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1、当今航海技术达到前所未有的水平，那么你知道古代一些有关航海方面的仪器吗？Sinan，the ancient Chinese compassIt was invented by Zhang Heng in the Han Dynasty.It is made up of a bronze foundation (青铜底盘) and magnetic spoon(磁勺) which is made of natural magnet，positioned right in the center of the foundation.The handle of the spoon points to
2、the south，while the other side points to the north.When the Sinan is in the still，the handle of the spoon points to the south because of the influence of the terrestrial magnetism (地磁)AstrolabeIt has 17 stars listed as well as a map of the sky overhead (for 37 degrees) and the ecliptic (黄道)The time
3、of day or night is on the outside edge with noon at the top of the Astrolabe and midnight at the bottom.It comes with a carrying chain，a pouch，and a book on its use.The reverse side has a sight for measuring the elevations of the heavenly bodies.SextantThe sextant is a navigational instrument for me
4、asuring the angle between the horizon and some object in the sky.First a sailor looks at the horizon through an eyepiece.At the see light from the sun or a star reflected off a small mirror on top of the instrument，onto a second mirror and into the eyepiece.The navigator can then see two images，the
5、horizon and the sun side by side.He can then measure the angle between them on a scale at the bottom of the instrument.The scale goes from 0 to 120 degrees.An earlier instrument，called a quadrant，measured in angle in the same way but it could only measure angles from 0 to 90 degrees.Nautical chartNa
6、utical charts are maps of the depth of the sea and the currents of the oceans.They provide modern sailors with routes through the seas，rather like roads through the countryside.The information began to be collected in the nineteenth century and has continued to be updated ever since.These charts wer
7、e not available to Captain Bligh or Zheng He.两个诱思问题1What is the theory of the Sinan invented by Zhang Heng? 2Why were the Nautical charts not able to be used by Captain Bligh or Zheng He? 【答案】1The influence of the terrestrial magnetism.2Because the information began to be collected in the nineteenth
8、 century.Section Reading (Warming Up, Prereading，Reading & Comprehending).根据词性及英文释义写出单词的正确形式1 nkindness；forgiveness2 nactivity of exploring3 adj.above ones head4 adj.at sea not far from land5 adj.made or done without any plan6 adj.difficult to use7 nact of mentioning；act of looking at for informatio
9、n8 adj.light and that can be(easily) carried or moved【答案】1.mercy2.exploration3.overhead4.offshore5.random6.awkward7.reference8.portable.短语填空may well；at the mercy of；work out；be close to；the number of；compare with；in relation to；rather than1I prefer to walk there take a bus.2The boat was the rapid ri
10、ver.3This novel become a classic.4 those who are suffering，we are better off.5I believe that you can this problem by yourself.【答案】1.rather than2.at the mercy of3.may well4.Compared with5.work out.阅读P1213课文内容，从三个选项中选择最佳答案1How many traditional methods used by seamen are mentioned in the passage?AFour.
11、BFive. CEight.2The passage doesnt tell us whether skilledseamen used to use the to judge his position at sea.ANorth StarBsun Cmoon3By studying the winds，seamen could Ajudge the direction of the shipBknow how far away they were from their homeCtell the distance they had discovered4From the passage we
12、 can learn that Awhy early seamen wanted to sail the seven seasBthere is useful information in an encyclopediaCearly sailors went exploring the seas using their skills and simple instruments5The purpose of the passage is to tell us Akeeping a longitude of the coastline is the first and most useful f
13、orm of explorationBabout the skills and navigational aids early seamen used while sailing the oceansCthe finding of latitude and longitude is a must to plot a ships position on a map【答案】1.A2.C3.A4.C5.B.阅读P1213课文内容，完成下列表格UsingnatureTo helpKeeping alongside the coastlineThe 1. useful form of explorati
14、on.Using celestial bodiesNorth Star: At the North Pole it is at its 2. position；At the equator it is along the horizon.Sun：The sailors could use the height of the sun to work out their 3. .Clouds：A special cloud formation indicates land close by.Using navigationalinstruments to helpUsing 4. Seaweed：
15、Sailors could 5. by the colour and smell of seaweed.Birds：Seamen could follow the birds which return to land to find land.Using the weatherFog: Seamen used fog to 6. the position of a stream or river.Winds：Seamen used winds to 7. their sailing.Using the seaCertain tides and currents could be used to
16、 carry ships to their destination.Finding longitudeSailors knew a method of8. longitude using speed and time.Finding latitudeThe Bearing Circle: The first instrument to measure 9. .The Astrolabe：It gave the seamen the local time and allowed them to find their latitude at sea.The Quadrant: It measure
17、d how high 10. were.The Sextant: It proved to be the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments.【答案】1.first and most2.highest3.latitude4.wildlife5.tell6.identify7.direct8calculating9.the suns position10.stars.阅读P1213课文内容，完成下面课文缩写This reading explains how seamen 1. (explore)th
18、e oceans and what kind of navigational instruments were used to sailors 2. the seventeenth century 3. they were navigating the open seas without seeing land.The 4. (voyage) of travellers before the 17th century show that they were not 5. the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern 6. (
19、navigation) aids.The seamen could use celestial bodies, wildlife, the weather or the sea to keep 7. the coastline.They could also use 8. compass to help find the direction that the ship needs to go.They could use the 9. (bear) circle to measure the suns position and tell if they were sailing on their correct rather than a random course. While the astrolabe，the quadrant and the sextant could help give the seamen the local time and allowed them 10. (find)their latitude at sea.【答案】1.explored2.before3.when4.voyages5.at6.navigational7.alongside8.the9bearing10.to find