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1、 毕业论文（设计） A Study on International CommercialEtiquette and Its Significance（TIMES NEW ROMAN 二号）国际商务礼仪及其意义研究（宋体二号）注意事项：通常标题不用句子；第一个单词无论是什么都大写；文章标题的实词首字母要大写；实词，即名词、 形容词、 副词等首字母要大写。 虚词，即介词（字母多于三个(不含三个)的介词、连词首字母要大写；）、冠词、 连词等要小写。此原则适用于目录中一二级标题(大写)本部分现在仅供参考，统一格式等大家都完成，答辩前夕再告知大家。系别：楷体_GB2312 三号专业名称：学生姓名：学号
2、：指导教师姓名、职称： 摘要（Abstract）中文摘要和英文摘要中文摘要正文字体为宋体四号字体，英文摘要正文字体为Times New Roman四号。在中、英文摘要最后隔一行注明论文的关键词（要求35个，不得超出）。排列顺序为英语摘要（只写Abstract）在前，汉语(只写摘要)在后，单独起页。摘要应包含以下内容：从事这一研究的目的和重要性；研究的主要内容，指明完成了哪些工作；获得的基本结论和研究成果，突出论文的新见解；结论或结果的意义。中英文摘要的一致性主要是指内容方面的一致性摘 要（宋体小三号加黑加粗）当今世界，各国之间交流频繁，礼仪之论不再局限宋体四号在国内，而成了国际交往需要重视的问
3、题。同时，不可否认的是因为各国价值观念，文化，历史背景的不同，在礼仪实践中也存在差异。没有一个统一的标准，这些差异，只有一些约定俗成的东西，大家都基本认同，在交往中共同遵守。所以从事国际交流，国际商务的人，不论是政治，经济，文化，军事哪个领域，对这些礼仪都要熟悉。国际商务和涉外工作也已经不再是少数人的专利，而是成为越来越多人的职业选择。在这个“以人为本”的时代，如何在跨文化的交流中，尽可能地尊重他人，又充分维护自己的尊严，是一项非常重要而具有挑战意义的事情，而国际商务礼仪就是市场竞争和国际商务大环境中人们必备的一门知识。本文对商务礼仪进行了明确的界定,对商务礼仪的内容与归属、特征与原则、功能与
4、操作进行了系统的阐述,较为详细地论述了商务介绍与问候,迎送礼仪,宴请规则,谈判礼仪以及柬书礼仪,同时阐明了国际商务礼仪对于商务人员的重要意义。（中文摘要400字左右）关键词：国际商务，商务礼仪，意义Abstract（Times New Roman 小三号加黑加粗）Nowadays different nations communicate frequently. Etiquette is becoming an important issue, which is not cTimes New Roman 四号明体onfined only in the domestic affairs. At
5、the same time, the values vary from nations to nations, so does the practice of etiquette. There is not an acknowledged standard and it is only a set of established rules which are obeyed by all the people. Therefore, a business man should be familiar with all the protocols in all fields, such as po
6、litics, economics, and culture and military.International business is no longer the privilege of the minority of people. More and more people prefer to go into business. In the era of human-oriented society, how to respect others and maintain ones dignity becomes a challenge. International business
7、etiquette is the basic knowledge which should be applied in the competition in the international business environment. .This thesis gives a clear definition of commercial etiquette and systematically explains its contents, categorizations, features, principles, functions and practices. It illustrate
8、s the business introduction, greetings, welcoming guests, entertaining visitors, international business negotiation, practical business English writing in detail. It also shows the significance of the commercial etiquette. （英文摘要200字左右，和中文摘要要对应）Key words：International business，commercial etiquette，si
9、gnificance目录页不加页号。各章、节标题应简明扼要,并标注文章始页号(标注到二或三级标题)，字体为TIMES NEW ROMAN四号。（章为一级标题，节为二级标题。）目录标题和正文标题要严格一致。注：1.一级标题可以全大写，也可以首字母大写，其余字母小写, INTRODUCTION,.CONCLUSION,REFERENCES,ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS亦然。2.Chapter One也可以写成Chapter I, CONTENTS(TIMES NEW ROMAN 小三号加黑加粗)INTRODUCTION.1（Times New Roman 4号加黑）CHAPTER ONE AB
10、CCCCCCCC. 71.1 Abc .71.2 Abc .81.3 Abc（Times New Roman 4号不加黑）. .9CHAPTER TWO ABCCCCCCCC 112.1Abc. 112.2Abc 122.3Abc .13CHAPTER THREECHAPTER FOURCONCLUSION.REFERENCESACKNOWLEDGEMENTS引言（Introduction）引言又称前言，属于整篇论文的引论部分。其写作内容包括：研究的理由、目的、背景、前人的工作和知识空白，理论依据和实验基础，预期的结果及其在相关领域里的地位、作用和意义。正文（Main body）正文是一篇论文
11、的本论，属于论文的主体，它占据论文的最大篇幅。论文所体现的创造性成果或新的研究结果，都将在这一部分得到充分的反映。因此，要求这一部分内容充实，论据充分、可靠，论证有力，主题明确。为了满足这一系列要求，同时也为了做到层次分明、脉络清晰，常常将正文部分分成几个大的段落。这些段落即所谓逻辑段，一个逻辑段可包含几个自然段。每一逻辑段落可冠以适当标题（分标题或小标题）。段落和划分，应视论文性质与内容而定。正文从此处排页至致谢页，阿拉伯数字排页INTRODUCTIONBusiness communication and business etiquette In an era of globalizati
12、on, understanding the basics of etiquette and protocol that is, the type of behavior that others expect of you in both informal and formal settingsis an important skill. It can instill an individual with confidence to handle almost any situation in any culture and allow a businessperson to concentra
13、te on the deal at hand rather than worrying about such distractions as which fork to use or which hand to use for passing food. Without an understanding of the basics of etiquette and protocol, you risk coming off as a boorish Neanderthal. You may even put your companys image at risk or risk potenti
14、al failure in the formation of key business relationships that are vital to global success. Finally, a well-honed sense and appreciation of local customs etiquette and protocol can make you stand out in a competitive global market. In order to comprehend the International Commercial Etiquette, we sh
15、ould find out the full contents of its activities.Just as its name implies, the International Commerce indicates that there is only one purpose of commercial activities, that is, to realize, increase and convert the value. One sales its goods to the other to realize the market value of this producti
16、on, at the same time, the value is increased in this process, therefore, the seller gains some profits, which will be conversed into the value form needed in the next commercial campaign, no matter it is cash, products or service, thus, makes preparation of the following commercial activity.Internat
17、ional Commercial is based on the approbation and reception of each others trade motivations between the bargainers. Especially nowadays, this kind of activity is an action in which both sides are voluntary and almost without any force to press on. Besides, this kind of commercial activity goes along
18、 under the condition of free trade all over the world. Therefore, in the atmosphere of international commerce, the traders have the same quality, intent and environment, as well as three CHAPTER ONEABC每一章都要重新开头，重新起页CONCLUSIONIncreased globalization has been one of the most important developments in
19、the past decade. The Internet has been instrumental in accelerating the growth of business across borders. The ability to effectively conduct business with trading partners around the world is essential in the twenty-first century. Savvy companies view the development of international business etiqu
20、ette and communication skills as a strategy to distinguish their company from competing firms. One business educator has cautioned, Being closely attuned to the orientations of diverse trading partners is an increasingly important advantage in the highly competitive global marketplace, where only th
21、e very best thrive. Colleges and universities have responded to this need by integrating international perspectives into the curricula. Business schools in particular have worked to internationalize the curriculum, partially through the expansion of international business communication courses. Even
22、 student clubs have recognized the need for enhanced understanding of other cultures, sponsoring popular business etiquette dinners and workshops on global business protocol.Proper etiquette in todays business world goes well beyond basic table manners( they are, after all, a given in most cultures)
23、 and common courtesies (allowing an esteemed colleague or superior to precede you through a doorway, for example). Think of all the elements that go into making a first impression. The list is lengthy. There is your manner of dress, your professional appearance, the color of your dress or tie, your
24、body language, handshake, posture, amount of eye contact on introduction, where you put your hands, how you accept a business card and how you present yours as well as the actual content of the card-and you havent even sat down to begin talks.Regardless of the culture, proper etiquette means maintai
25、ning your own values while respecting those of others. It does not mean slavishly following the rituals and practices of others to please your host. If you make an effort at the language, at understanding the basics of common courtesy, and avoid any offensive acts, dont be overly concerned about the
26、 subtleties- at least the first time around. To be honest, not that much is really expected of the first time visitor to another culture, thought a deeper understanding will be expected each time you visit. The value in understanding etiquette and protocol id in the confidence it gives you and the i
27、mpression it makes on colleagues. Although what is covered is handled well, there are some areas that could have received greater attention. For example, there is little discussion of the differences among the various countries and cultures in each continent. And Id have liked more on business etiqu
28、ette and the use of humor, entertainment and letters.We previously discussed the importance of business etiquette in daily business activities in terms of business introduce, dining, business invitations. There are some other important business etiquettes, such as the proper attitude towards foreign
29、 cultures, music and arts, the respect for their dining habits, holidays and religions. We will not discuss them in details because of the limited scope of this paper. Shortly put, understanding more about foreign business etiquettes put us in a good position to deal with all kinds of business occas
30、ions and hence facilitate the development of global trade. References:(Times New Roman 小三加黑加粗)1 Grace Fox. Everyday Etiquette, A Guide to Modern MannersM. 2 Mary Jane McCaffree, Pauline Innis. The Complete Handbook 8 R.G. Feltham. Diplomatic HandbookM . M. Time-Life Custom Publishing. 3 Williams-Son
31、oma, Inc. and Wedon Owen Inc. The Bar Guide Berkley Publishing GrouTimes New Roman四号明体p with Doubleday Direct, Inc, 1998.of Diplomatc iM,. Official and Social Usage.4 杜培. 现代礼仪学M. 中国工人出版社, 1997.5 韩欲和, 张彦. 涉外礼仪M. 译林出版社, 1996.6 金正昆. 涉外礼仪教程M. 中国人民大学出版社, 1998.7 李斌. 国际礼仪与交际礼节M. 世界知识出版社, 1985.8 李天民. 现代国际礼仪
32、知识M. 世界知识出版社, 1999.9 宋长美. 对外交往中的礼仪礼节M. 黑龙江人民出版社,1996.（中文参考文献按拼音顺序排，英文按字母顺序排。英文在上， 中文在下。）论文参考文献书写格式一、参考文献著录格式 1期刊作者.题名J.刊名，出版年，卷(期)：起止页码 2专著作者.书名M.版本(第一版不著录).出版地：出版者，出版年.起止页码 3论文集作者.题名C./编者.论文集名.出版地：出版者，出版年. 是我们关注的重点起止页码 4学位论文作者.题名D.保存地点：保存单位，年份 5专利文献题名P.国别，专利文献种类，专利号.出版日期 6标准标准编号，标准名称S 7报纸作者.题名N.报纸名
33、，出版日期(版次) 8报告作者.题名R.保存地点：年份 9电子文献作者.题名电子文献及载体类型标识.文献出处，日期 ，不主张学生过多使用电子文献，1-2 个 二、文献类型及其标识 1.根据GB3469规定 期刊J 专著M 论文集C 学位论文D 专利P 标准S 报纸N 技术报告R以上文献的内容不是千篇一律，一成不变，面面俱到的，有个别项optional。毕业论文答辩开场白尊敬的主持人、评委老师：早上好，我是09春行政管理本科的学生xxx。我的毕业论文题目是论我国城市公共物品及其供给，指导老师是xxx老师。我的论文从确定题目、拟定提纲到完成初稿、二稿、三稿到最后的定稿，得到了x老师的精心指导，使我
34、很快掌握了论文的写作方法，并在较短的时间内完成了论文的写作。不论今天答辩的结果如何，我都会由衷的感谢指导老师的辛勤劳动，感谢各位评委老师的批评指正。首先，我想谈谈这个毕业论文设计的目的及意义。随着全球经济一体化的突飞猛进,国家之间的经济界限渐趋模糊,但却使国家次级的经济形式城市经济的重要性日渐突出起来,城市之间的竞争正成为国家之间竞争的重要依托。世界各国(地区)政府都正积极致力于培育和提高城市竞争力,而城市公共物品的供给则是推动城市竞争力提高的重要因素,城市公共物品的供给理所当然地受到了各国(地区)政府的高度重视。在二十一世纪的今天,城市化不仅是我国经济增长的一个支撑点,也是增进国民福利的重要
35、手段,若处理不当则会成为我国经济持续高速发展的障碍。未来10几年,中国城市化将进入从40%发展到70%的国际公认的加速发展时期。随着中国城市化进程的日益加快,如何在新的形势下,实现城市公共物品有效地供给以满足城市发展的需要,成为我们当前急需解决的重大问题。为此，研究我国城市公共物品的问题，具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。于是最终将论文题目定为论我国城市公共物品及其供给。其次，说说文章的具体结构。论文阐述了城市公共物品的定义及特点，分析了我国城市公共物品供给不足的现状及城市公共物品供给方式，着重探讨目前提高我国城市公共物品供给的方法：树立“公共财政”观念,转变政府职能 ；加快投资融资体制的改革,加
36、大对城市公共物品的投资 ；改进政府对公共物品生产的管制方法 ；发挥市场与社会的力量,形成供给主体多元化格局等。只有切实做好对城市公共物品的供给，才能使公共物品满足城市公众的需要，更有效地为社会和民众服务。唯有如此，和谐社会的建设才会事半功倍。我想谈谈这篇论文存在的不足：限于各种条件的制约，使得本论文对城市公共物品的供给方式探索不够深入，还需要继续进行思考和探索。最后，再次感谢x老师在我的毕业论文写作过程中所给与的悉心帮助与指导；其次我要感谢各位专业老师在这两年来我的教育与培养，使我初步掌握了行政管理专业的基本知识，还要感谢本专业同学对我的关心与支持，和你们生活在一起的日子很快乐！也很难忘！恳请各位老师、同学们进行批评指正。谢谢大家！