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1、专业好文档佳木斯发电厂12号机组电液调节系统改造郝 俊、高景玉、周永刚、刘国平（佳木斯发电厂 154005）摘 要本文介绍了汽轮机无控制油源调节系统集成型执行器电液调节系统在佳木斯发电厂#12机组上的成功应用；REXA执行器通过杠杆控制油动机错油门的控制方式应用在100MW机组上，在国内属于首例，为中小型机组电液调节系统改造提供了新的途径和手段。关键词电液调节系统 集成型执行器 100MW机组 佳木斯发电厂12号机组为哈尔滨汽轮机厂制造生产的凝汽式100MW汽轮机，采用机械液压型调节系统，由高速弹性调速器、调速器滑阀组、断流式错油门、带油口反馈双侧进油油动机和凸轮配汽机构组成。为提高机组效率和
2、自动化水平，2002年进行了汽轮机通流部分改造；机炉DCS改造；同时汽轮机调节系统也进行了改造，将机械液压调节系统改造成为纯电液调节系统。为实现电液调节系统的基本控制功能，增强电液转换装置的抗工质污染能力，遵循调节系统改造的基本原则，采用了沈阳东北电力调节技术研究所的新型电液调节系统集成型执行器电液调节系统；针对佳木斯电厂#12机组调节系统的结构特点，提出了以REXA执行器作为电液转换装置，通过杠杆驱动油动机错油门的纯电液调节系统改造方案。改造后的电液调节系统，于2002年12月一次起动成功，完成自动挂闸、自动开启主汽门、冲转、定速、超速试验、并网直至带满负荷全过程。电液调节系统的各项控制功能
3、和性能指标全部满足设计要求和运行需要。集成型执行器电液调节系统在100MW机组上的成功应用，在国内属于首例，对中小机组电液调节系统改造提供了新的途径和手段。1 电液调节系统组成 改造后的纯电液控制系统由电气和液压两部分组成。电气部分采用的是上海新华控制公司的DCS系统控制器及组件；液压部分采用集成型电液执行器系统。基于传统的液压执行机构仍具有良好的性能，集成型电液执行器纯电液调节系统，是在保留机组的执行机构、凸轮配汽机构、油系统及保安系统的前提下进行的。将油动机的反馈滑阀取消，将智能型机、电、液一体化执行器（REXA执行器），通过杠杆直接作用在油动机滑阀上部，改造后的油动机原理见图1。节流孔节
4、流孔主油泵压力油错油门流孔油动机活塞排油开执行器杠杆弹簧关图1 油动机改造示意图控制原理：以加负荷过程为例，REXA执行器接受DEH控制信号向上动作，杠杆将以油动机活塞杆为支点控制错油门滑阀上的顶杆向上动作，错油门滑阀在160公斤力的作用下迅速向上动作偏离中间位置，使压力油进入油动机活塞下腔，油动机活塞上腔与主油泵入口接通，油动机活塞在油压作用下向上移动，相应开大调节汽阀；在油动机活塞向上移动时，以REXA执行器为支点，通过杠杆控制油动机错油门滑阀回到中间位置。减负荷过程与加负荷过程相反。62 DEH系统功能DEH控制系统设有操作员站和工程师站，软操作面板和硬操作键盘，运行人员通过操作员站软手
5、操完成正常运行控制，硬操作键盘可完成应急控制。具有如下功能：2.1 控制功能（1）机组转速控制（2）机组功率控制（3）自动同期控制（4）初始负荷控制（5）一次调频功能（6）电网自动发电控制（7）与锅炉配合实现协调控制（8）机组手动快速减负荷功能（9）远方操作自动挂闸、开启主汽门2.2 限制功能（1）超速限制控制（2）主蒸汽压力降低限制（3）汽轮机真空降低负荷限制（4）功率、主蒸汽流量限制（5）主汽温度高、主汽温度低负荷限制2.3 保护功能（1）接受汽轮机紧急跳闸系统（ETS）指令，实现对机组的保护。（2）超速保护1) 机械超速保护 ：转速超过危急保安器设定值，危急遮断器动作，迅速关闭主汽门和调
6、速汽门，实现停机。2）电气超速保护：汽轮机达到112%额定转速时，DEH系统发出指令，通过紧急停机电磁阀和REXA执行器，迅速关闭调速汽门和主汽门，实现紧急停机。2.4 DEH操作方式（1）自动方式根据设定的机组起动曲线（冷态、半热态、热态）自动完成起动、升速、并网、带负荷全过程。也可人工干预。（2）操作员自动运行方式 按照运行人员设定的目标值和变化率实现机组转速、负荷的闭环控制。（3）手动远方操作运行方式运行人员根据机组状态，通过DEH操作键盘对机组负荷实施开环控制。（4）后备控制运行方式在DEH控制系统出现故障必须退出运行等非常工况下，运行人员可通过后备操作直接远方操作REXA执行器，对机
7、组的负荷实施开环控制。3 系统特点（1）系统结构简单、安装、维护、调试方便、改造工作量小；（2）由于REXA执行器具有模块化结构，自带封闭油源，无须外供控制油源，避免了常规电液转换器易受油质污染影响的缺陷，是任何电液转换器无法比拟的；（4）由于REXA执行器具有大力矩输出，直接驱动油动机错油门，提高了油动机错油门抗油质污染的能力、减小了系统的迟缓、提高了错油门的跟踪力，这是其他改造方式所不能实现的。提高了系统工作的可靠性；（5）当厂用电故障或DEH控制器故障或控制系统失电时，为不影响机组正常发电，REXA执行器具有自动保位功能，保持阀位和负荷不变。4 应用实践效果2002年12月，佳木斯发电厂
8、#12机组，集成型执行器电液调节系统投入运行，一次起动成功，经过升速、并网、超速试验及带负荷全过程，并实现了机炉协调（CCS）控制，其性能指标均满足设计要求，能适应机组各种运行工况的需要，安全可靠，取得了明显的改造效果。在起动过程中，对系统功能和性能指标进行了综合测试；转速控制精度为1r/min，负荷控制精度小于0.5MW，完全满足电液调节系统所要求的性能指标。通过应用实践表明，消除了调节系统迟缓大、加减负荷困难等缺陷，改善了调节系统控制品质，提高了机组的安全性、稳定性、自动化水平、以及调峰能力。提高了运行管理水平，减轻了运行人员的劳动强度。能严格控制上网电量，能取得明显的经济效益。5 结论（
9、1）以REXA电液执行器作为汽轮机电液调节系统的电液转换装置，克服了目前电液转换器、电液伺服阀等普遍存在的抗油质污染能力差、泄漏和卡涩等问题。并以其独特的功能提高了系统运行的可靠性、灵活性，能满足汽轮机调节系统控制精度的要求；（2）REXA电液执行器，通过杠杆直接控制油动机错油门的控制方式，在国内100MW机组上是首例应用，具有控制效果好、改造工作量小、维护量少等特点，有其广泛应用的前景，给中小型机组调节系统的改造提供了新的途径和手段。作者简介 郝 俊，男，黑龙江省佳木斯市人，1972年出生，汉族，工程师；1993年哈尔滨工业大学毕业，毕业至今一致从事汽轮机调节系统、热力系统的研究工作。The
10、 Integrative Actuator Electro-Hydraulic Control System retrofit in No. 12 Steam Turbine of Jiamusi Power WorkHao Jun Gao Jingyu Zhou Yonggang Liu Guoping（Jiamusi Power Work 154005）Abstract In this paper, the steam turbine governing system without control oil is introduced, and the application of the
11、 integrative actuator electro-hydraulic control system for the No.12 steam turbine of Jiamusi power work is very successful. The control mode of REXA actuator driving the pilot valve through leverage is firstly supplied in 100MW steam turbine in our country, and providing a new way to retrofit for t
12、he middle steam turbine eletro-hydraulic control system.Key words Electro-Hydraulic Control System, Integrative Actuator, 100MW Steam turbineEditors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes t
13、o typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the
14、first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a
15、meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie
16、floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched t
17、he balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap o
18、f faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially fi
19、lled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment
20、 on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this
21、 mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will
22、climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The ballo
23、on will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a s
24、wimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed o
25、f sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that
26、 can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a rese
27、rve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might
28、 not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.