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1、本科毕业论文 跨文化交际与中西文化冲突 学生姓名： 学生学号： 200310206029 院（系）： 外国语学院 年级专业： 2003 级英语本科 4 班 指导教师： 二七年五月 Intercultural Communication and the Conflicts between Chinese Culture and Western Culture WangWei Under the Supervision of Huang Tianhong School of Foreign Languages and Cultures Panzhihua University May 2007 攀
2、枝花学院本科毕业论文 Contents Contents Abstract.I Key WordsI 摘 要.II 关键词.II Introduction1 I. The Frequent Conflicts Appearing in Intercultural communication Between Chinese Culture and Western Culture2 A. The Conflicts on Privacy2 B. The Conflicts on the Sense of Time.2 C. The Conflicts on Traditional Cultures
3、3 D. The Conflicts on Table Custom .3 . The Reasons Leading to the Cultural Conflict.4 A. The Difference in the Mode of Thinking.4 B. The Difference in Behavior4 C. The Difference in the Concept of Value.5 D. The Difference in Language Transference.6 . How to Improve the ability of Intercultural com
4、munication and avoid the culture Conflicts in English Teaching6 A. Transforming the Teaching Concept of the Teachers7 B. Improving the Present Available Teaching Methods.7 C.Putting Emphasis on the Training of Non-language Communicative ability8 D. Asking the Students to Read More Materials about We
5、stern Cultures8 . The Significance of Studying Intercultural Communication.9 A. Studying Intercultural Communication Can Reduce the Communicative Obstacles.9 B. Studying Intercultural Communication Can Reduce the Communicative Conflicts9 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 Contents C. Studying Intercultural Communication C
6、an Widen Peoples Visual and Promote Culture Communication .10 Conclusion12 Acknowledgements13 Bibliography.14 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 Abstract I Abstract There are many matters of cultural conflicts in intercultural communication of Chinese culture and western culture, and it seriously affects the course of com
7、munication. So, it is necessary for us to find the in-depth reason and make some plans on how to improve the ability of intercultural communication. This is the right way to avoid the cultural conflicts. There are several culture conflicts: the conflicts on privacy, the conflicts on the sense of tim
8、e, the conflicts on traditional cultures, the conflicts on table custom. The reasons are: the difference in the mode of thinking, the difference in behavior, the difference in the concept of value, the difference in language transference. Key Words Intercultural communication, culture difference, cu
9、lture conflict 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 摘要 II II 摘 要 在中西跨文化交际中，文化冲突的事件屡见不鲜，严重影响了交往的顺利进行，因此 我们很有必要找出其深层次的原因，并采取一定的措施来培养跨文化交际能力，避免文化 冲突。文化冲突的表现有隐私方面的冲突、时间观方面的冲突、客套语方面的冲突、餐饮 习俗方面的冲突。出现这种现象的原因有思维模式存在差异、行为规范各不相同、价值取 向不同、语用迁移造成影响。 关键词 跨文化交际，文化差异，文化冲突 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 Introduction 1 1 Introduction After the Second World War
10、, people find that the earth becomes smaller and smaller: politicians from each country are busy in communication on the intercultural stage; international companies are found everywhere; scientists and scholars exist in international academic forum; more and more people visit foreign countries, Chi
11、nese teachers stand on the platform of foreign countries, ect. All in all, International communication becomes so frequent. At the same time, we can see the conflicts and problems in intercultural communication again and again: one countrys president think that the gesture means friendly, but it enr
12、ages another countrys people; some businessmen from foreign countries come to China to do business but failed and left with complaint; the teachers coming from England and America say Chinese students dont cooperate with them; some Chinese people go to America to study, but, after a short time, they
13、 give up the plan, and come back to China With the further development of the reform and opening to the outside world, the people and the matter in western societies have come in to our visual field more and more. Under the situation, the economic and the social communication in different countries,
14、 different nationalities and different cultures become a part of peoples life. This gives us a chance to get in touch with western people and this is a good thing for deepening our understanding of western society. But, this is not an easy thing. Because the things we face are coming from strange cu
15、ltures and countries, and the people we communicate with are different from us in thinking, life custom, and behavior. It is unavoidable for the phenomenon of culture conflicts to appear in the course of communicating with others. 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 Body 2 2 I. The frequent conflicts appeared in intercultu
16、ral communication between Chinese culture and western culture There are many culture conflicts in intercultural communication between Chinese cultural and western culture, it is impossible for us to list them out one by one. Here, some frequent conflicts are listed out. A. The conflicts on privacy T
17、he privacy sense of Chinese people is comparatively weak. Chinese people think individual should belong to the collective; they think people should be united and fraternal; they think people should care for each other. So, Chinese people are willing to know the other peoples things and the others al
18、so want to tell them. But western people attach great importance to the personal privacy. They want to have personal space and they are not willing to tell others their own things, they do not even want others to interfere their life. So, there are many conflicts on privacy between Chinese people an
19、d western people. For example, when Chinese people meet each other the first time, they would like to inquire about the others age, marriage, family, profession and even their income. They think this is a polite way to communicate with each other, but western people believe these questions encroach
20、upon their privacy. B. The conflicts on the sense of time The sense of time of western people is closely related with money. The idea that Time is money has formed in their thought. So, they set a high value on their time. In the daily time, western people have a meticulous plan about their time and
21、 they have a good habit of coming to date on time. In western countries, if you want to call on someone, you must inform them or date with them before you come and you should tell them your coming purpose, the time and the place. After both of you discuss about it, you can make it out. But, Chinese
22、people use their time at their pleasure. Usually, Chinese people will not do things as the western people, and western people usually feel unsuitable on this course. Most western people spend their time in 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 Body 3 3 working and studying, they seldom spend a lot time in eating or doing som
23、ething else. But Chinese people spend much time on other things. For example, when western people come to KFC to have a meal, they eat their food as soon as possible, but, the Chinese people in KFC show another situation. They eat their food slowly and chat with each other. They do not think this is
24、 a way to waste time. C. The conflicts on traditional cultures Chinese people pay special attention to modesty. When they communicate with others, they often respect others but look down upon themselves. They think this is a virtue and this is a polite phenomenon with Chinese characteristics. When o
25、thers praise Chinese people, they often show very modest. Western countries do not have this phenomenon, when they are praised, they are often very happy and say “thank you” to others to show they accept the praise. Because of the cultural difference, Chinese people often hold that western people ar
26、e too confident and ignorant of the fact that modesty is one kind of politeness in Chinese cultures. But, when western people know Chinese people do not agree with others when others praise them or when western people know Chinese people deny their own achievement, western people will feel very surp
27、rised, they think Chinese people are not honest. D. The conflicts on table custom Chinese nationality has a excellent tradition of enthusiasm and hospitality. In the settings of social communication or on the banquet, the enthusiastic Chinese people often give cigarettes to others and drink with eac
28、h other. When Chinese people hold a party, even there are a lot foods on the table, the host often say some conventional sentences such as “There is not much food” or “This is but a homely meal”(招待不周， 没什么好吃的). The host sometimes gets some foods for the guest and put them to the guests bowl and they
29、try many ways to let the guest drink more and eat more. But in western countries, people attach importance to personal authority and personal privacy. So, they will not force others to do any thing. When they have a meal, they will not get some food for the guests, the guests eat what they want to e
30、at, they will also not ask the guests to drink and drink till they get drunk. 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 Body 4 4 . The reasons leading to the cultural conflict There are varied of reasons which caused the culture conflicts between China and western countries. The basic reason is that China and western countries h
31、ave different culture, different history background. All of these will surely bring the difference of peoples mode of thinking, difference of behavior, thus conflicts can hardly be avoided. A. The difference in the mode of thinking Culture has an effect on peoples view and cognition. Different count
32、ries have different cultures. So, the difference in peoples thinking way must exist. You can easily find such difference between Chinese culture and western culture. When western people think, they would like to attach importance to logic and analysis, While Chinese people value intuition which is t
33、he characteristic of Chinese traditional mode of thinking. Due to the great influence of this traditional culture, Chinese people pay great attention to intuition, experience and the feeling in the course of communication, and they often use this experience and feeling to communicate with people. Co
34、mpared with the thinking way of the western people, the mode of thinking of Chinese people has obvious vagueness, after a long time, it forms their thinking way. It can be explained as the classifying feeling course of distinguishing and simplifying o outside objects. Looking from the essence, Chine
35、se peoples thinking way often neglects the difference of individual objects and exaggerates the recognitive attitude of other social masses. It often bear a persons own emotion, accompanied with fixed faith. In all of Chinese peoples thinking ways, some are right but some are wrong. They will affect
36、 the intercultural communication directly and cause the failed communication. B. The difference in behavior The specific meaning of behavior is the moral standard and action standard. In simple words, it is a standard that just tell people what they can do and what they can not do. When people comin
37、g from different cultures communicate with each other, a 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 Body 5 5 phenomenon that people usually use their own social behavior standard to judge if others behavior is reasonable or not. Because of the difference of the behavior standard, it always causes misunderstanding, unhappiness or
38、even worse result. For example, Chinese people like tapping the childrens head to show their friendliness. But in western countries, this is a very disrespectful gesture. Their parents will be very angry if they see someone does this to their child. So, whether you can recognize and use behavior sta
39、ndard correctly in the intercultural communication is a very important factor to ensure intercultural communication to go successfully. To guarantee the successful intercultural communication, one must understand the others behavior standard, especially, one must know what behavior standard is. Then
40、 he can avoid the troubles. C. The difference in the concept of value Peoples communicative ability always emerges in the development of society. Therefore, it has close relationship with the concept of value. Every culture has its own specific value system. This system can help people to distinguis
41、h beauty from ugliness, kindness from evil. This is peoples life philosophy, moral standard and behavior standard. But it can exist without specific culture. Each culture has its different judgement standard. In this kind of culture people think it is good, while in another culture people think it i
42、s bad. But each culture has its enough reasons to exist in its own cultural system. People can not think one value standard is advanced and another standard is not advanced. Taking Chinese culture and western culture as an example, in Chinese culture, people like modesty and politeness and they purs
43、ue adapting themselves to circumstances. Chinese people do not like to compete with others, and Chinese social tendency dislike the individual who likes showing himself or herself off. If one person appears much stronger than any other people, he will be surely kept away from others, just as a Chine
44、se idiom goes, a tall tree catches the winda person in a high position is liable to be attacked. In Chinese culture, the collective value is in the leading position. Pursuing individual development is viewed as a serious individualism, and it will be blamed. But in western culture, 攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 Body
45、6 6 individualism is generally recognized by people. “Adapting oneself to circumstances” is viewed as a behavior that lack enterprise, it is the synonym of laziness and disability and it is abandoned by society and individual. Western people like to concern and judge something by themselves, and the
46、y would try their best to realize personal ideas. D. The difference in language transference The evaluation and explanation that people give the phenomena and affairs they see are built on the base of their own culture. Some people meet troubles in intercultural communication. One reason is that the
47、y neglect the language transference. The rule of using language is different because of the difference of culture. One can explain something in its own culture, but fail to do so in another culture. The basic reason is that people lack the sensation of the difference of social language. They will us
48、e language transference unconsciously. The result of this action is very serious, and it can even bring big economic loss. Chinas woolen industry gets a good evaluation all over the world. There is a delicate woolen quilt tick produced in the north region. Its Chinese trade mark is “ShuangYang”. The
49、 trade mark is translated to “Goats” in English, as the result, the commodity sells badly in western countries. The reason is that “goat” this word has a meaning of “sex manias” besides the original meaning. Having this English trade mark, even if the quality of this woolen quilt tick is very good and people