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1、1 毕业论文毕业论文 SBSSBS 改性沥青配合比和施工技术改性沥青配合比和施工技术 系 别： 道桥系 专 业：道路桥梁工程技术(检测方向) 班 级： 09161 姓 名： 刘航宇 学号： 12 指导教师： 刘存柱 职称： 教授 完成期限： 2012 年 3 月 1 日6 月 8 日 2 SBSSBS 改性沥青配合比和施工技术改性沥青配合比和施工技术 刘航宇刘航宇 【摘 要】现代公路和道路发生许多变化，交通流量和行驶频度急剧增加，货运 车的轴重不断增加，要求进一步提高路面的抗流动性，提高柔性和弹性，提高 耐磨耗能力和延长使用寿命。对石油沥青改性，使其适应上述苛刻的使用要求， 引起了人们的重视。
2、聚合物改性沥青是一种技术含量和附加值较高的新型优质 筑路材料。它通过把聚合物掺入道路沥青中而改善使用性能，能显著延长路面 寿命、降低噪声、提高行车舒适性和安全性，SBS 沥青作为一种改性沥青胶结 料，早在 20 世纪 90 年代就已出现，由于 SBS 是一种热塑性橡胶共聚物，使用 量大，费用较高，由于受经济条件限制，所以在国内一直没有大面积推广。本 文我们将主要讨论 SBS 改性沥青配合比以及施工技术方面的问题。 【关键词】： SBS 沥青混合料 配合比设计 技术要求 施工质量控制 SBS modified asphalt mixture ratio and construction tech
3、nology Liu hangyu Modern roads and road happen many changes, the traffic flow and driving frequency increase sharply, freight car of axle load increasing, asked for further improve the resistance of liquidity, improve the flexibility and elasticity, improve abrasion resistance ability and prolong se
4、rvice life. Asphalt modification for oil, making it hard to adapt to the use of the above requirements, caused the peoples attention. Polymer modified asphalt is a high technology new high quality road materials. It through the polymer mixed with road asphalt and improve service performance, can sig
5、nificantly extend life, reduce noise, increase comfort and safety, SBS asphalt, as a kind of modified asphalt cementing material, in the early 1990 s already appeared, because the SBS is a kind of thermoplastic.in China has not widespread. In this paper, we mainly discuss SBS modified asphalt constr
6、uction technical . key words: SBS asphalt mixing ratio of design technical requirements construction quality control 3 目录目录 第一章、发展概况第一章、发展概况 .1 1.1 SBS 改性沥青简介 .1 1.2 SBS 改性沥青机理 .1 1.3 SBS 改性沥青的特性 .2 1.4 SBS 改性沥青的生产 .2 1.5 改性沥青的技术标准.3 第二章、配合比设计第二章、配合比设计 .5 2.1 材料选择与准备.5 2.1.1 粗集料.5 2.1.2 细集料.5 2.1.3
7、填充料.5 2.1.4 SBS改性沥青技术要求6 2.1.5 SBS改性沥青试验中应注意的问题7 2.2 沥青混合料配合比设计.7 2.2.1 级配.7 2.2.2 粉胶比.7 2.2.3 马歇尔试验混合料技术指标.8 2.2.4试验注意事项8 2.2.5 确定最佳沥青用量(或油石比) 9 第三章、第三章、SBS 沥青混合料的施工沥青混合料的施工 .13 3.1 运输的技术要求.13 3.2 沥青拌合场储存的技术要求.13 3.3 泵送的技术要求.13 3.4 拌合、运输的技术要求.14 3.5 摊铺的技术要求.14 3.6 碾压与成型的技术要求.15 3.7 SBS 沥青混合料的质量控制 .
8、16 第四章、结论第四章、结论(或总结或总结).18 改性沥青配比和施工 1 第一章第一章 发展概况发展概况 1.11.1 SBSSBS 改性沥青简介改性沥青简介 SBS 改性沥青是在原有基质沥青（AH-70）的基础上，掺加 2.5%、3.0%、4.0的 SBS 改性剂，改性后的沥青，与原沥青相比，其高温粘 度增大，软化点升高。在良好的设计配合比和施工条件下，沥青路面的耐久性 和高温稳定性明显提高。在 SBS 改性沥青生产过程中进行了大量的室内试验， 生产后对其技术指标进行了现场实验，实验结果表明，外掺 3.0%SBS 的改性沥 青，软化点、针入度等指标均满足改性沥青规范要求，可用 SBS 改
9、性沥青做沥 青混合料的配合比设计。 1.21.2 SBSSBS 改性沥青机理改性沥青机理 沥青的化学组成结构与沥青胶体结构、物理性能、流变性能的关系相当 复杂，沥青改性是通过改善沥青体系的内部结构实现对沥青物理性能的改善 的。 沥青与聚合物混合形成相容体系，改善了沥青的使用性能。根据沥青的 改性原理，不论是聚合物吸附了沥青中的油分溶胀后分布在沥青中，还是聚 合物吸附了沥青中的油分溶胀后形成连续相，沥青重组分分布在聚合物相中， 都是因为聚合物的存在改善了沥青的高、低温性能，并且后者在更大程度上 反映了聚合物的特性，因此，聚合物吸附沥青中的油分形成连续的网状结构， 是最大限度发挥聚合物改性作用的关
10、键。 沥青经 SBS 改性后，没有改变自身及沥青分子的化学结构单元，改性过 程以物理改性为； SBS 易吸收沥青中的饱和分发生溶胀，溶胀后的SBS 极 性更接近胶质； SBS 与沥青组挤的部分相容性改变了沥青组分分布，从而 影响沥青的相态转变；沥青组分对聚合物粒子的充分溶胀和聚合物粒子对沥 改性沥青配比和施工 2 青组分的良好吸附是对沥青进行聚合物改性、提高沥青性能的基础，沥青组 分对聚合物粒子的溶胀和聚合物粒子对沥青组分的吸附是一个动态的过程， 这种动态过程会对聚合物改性沥青的空间三维网状结构产生很大的影响，进 而影响其性能 。 1.31.3 SBSSBS 改性沥青的特性改性沥青的特性 1.
11、温差较大的地区有很好的耐高温、抗低温能力 2.有较好的抗车辙能力，其弹性和韧性好 3.提高了路面的抗疲劳能力，特别是在大流量、超载严重的公路上具有 良好的应变能力，可减少路面的永久变形 4.粘结能力特别强，能明显改善路面遇水后的抗拉能力，并极大地改善 了沥青的水稳定性 5.提高了路面的抗滑能力 6.增强了路面的承载能力 7.减少路面因紫外线辐射而导致的沥青老化现象 8.减少因车辆渗漏柴油、机油和汽油而造成的破坏 1.41.4 SBSSBS 改性沥青的生产改性沥青的生产 一般来说，沥青的 SBS 改性需要经过溶胀、剪切、发育三个过程。 对于 SBS 改性沥青体系来说，溶胀与相容存在密切关系，溶胀
12、大小直接影响 了相容性的好坏，如果 SBS 在沥青中无限溶胀，则体系变成完全相容。溶 胀行为与改性沥青生产、加工工艺和高温贮存稳定性等有密切的关系。 随着温度升高，溶胀速度明显加快，在高于SBS 的 PS 玻璃化转变的熔融 加工温度溶胀明显。 剪切是整个改性过程中中关键的一步，往往剪切的效果会影响最终的结 果。胶体磨是改性沥青设备的核心，它处于高温、高速运转的环境下，胶体 磨的外层为夹套结构，设有循环保温系统，同时起减震和降低噪音的作用， 改性沥青配比和施工 3 胶体磨内部为带有一定数量齿槽的环状动盘和环状定盘磨刀，间隙可以调整， 物料粒度的均匀性和胶溶效果由齿槽的深度、宽度及磨刀的数量、形成
13、结构 的特定工作区域来决定。 改性沥青的生产最后都要经过发育的过程，研磨后，沥青进入成品罐或 者发育罐，温度控制在 170-190，在搅拌器的作用下进行一定时间的发育 过程。在这个过程中往往加入某种改性沥青稳定剂来提高改性沥青的储存稳 定性。 1.51.5 改性沥青的技术标准改性沥青的技术标准 公路沥青路面施工技术规范 中聚合物改性沥青的技术要求如下表， 改标准根据聚合物类型的不同分为三类，将每一类型的聚合物改性沥青又分 为几个等级，每一个等级适用于不同的气候条件。 聚合物改性沥青技术要求 SBS类(I类)SBR类(II类)EVA、PE类(III类) 指 标 单 位 I-A I-B I-C I
14、-D II-AII-B II-C III -A III- B III- C III- D 试验方 法1 针入度 25, 100g,5s dm m 10 0 80- 100 60- 80 30- 60 10 0 80- 100 60- 80 80 60- 80 40- 60 30- 40 T 0604 针入度指数PI 不小于 - 1.2 - 0.8 - 0.4 0 - 1.0 -0.8 -0.6 - 1.0 - 0.8 - 0.6 -0.4 T 0604 延度 5, 5cm/min 不小于 cm 50403020605040 T 0605 软化点 TR May be back in the pa
15、st, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it. 一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎 把转瞬即逝的
16、很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子；或许 是追溯过去，对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟，这些 天以来，思绪一直很凌乱，在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己 似乎应该去做点什么，或者写点什么。二十年的人生 轨迹深深浅浅，突然就感觉到有些事情，非做不可了。 改性沥青配比和施工 21 The end of our life, and can meet many things really do? 而穷尽我们的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？ During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Ye
17、ar, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not
18、 so important; Then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a ba
19、sketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance. 童年时，觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备，但是随着年龄的推进，会越来越发现，那 些东西根本就可有可无；初中时，以为要有一场暗恋 才意味着真正的成长，但三年过去后，自己心平气和 的写同学录的时候，突然就发现是不是真正的成长了， 好像并没有那么重要了；然后到了高中，觉得非要吐 露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一 个句点，但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉， 后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场，看着他投过篮 球的球框时，突然间发现
20、自己已经想不起他的容颜。 Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原来，这个世界上，对某个事件能产生化学反应的，除了 非做不可的坚决，还有，时间。 A persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seeme
21、d to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous s
22、piritual. 一个人的时候，自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明确，好像没 有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好像已经下定了决心去做某件事，但更多的时候是最后又打 起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦，最终却发现有很多缘分，有很多错过，好像冥冥之中真 的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可，只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂， 或者说，是自以为是的精神寄托罢了。 At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; T
23、hose were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life. 此刻，天空是阴暗的，空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件蓝格子衬 衫；那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸
24、；那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊；还有那场还没有开始 就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可，终于和青春一样，都将在我们的 人生中谢幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cov
25、er. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) 改性沥青配比和施工 22 where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial
26、 airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. We often close ourselves off when traumatic events happen in our lives; instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into
27、ourselves. We try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesnt exist, but although we can try this all we want, in the end, we cant hide from ourselves. We need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften us. 生活发生不幸时，我们常常会关上心门；世界不仅没能慰藉我们，反倒使我们更加消沉。 我们假装一切仿佛
28、都不曾发生，以此试图忘却伤痛，可就算隐藏得再好，最终也还是骗不 了自己。既然如此，何不尝试打开心门，拥抱生活中的各种可能，让世界感化我们呢？ Whenever we start to let our fears and seriousness get the best of us, we should take a step back and re-evaluate our behavior. The items listed below are six ways you can open your heart more fully and completely. 当恐惧与焦虑来袭时，我们应该
29、退后一步，重新反思自己的言行。下面六个方法有助于你 更完满透彻地敞开心扉。Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt. When the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. When we run away from sadness thats unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and
30、 more real. We take an emotion thats fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something that passes through us. 当生活中出现痛苦的事情时，别再逃跑或隐藏痛苦，试着拥抱它吧；当悲伤来袭时，试着 深呼吸，然后直面它。如果我们一味逃避生活中的悲伤，悲伤只会变得更强烈更真实 悲伤原本只是稍纵即逝的情绪，我们却固执地耿耿于怀 By utilizing our breath we soften our experiences. If we dam them up, our lives
31、 will stagnate, but when we keep them flowing, we allow more newness and greater experiences to blossom.深呼吸能减缓我们 的感受。屏住呼吸，生活停滞；呼出呼吸，更多新奇与经历又将拉开序幕。2. Embrace the uncomfortable We all know what that twinge of anxiety feels like. We know how fear feels in our bodies: the tension in our necks, the tight
32、ness in our stomachs, etc. We can practice leaning into these feelings of discomfort and let them show us where we need to go.我们都经历过焦灼的煎熬感，也都感受过恐惧造成的生理反应：脖子僵硬、胃酸翻腾。 其实，我们有能力面对这些痛苦的感受，从中领悟到出路。 The initial impulse is to run away to try and suppress these feelings by not acknowledging them. When we do
33、this, we close ourselves off to the parts of our lives that we need to experience most. The next time you have this feeling of being truly uncomfortable, do yourself a favor and lean into the feeling. Act in spite of the fear. 我们的第一反应总是逃避以为否认不安情绪的存在就能万事大吉，可这也恰好妨碍了 我们经历最需要的生活体验。下次感到不安时，不管有多害怕，也请试着勇敢面
34、对吧。 3. Ask your heart what it wants 倾听内心 Were often confused at the next step to take, making pros and cons lists until our eyes bleed and our brains are sore. Instead of always taking this approach, what if we engaged a new part of ourselves that isnt usually involved in the decision making process
35、?我们常对未来犹疑不定，反复考虑利弊直到身心 俱疲。与其一味顾虑重重，不如从局外人的角度看待决策之事。From: http:/ 改性沥青配比和施工 23 The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda. The weatheThe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving
36、platform. Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end. Skydiver preps for
37、the big jump When he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely. If he goes too fas
38、t or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters). In order to deploy this chute successfull
39、y, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds. Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters). cause there