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1、 绿色建筑 摘 要：绿色建筑是指尽力最大限度地节约资源(能源、土地、水、木)、保护环境,减少污染在它的生命周期。为人们提供健康、适当、有效利用空间,与自然和谐共生的建筑物。我所说的那样,绿色建筑设计的更多细节的概念,绿色建筑的设计,以及概念的意义,绿色建筑和改善效能分析的绿色建筑的外部效应的措施。关键词：绿色建筑 保护生态 意义 分析其影响1 引言绿色建筑是指建造生命周期,最大限度地节约资源(能源、土地、水及材料),保护环境,减少污染,为人们提供健康、应用和有效利用空间,与自然和谐的建筑。所谓的绿色建筑的“绿色”并不意味着一般意义的三维绿色屋顶花园,但是表现一个概念或符号,是指建设环境友好,充
2、分利用自然资源、环境和生态破坏环境的基本不平衡的一座正在建设,但也被称为可持续发展建筑,eco-building,回到野外施工、节能建筑。绿色建筑内部布局是很合理的,以尽量减少使用合成材料、充分利用太阳、节约能源为居民创造自然的感觉。人、建筑与自然环境和谐发展的目标,在利用天然和人工手段来创造了良好的条件及健康生活环境的前提下,尽可能多地控制和减少使用和破坏自然环境,充分体现了回归大自然获取和平衡。2 绿色建筑的意义绿色建筑的基本内涵可以概括为:为减少负载对环境的建筑中,节约能源和资源,提供一个安全、健康、舒适的居住空间,具有亲和力和良好的自然环境,使人们和建筑与自然环境和谐共生的可持续发展。
3、3 发展绿色建筑评级的意义系统绿色建筑评价指标体系建立的一场革命,在这一领域的建筑及其启示,它远比节能技术。在许多方面,这是创新和有机合成,从而建筑与自然和谐共处、充分利用资源和能源,创造健康、舒适、优美的生活空间。这是该领域的技术、社会和经济角度的革命性的架构。3.1 技术意义绿色建筑的研究早期出现的技术问题,技术是孤立的和片面的,没有形成一个有机的整体,一体化的设计和经济研究的意识是远离唯一的策略的经济分析阶段的子公司的知识。然而,个人技术研究成果的早期现代绿色建筑技术的多维发展和系统集成打下坚实的基础。20世纪90年代以来,随着逐渐加深理解绿色建筑和成熟,人们放弃他独自思考方式过于理想化
4、道德约束和环境意识和行为,转向自发的绿色环境哲学探索更多的可操作、环境和资本结合成未来世界发展的新方向的环保、绿色建筑的生态伦理思想的输入结果从实践的深化促进生态研究的新阶段。绿色建筑技术呈现出自然科学、社会科学、人文科学、计算机科学、信息科学和其他学科的研究成果一体化的趋势,使绿色建筑设计的多维阶段的发展战略研究。绿色建筑技术的深入发展战略、形态、材料、设备等领域,在各类先进的技术开发、技术和其他设计元素的集成也从过去的简单相加,更多地关注的周边围护结构本身设计技术与建筑结合的整体系统的变化,逐渐成为绿色建筑体系。绿色建筑评级系统建立起了绿色建筑技术逐步改善、系统化的必然结果,是绿色建筑技术
5、的有机结合,一个平台建造绿色建筑技术、信息技术、计算机技术和许多其他的学科可以统一平台在他们各自的角色,建立了综合评价指标体系的基础上,为设计师、规划师、工程师和管理者提供一个比以往任何时候都更简单,规章明确的绿色建筑评估。3.2 社会意义绿色建筑评级制度反映了社会意义的主要倡导者的新的生活方式,增加了知识和公众参与当地文化的延续的两个方面。提倡健康的生活方式。绿色建筑评级制度,对社会发展的意义主要倡导健康的生活方式,它是基于设计、施工的绿色建筑作为社区教育的过程。原则的绿色建筑评价指标体系的有效利用资源和生态的规则可循,基于健康的建筑空间创造和保持可持续发展。在过去的概念来纠正人们的误解,消
6、费者的生活方式,不能一味追求物质奢侈,但是应该保持环境的可持续利用的前提下追求生活的舒适。谦虚从建设的基本条件,是为了满足人类的需要建立人民的物质资料和生活方式、文化意识名字是不能持久的价值时,绿色建筑本身将会减轻,但只有一个真正的社会时需要可持续发展的要求和生活方式符合绿色建筑取得最好的结果。提高公众参与意识。绿色建筑评级制度不是垄断为设计人员所专业的工具,但是规划师,设计师,工程师,经理,发展商、,共同拥有的公共和其他的评估工具。它打破了先前的专业化发展垄断企业,鼓励了公众的参与和其他的政府官员的欺压。通过引入公众参与、及其他建筑使用者的建筑师、建设对话参与者,使得原有设计过程主要由建筑师
7、越来越开放。证明了各种各样的视图的介入和良好的帮助来创建一个动态的文化,体现社会公平的社区。3.3 经济意义绿色建筑评级制度,经济意义可分为宏观和微观两个层面。从宏观层面上,绿色建筑评级系统的生命周期的角度,从系统的绿色环保建筑的设计融入经济议题涉及生产从建筑材料、设计、施工、运营、资源使用、废弃物排放、废物循环利用的自然资源的拆除,直到整个过程。经济因素的绿色建筑已不再局限于设计过程本身,而政策一直延伸到设计的狭小的作用,来支持政策层面上,包括建立“绿色标签”制度,提高施工环境审计和管理体制,加大和实施能源消耗,污染物排放税和其他行为的努力,提高环境保护的法律制度,从增加政府建设项目的可持续
8、性经济上的支持和提高商品的成本,不污染环境的建设起到了成本,为绿色建筑设计和建设创造一个良好的外部环境。这一目标是不完全的责任的政府机构,作为建筑师参与设计工作是一个声音的义务责任制度的建议,因为只有最实践需要的是真实的而且迫在眉睫。在相关的政策议题在绿色建筑设计策略、建筑系统解决的经济问题面临的重要方面。在微观层面上,当前从经济的角度设计策略是更为充分考虑经济的项目运作,并确定了具体的设计策略和相应调整。3.4 伦理意义绿色建筑评级制度,其理论基础的可持续发展的理念,因此,是否每个国家的评价体系在结构上有多大的不同,他们都有一个共同点:减轻负担的生态环境,提高施工质量环境,为未来几代人的发展
9、,仍有足够的空间。这从根本上改变人类的自然景观,突然盲目的态度,反映着人们的关系的认识人与自然之间的反对党统一的变化。根据当前的全球能源储备和资源分布、地球上的自然环境也是远离边缘的疲惫,足够的人享受的奢侈生活现代材料。但是现在我们必须消耗资源,这意味着将来的人会更少的生活空间。更重要的是,如果我们吃了自然环境超过可限制自强,那么未来的年轻一代正在面临着地球的生态系统不能收回的风险成为一个真正的危机。因此我们可以说,绿色建筑的发展及其相应的评价体系,是为了更多的当代人们的责任和义务；为更多的利益和未来世代的发展利益。4 绿色建筑的设计节能:充分利用太阳能、使用节能建筑的信封和暖气和空调、减少暖
10、气和空调的使用。按设定的原则,自然通风冷却系统,允许高效地利用建筑对主导风向在夏天，建筑结构形式和总体布局适应当地的气候条件。节约资源:在建筑设计、施工和选择的建筑材料,被认为是合理使用和处理的资源。减少使用的资源,力求利用可再生资源。节约水资源,包括水土保持和绿化。回归自然:绿色建筑外观强调与周围环境、和谐、运动的整合,与自然生态环境的保护是相辅相成的。5 绿色建筑的效果5.1 绿色建筑的效果绿色建筑的影响包括内部和外部的影响效应,直接的好处和直接成本作为内部的效果,如大家知道的间接利益和间接成本的外部效应,根据工程经济学的角度来看:内部效果得到财务评价、外部效果要经济评价、经济评价是基于所
11、谓的稀缺资源的合理配置和社会经济的可持续发展原则,从整体的角度,研究国民经济的项目支出的社会资源和贡献给社会带来的评估项目的经济合理性,通常包括行业外部效应的影响,环境与生态的影响、技术扩散效应、外部效应将导致私人成本(内部成本或间接成本和社会成本的不一致)的实际价格,导致不同于最优惠的价格。从可持续发展的视角,绿色建筑评价效果的主要指标是外部性效果。自始自终的发展绿色建筑的统一的量化指标体系还没有建立起来,我认为应该从以下几个方面应分析:(1)严格控制建筑行业、规模、限制员工数量。粗放型的增长模型的斗争,集中建设方案,施工过程中利用人类的波的战术,一旦国家限定公司经营规模的建筑,甚至会形成“
12、适当”,这也不会降低机械化程度、劳动、较低的水平。(2)更多投资于技术,更新技术,建立和完善机制,科学、技术设备。把注意力集中在建筑技术的发展和应用,结合工程的特点,今后的建设,有计划的科学技术研究开发的新机器、新工艺、新材料,积极引进、吸收国内外同行业先进的科技成果的科学和技术,提高水平的机械化。(3)在城市规划、勘察、设计通过“绿色建筑”的想法。家庭住房和城市建设或者变更必须呆在房间里,从照明、通风、排水等控制对环境的损害。(4)建设工作中减少资源消耗、生产过程,对施工过程中应采取节能措施,以防止过度消耗土地资源、水资源、电力资源。5.2 绿色建筑应对建筑经济的挑战受政府控制的干预,在一定
13、程度上对有效的资源配置,加强节能强制性标准的实施对工程建设监理。要进一步提高建筑能源监测体系,加强建筑节能标准的强制为了落实项目实施为主要内容的整个过程的监控,特别是对于大型公共建筑,提高建筑能源监管,体现在工程造价方面的外部成本成为内部成本,使非绿色建设”项目的内部成本,内部效率和减少外部成本的绿色建筑,外部效率的提高,以便有效的使经济资源的合理流动的绿色建筑。在新经济时代企业架构来获得竞争优势,提高外部效果只有不断开发的方法和手段,提高效率,降低成本外,外部的基本思想和原则:(1)建设对自然资源的生命周期和能源消耗最小;(2)减少建造生命周期的排放量;(3)保护生态(天然)环境;(4)形成
14、一种健康、舒适、安全的室内空间;(5)建筑的施工质量、功能、性能和环境的统一。6 总结：上面所描述的是绿色建筑的设计与分析其有效性和提高绿色建筑的外部效应的措施。但如何设计绿色建筑的未来需要某种程度的实践来让我们试图理解,我相信绿色建筑将成为未来建设的一种趋势。参考文献1 贺珉 朱华威. 绿色建筑与建筑节能M.浙江建筑出版社 2009年第10期.2 张绫军 汤猛.绿色建筑M.中国建筑工业出版社.1998年5月第一版.Green Building (University of Texas School of green building Dax 114200)Abstract: Green bu
15、ilding refers to do its best to maximize conservation of resources (energy, land, water, and wood)，protecting the environment and reduce pollution in its life cycle. Provide people with healthy, appropriate and efficient use of space, and nature in harmony symbiosis buildings. I described more detai
16、ls of green building design notion, green building design, as well as the significance of the concept of green building and improve the effectiveness analysis of the external effects of green building measures.Key words: green buildings protect the ecology signification analysing the effects1 What i
17、s a green building Green building refers to building life cycle, the maximum conservation of resources (energy, land, water and materials), protecting the environment and reduce pollution, provide people with health, application and efficient use of space, and nature harmony of the building. The so-
18、called green building green does not mean a general sense of three-dimensional green, roof garden, but represents a concept or symbol, refers to building environmentally friendly, make full use of natural resources, environment and basic ecological damage to the environment without balance of a buil
19、ding under construction, but also known as sustainable building, eco-building, back into the wild construction, energy saving construction. Green building interior layout is very reasonable, to minimize the use of synthetic materials, full use of the sun, saving energy for the residents Chuangzao al
20、most-natural feeling. People, architecture and the natural environment for the harmonious development goals, in the use of natural and artificial means to create good conditions and healthy living environment, as much as possible to control and reduce the use and destruction of the natural environme
21、nt, to fully reflect the nature obtain and return balance. 2 the meaning of green building The basic connotation of green building can be summarized as: to reduce the load on the environment architecture, which save energy and resources; provide a safe, healthy, comfortable living space with good; a
22、ffinity with the natural environment, so that people and building a harmonious coexistence with the environment and sustainable development. 3 Development of the significance of green building rating system Establish green building rating system is a revolution in the field of architecture and the E
23、nlightenment, its far more than energy savings. It is innovative in many ways and organic synthesis, thereby building in harmony with nature, full utilization of resources and energy, create healthy, comfortable and beautiful living space. Its revolutionary for the field of architecture from the tec
24、hnical, social and economic angles. 3.1 Technical Significance Green building study of early technical problems of individual-based, technology is isolated and one-sided, not formed an organic whole, the integration of design and economic study of consciousness is far from the only strategy of econo
25、mic analysis phase of the subsidiarys knowledge . However, individual technical research results of early modern green building techniques for the multi-dimensional development and systems integration will lay a solid foundation. Since the nineties of the 20th century, with the understanding of gree
26、n building gradually deepen and mature, people give up way too utopian thinking He alone environmental consciousness and moral constraints and spontaneous green behavior, turned to explore more workable environmental philosophy, environmental and capital combined into the future world the new direct
27、ion of development of environmental protection, green building has entered a result of ecological ethics from the practice of promoting ecological research to deepen the new stage. Green Building Technology takes on the natural sciences, social sciences, humanities, computer science, information sci
28、ence and other subjects the trend of integration of research results, making green building design into the multi-dimensional stage of development strategy study. The deepening of green building technology strategy and development in materials, equipment, morphology, etc various advanced fields, in
29、technology development, technology and other design elements of the integration is also starting from the past the simple addition, more attention to the periphery of the retaining structure itself design technology and architecture to combine the overall system change, gradually becoming green buil
30、ding systems. Green building rating system was established green building technologies gradually improve and systematize the inevitable result, it is the organic integration of green building technology, a platform built to green building technology, information technology, computer technology and m
31、any other subjects can be a unified platform in their respective roles, the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system for designers, planners, engineers and managers a more than ever, a more simple, Guizhangmingque green building assessment tools and design guidelines. 3.2 The social signif
32、icanceGreen building rating system reflects the social significance of the main advocates of the new way of life, heightened awareness and public participation in the continuation of local culture are two aspects. To promote a healthy lifestyle. Green building rating system, the social significance
33、of the primary advocate a healthy lifestyle, which is based on the design and construction of green buildings as a community education process. The principles of green building rating system is the effective use of resources and ecological rules to follow, based on the health of building space to cr
34、eate and maintain sustainable development. The concept of the past to correct peoples misconceptions about consumer lifestyles, that can not blindly pursue material luxury, but should keep the environment under the premise of sustainable use of modest comfort to pursue life. From the fundamental ter
35、ms, construction is to meet human needs built up of material goods as peoples Wenhuayishi Name and lifestyle is not sustainable when, the value of green building itself will be reduced, but only had a real social need When the requirements of sustainable development and way of life that matches the
36、green building to achieve the best results. Enhanced awareness of public participation. Green Building Rating system is not a monopoly for the design staff of professional tools, but for planners, designers, engineers, managers, developers, property owners, jointly owned by the public and other asse
37、ssment tools. It broke the previous professional development of the monopoly to encourage the participation of the public and other public officers. Through public participation, the introduction of architects and other building users, the construction of dialogue participants, making the original d
38、esign process dominated by the architect becomes more open. Proved the involvement of various views and a good help to create a dynamic culture, embody social justice community. 3.3 The economic significanceGreen building rating system, the economic significance can be divided into macro and micro l
39、evels. At the macro level, the green building rating system from the system life-cycle perspective, the green building design integrated into the economic issues involved in the production from the building materials, design, construction, operation, resource use, waste disposal, recycling of demoli
40、tion until the natural resources the whole process. Economic considerations of green building is no longer limited to the design process itself, while the policy extended to the design of the narrow role to play to support the policy level, including the establishment of green labeling system, impro
41、ving the construction environmental audit and management system, increase and construction-related energy consumption, pollutant emissions and other acts of tax efforts, improve the legal system of environmental protection, from the increase in government construction projects on the sustainability
42、of economic support and raise the cost to the construction of polluting the environment acts as the costs for green buildings design and construction to create a favorable external environment. This goal is not entirely the responsibility of government agencies, as the architects involved in design
43、work as a sound system of responsibility for recommendations obligations, because only the most from the practice of the need is real and urgent. The related policy issues in green building design strategies, building a system to solve the economic problems facing the important aspects. At the micro
44、 level, the current from the economic point of Design Strategy is more fully consider the economic operation of the project, and specific technical strategies accordingly adjusted. 3.4 Ethical Significance Green building rating system, the theoretical basis of the concept of sustainable development,
45、 therefore, whether the evaluation system of each country how much difference in structure, they all have one thing in common: reduce the burden of ecological environment, improve construction quality of the environment for future generations to remain the development of there is room. This radicall
46、y change the long-sought human blindly to the natural attitude, reflecting peoples understanding of the relationship between man and nature by the opposition to the uniform change. According to the current distribution, the Earths natural environment is also far from the edge of exhaustion, enough p
47、eople enjoy the luxury of contemporary material life. But now we have to consume a resource, it means that future generations will be less of a living space. More importantly, if we consume the natural environment more than it can limit self-renewal, then the future of the younger generation is faci
48、ng the planets ecosystems can not recover the risk into a real crisis. Therefore we can say, the development of green buildings and their corresponding evaluation system, for more contemporary people is the responsibility and obligations. For more the interests of future generations and advantages.
49、4 green building design Saving energy: full use of solar energy, using energy-efficient building envelope and heating and air conditioning, reducing heating and air conditioning use. Set according to the principle of natural ventilation cooling system that allows efficient use of building to the dominant wind direction in summer. Adapted to local climat