《教育论文Ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｖｅ Ｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇ ｉｎ Ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇ Ｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅ Ａｆｆｅｃｔ.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《教育论文Ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｖｅ Ｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇ ｉｎ Ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇ Ｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅ Ａｆｆｅｃｔ.doc（5页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、 是小柯论文网通过网络搜集，并由本站工作人员整理后发布的，是篇质量较高的学术论文，供本站访问者学习和学术交流参考之用，不可用于其他商业目的，的论文版权归原作者所有，因网络整理，有些文章作者不详，敬请谅解，如需转摘，请注明出处小柯论文网，如果此论文无法满足您的论文要求，您可以申请本站帮您代写论文，以下是正文。 Abstract: This paper focus on the function of cooperative learning in developing positive affect，Including reducing anxiety，increasing motivation
2、，facilitating the development of positive attitudes toward learning and language learning，promoting self-esteem，as well as supporting different learning styles and encouraging perseverance in the difficult and confusing process of learning a foreign languageKey words:function cooperative learning po
3、sitive Affect. IncreasingMotivationIt is very important to tap into the learners intrinsic motivation both at the stage of initiating and sustaining motivation. CL emphasizes the intrinsic motivation. The various features of cooperative learning, particularly positive interdependence, are highly mot
4、ivating because they encourage such achievement-oriented behaviors as trying hard, attending class regularly, praising the efforts of others, and receiving help from ones groupmates. Success is based on it and ones groupmates will reward it. Peer support can be a powerful motivator for shy, insecure
5、 or even uninterested learners. Porter (1983) found that ESL learners in the university provided much more support for each other than did native-speaker conversational partners, perhaps because of a shared sense of frustration in trying to communicate complex thoughts in less-developed linguistic s
6、ystems. Long and Porter (1985) also found that group work increased students motivation. CL involves task or reward structures which better ensure that all members of the group will participate and do so at their own level of proficiency. Resource, goal and reward interdependence contribute to motiv
7、ation, and enjoyable activities encourage participation, as well.Forming Positive AttitudeCL can be very helpful for learners to form positive attitudes towards a subject, learning, groupmates and even school. In the process of cooperative learning, learners can not only develop their friendship but
8、 also change their attitudes towards each other by means of interacting with each other. According to some researches, we can find that cooperative learning can help learners show more love of their school, their classmates and willingness to go to school. They wish the best of others and they belie
9、ve their classmates wish the same of them. They become more active in class because they believe their success is based on their own efforts and support from their peers.Increasing Self-EsteemSelf-esteem has a strong influence on language learning and learners affective growth. Slavin (1990) holds t
10、hat cooperative activities can be helpful to build up greater learner confidence and self-esteem than is likely in a competitive environment, where self-validation is dependent upon a continuing need to demonstrate success. Through CL, immediate personal experience is highlighted and learners interp
11、ersonal competence can be developed, which in turn, might result in their personality development and enhancing of self-esteem. Cooperative Learning can help learners to interact with each other and promote each others success. Learners can also be realistic about their own abilities when cooperatin
12、g with each other. Their basic needs like needs for safety, interpersonal closeness and self-esteem are somewhat satisfied. Their self-confidence and self-esteem can be increased through participating in classroom activities together. And then learner effort in language learning can be increased. Le
13、arners are more willing to take risks to continue participating in the class activities actively. .Reducing Debilitating AnxietyIn the process of learning a foreign language, anxiety is the biggest barrier. Learners constantly are afraid of failing or appearing foolish in the language classroom. How
14、ever, learners can reduce this debilitating anxiety or fear by means of having opportunities to try out their contributions with each other before being asked to offer them to the entire class. In cooperative groups, learners have much time and many opportunities to think about the tasks. Learners d
15、o not only get more opportunities to talk, but also become less anxious than speaking in front of the whole class. According to some research, anxiety level can be influenced by the size of audience because the evaluations of many people have the potential for greater impact on the performer than th
16、ose of a few. Therefore, learners can be more nervous when they have to speak in front of the whole class. In cooperative groups, the number of listeners is small and they are friendly and helpful, the anxiety is reduced down.Anxiety in the classroom can increase because of competitiveness and teach
17、er-learner interactions. In traditional model of teaching, there are more teacher-learner interactions or teacher actions, but less learner-learner interactions so that the classroom is more competitive. In cooperative learning classroom, competition happens among groups rather than individuals and
18、there are more learner-learner interactions. Oxford and Ehrman include cooperative learning as a classroom procedure that can lower anxiety in the language classroom. Based on these research findings, we can see that cooperative learning can play a very important role in developing learners positive
19、 affect. This approach should be made full use of by learners so that they can achieve greater success in learning language.References:1Aida, Y. Examination of Horwitz, Horwitz and Copes construct of foreign language anxiety: the case of students of Japanese. Modern Language Journal,1994，78(4)：155-6
20、8.2Alpert, R. and R. Haber. Anxiety in academic achievement situations. Journal ofAbnormal and Social Psychology， 1960，61(2)： 207-15.3Apelt, W. and H. Koernig. Affectivity in the teaching of foreign languages.European Education,1997，29(2)：29-46.4Bailey, K. M. Competitiveness and anx 是小柯论文网通过网络搜集，并由本
21、站工作人员整理后发布的，是篇质量较高的学术论文，供本站访问者学习和学术交流参考之用，不可用于其他商业目的，的论文版权归原作者所有，因网络整理，有些文章作者不详，敬请谅解，如需转摘，请注明出处小柯论文网，如果此论文无法满足您的论文要求，您可以申请本站帮您代写论文，以下是正文。iety in adult second language learning: Looking at and through the diary studies. In H.W. Seliger and M. H. Long (Eds.) Classroom-oriented Research in Second Langu
22、age Acquisition. Rowley, MA: Newbury House. 1983.5Beaey, W. Book review: cooperative learning. ELT Teaching, 1996.42.6Bennett, B.,C. Rolheiser-Bennett and L. Stevahn. Cooperative Learning: Where Heart Meets Mind. Toronto: Educaional Connections. 1991.7Boud, D. Toward student responsibility for learn
23、ing. In D. Boud (Ed.) Developing Student Autonomy in Learning.London: Kogan Page. 1981.8Branden, N. How to Raise Your Self-esteem.New York: Bantam Books. 1987.（作者单位：辽宁沈阳化工学院）其他参考文献Baker, Sheridan. The Practical Stylist. 6th ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1985.Flesch, Rudolf. The Art of Plain Talk. New
24、York: Harper & Brothers, 1946.Gowers, Ernest. The Complete Plain Words. London: Penguin Books, 1987.Snell-Hornby, Mary. Translation Studies: An Integrated Approach. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1987.Hu, Zhuanglin. 胡壮麟, 语言学教程 M. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2006.Jespersen, Otto. The Philosophy of Grammar. London: Rout
25、ledge, 1951.Leech, Geoffrey, and Jan Svartvik. A Communicative Grammar of English. London: Longman, 1974.Li, Qingxue, and Peng Jianwu. 李庆学、彭建武, 英汉翻译理论与技巧 M. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2009.Lian, Shuneng. 连淑能, 英汉对比研究 M. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 1993.Ma, Huijuan, and Miao Ju. 马会娟、苗菊, 当代西方翻译理论选读 M. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社, 2009.Newm
26、ark, Peter. Approaches to Translation. London: Pergmon P, 1981.Quirk, Randolph, et al. A Grammar of Contemporary English. London: Longman, 1973.Wang, Li. 王力, 中国语法理论 M. 济南: 山东教育出版社, 1984.Xu, Jianping. 许建平, 英汉互译实践与技巧 M. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2003.Yan, Qigang. 严启刚, 英语翻译教程 M. 天津: 南开大学出版社, 2001.Zandvoort, R. W. A Handbook of English Grammar. London: Longmans, 1957.Zhong, Shukong. 钟述孔, 英汉翻译手册 M. 北京: 商务印书馆, 1983.Zhou, Zhipei. 周志培, 汉英对比与翻译中的转换 M. 上海: 华东理工大学出版社, 2003.