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1、本科毕业论文像鲁滨逊一样在逆境中创造精彩学生姓名： 学生学号： 200310206043 院（系）： 外国语学院 年级专业： 2003级英语本科3班 指导教师： 二七年五月The Creation of Splendor in Adversity like Robinson CrusoeZhou YumeiUnder the Supervision ofFan Xiying School of Foreign Languages and CulturesPanzhihua UniversityMay 2007攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 ContentsContentsAbstract.IKey W
2、ords .I摘要.I关键词IIntroduction.1I. Robinsons Attitudes Towards the Adversity Reflected from His Twenty-eight Years Life on the Island.2 ALearning to Lose in Adversity.2B. Making Plans for the Future on the Island .4C .Learning to Bring Forth New Ideas When He Is Short of the Necessity.5D. Being Perseve
3、rant.6II. Present Situation of Dealing with Adversity.7A .The Causes of Dealing with Adversity Improperly.7B. Some Wrong Ideas of Dealing with Adversity.8III .The Ways of Dealing with Adversity Properly.9A. Being Cognizant of the Adversity Properly.9B. Facing up to Adversity with Hope.10C. Making a
4、Plan for the Future.10D. Learning to Bring Forth New Ideas11E. Being Perseverant.12Conclusion.14Acknowledgements.15Bibliography.16攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 AbstractAbstractRobinson Crusoe is a legendary person created by Daniel Defoe. He survived on a lonely island for twenty-eight years with his amazing willpowe
5、r. And finally he overcame the adversity and created the splendor of his own life. When he was confronting adversity, he knew to lose is another way to gain, and he made plans for his future life. He did everything according to certain plans. And he never gave up. Nowadays, people live in a better s
6、ociety. Nobody would have the experiences like Robinsons, but people may come across some difficulty or adversity. When they are confronting the adversity, they should adjust their attitudes, make plans for the future actively, be good at bringing forth new ideas in adversity, and never give up the
7、hope to get out of it, struggle against it indomitably like Robinson Crusoe. Eventually they will get out of the adversity, and create the splendor of their own lives.Key Wordsadversity; hope; innovation; perseverance; splendorI攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 摘要摘要鲁滨逊是笛福创造出来的一个传奇人物，他以自己顽强的毅力和坚强的意志在孤岛上生活了二十八年之久，并且最终战胜了艰苦
8、的环境，创造出了人生中的精彩。鲁滨逊在面对逆境的时候，懂得失去也是一种获得，不断地为将来做打算，凡事都有计划，有安排，并且从没有放弃过获救的希望。现代社会的人们生活在物质优越的环境下，也许不会有像鲁滨逊一样的经历，但生活中总会遇到一定的坎坷或逆境，面对逆境人们应该像鲁滨逊一样调整好心态，积极地为将来做打算，有计划地安排生活，并且善于在逆境中发现、创造，永不放弃走出逆境的希望，顽强地与逆境作斗争，从而创造出自己人生的精彩。 关键词逆境；希望；创新；坚持；精彩攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 BodyIntroductionIt is well known that Robinson Crusoe is a
9、 great character by Daniel Defoe. Though Robinson is a fictitious great person, he tells people the truth that we should confront the adversity properly.Robinson Crusoes life is full of legends. He was born in a good family in the city of York. Owing to his rambling thoughts about going to the sea,
10、he broke loose to be a sailor against his parents will. Unfortunately, he was caught by the Morning and became a slave at the African shore. Because of the unbearable life, he escaped from his Patron in a boat. Then he was saved by a freighter. And he was sent to Brazils safely. He became rich by pl
11、antation. But when some one suggested going to the sea to buy and sell Negroes, he surrendered himself to his dream again. Then he stepped on his way to navigation to Africa. On the way there, they were caught in a violent storm, which brought death to everyone except Robinson. He was driven by the
12、current and drifted to an island and was saved. Since then he began his life on the island.Robinsons life on the island is the most wonderful part of the whole story. Robinsons twenty-eight years life on the island is acclaimed as the acme of perfection. Confronting such an adversity, Robinson showe
13、d his amazing willpower and staunch life-force. He also showed people how to deal with adversity in life. Under such an adverse circumstance, he overcame various difficulties and created splendor of his life. Nowadays, people will not have Robinsons experiences. But people will run into various adve
14、rsities. How will people confront adversity? In real life, nobodys life is plain sailing. There will always be some bump or adversity. When people are thrown into such surroundings, they are always full of remorse, not knowing what to do. Learning from Robinsons experiences, people should learn his
15、methods and attitudes towards adversity, confront adversity properly and create splendor of their own lives.3I. Robinsons Attitudes towards the Adversity Reflected from His Twenty-eight Years Life on the IslandRobinsons life is full of various adversities, and especially his 28 years life on the isl
16、and is the most arduous one of the all. And the experience of living on the island can show best his attitudes towards the adversity. It is showed in the following aspects:A . Learning to Lose in AdversityRobinson is not a person who was born with courage to confront the adversity. He is not a man w
17、ho is eager to live stably. But owing to his rebellious thoughts about sailing, he is always faced with various adversities. Why can he deal with the adversity well? It is his attitude that is the most important factor.When the adversity comes, is he happy? No. Just as he said, he had a dismal prosp
18、ect of his condition. It is easy to see that Robinson also felt miserable. Though the adversity came unexpectedly, and Robinson also complained about his condition in the beginning, he can convert his thought to another one:But something always returned swift upon me to check these thoughts, and to
19、reprove me; and particularly one day, walking with my gun in my hand by the seaside, I was very pensive upon the subject of my present condition, when Reason, as it were, expostulated with me tother way, thus: “Well, you are in a desolate condition, tis true, but pray remember, where are the rest of
20、 you? Did not you come eleven of you into the boat? Where are the ten? Why were not they saved and you lost? Why were you singled out? Is it better to be here, or there?” And then I pointed to the sea. All evils are to be considered with the good that is in them and with what worse attends them. (Da
21、niel Defoe, 49)It is his transposing thoughts that changed his attitudes towards life. When he felt miserable about his condition, he thought of his companions misfortunes. He understood that his condition is not bad compared with them. As he said: “All evils are to be considered with the good that
22、is in them and with what worse attends them.” It is just the same as the truth that to lose is another way to gain. There is no doubt that Robinson lost many things, such as his companions, his comfortable lifeBut he got more. He was survived, which is the most important for him. That is enough. Lif
23、e is everything. Where there is life, there is hope.Besides, Robinson knew how to set the good against the evil to enjoy the comforts.EVILI am cast upon a horrible desolate island, void of all hope of recovery. I am singled out and separated, as it were, from all the world to be miserable. I am divi
24、ded from mankind, a solitaire, one banished from human society. I have not clothes to cover me. I am without any defense or means to resist any violence of man or beast. I have no soul to speak to, or relieve me. GOODBut I am alive, and not drowned, as all my ships company was. But I am singled out,
25、 too, from all the ships crew to be spared from death; and he that miraculously saved me from death can deliver me from this condition. But I am not starved and perishing on a barren place, affording no sustenance. But I am in a hot climate, where if I had clothes I could hardly wear them. But I am
26、cast on an island, where I see no wild beasts to hurt me, as I saw on the of Africa. And what if I had been shipwrecked there? But God wonderfully sent the ship in near enough to the shore that I have gotten out so many necessary things as will either supply my wants, or enable me to supply myself e
27、ven as long as I live. (Daniel Defoe, 52)3It is just as Robinson said that upon the whole, here was an undoubted testimony, that there was scarce any condition in the world so miserable, but there was something negative or something positive to be thankful for in it; and let this stand as a directio
28、n from the experience of the most miserable of all conditions in the world, that we may always find in it something to comfort ourselves from and to set in the description of good and evil on the credit side of the account.Robinson made a comparison between the evil and good, and understood that he
29、got more than he lost indeed. As time went on, he learned to take more upon the bright side of his condition, and less upon the dark side, and to consider what he enjoyed rather than what he wanted. Somebody thinks that if one gets great prestige, he will lose the freedom that the ordinary have; if
30、one gets enormous wealth, he will lose the ease when he is sleeping; if one gets brisk business, he will lose a lot of timeIn a word, if everyone can think of his own gain and loss seriously, he will find that there is real loss in varying degrees in the process of gaining.B. Making Plans for the Fu
31、ture on the Island so that I had a tolerable view of subsisting without any want as long as I lived; for I considered from the beginning how I would provide for the accidents that might happen and for the time that was to come, even not only after my ammunition should be spent, but even after my hea
32、lth or strength should decay.( Daniel Defoe, 50)From this, people can see that Robinson is a foresighted person. When he ran into the adversity, he could deal with it calmly, and he could consider his future rationally. Some people will lose his reasoning power when he is in a bad condition. But Rob
33、inson made plans for his future life on the island. For example, he made a plan for his daily work: every morning he walked out with his gun for two or three hours if it did not rain, then worked until about eleven oclock, then ate what he had, and lay down to sleep from twelve to two as the weather
34、 was excessively hot, and then continued to work until the evening.He made plan not only for his daily work but also for his food, bullets and7powder. His food was very limited. He always ate cannily. And he tried his best to find something eatable. Some times he went hunting, which he could get som
35、e meat for eating through. And he tried to tame the sheep. Then he got not only milk but also some mutton. His bullets were used cannily and seriously. Only when it is quite necessary, he would use it. As for his powder, he considered it carefully; he separated his stock of powder into many little p
36、arcels to avoid danger. And he used them according to his plan. Because he did not know how long he would live on the island. Owing to his consideration and plans for his future life, he could live on the island for such a long time. Assume that Robinson did not consider his future life and did not
37、make a series of plans for it, he spent his food, bullets casually, and how could he live on? No one knows.C. Learning to Bring Forth New Ideas When He Is Short of the NecessityThough Robinson got a lot of things from the ship that wrecked, he was still short of some necessity, such as a table and a
38、 chair, a basket, some earthen vessels and a stone mortar. When he faced the shortage of the necessity, he did not give up but think of ways to make out those necessities.Without a table, he could not write, eat or do other things. So he set to work and made a table and a chair. He just took the mat
39、erials he had. Though it took him a lot of time and labor, he finished them. And when he needed a basket in his life, he tried many ways to make one. But he failed. Though he knew the methods, he did not have the materials. Observing carefully, he found the twigs which were as tough as the osiers in
40、 England. Then he tried again to make a basket with the twigs. Finally he succeeded.He also tried to make some earthen vessels many times. Owing to the soil structure, he failed again and again. After having labored hard to find the clay, he made some jars and several small things. Because of a happ
41、y accident, he found a broken piece of one of his earthen vessels burnt as hard as a stone, which brought him an idea of burning the whole vessel. Then he did so, and he succeeded in making some vessels and some pots. And he used these vessels and pots in his life. These攀枝花学院本科毕业论文 Bodynecessities g
42、ave him some interest of life. Though he had some certain necessity of life, he was still in lack of a stone mortar. He planted barley and rice, so he needed a stone mortar to pound them into powder to make bread. But he was unqualified for a stonecutter, and the stone was in solid rock which was no
43、t fit for making a stone mortar. After a great deal of time was wasted in searching for it, he gave it up, and resolved to look out for a great block of hard wood. He finished it, and he ate the bread made by himself at last, which provided Robinson more food and made his life more wonderful.As Robi
44、nson said that reason is the substance and original of the mathematics, so by stating and squaring everything by reason and by making the most rational judgment of things, every man may be in time master of every mechanic art. (Daniel Defoe, 58) Robinson had never handled a tool in his life, but he
45、could make out what he wanted through his labor, application and contrivance. He always brought new ideas to solve his problems, which stemmed from the enlightenments in his life. And he made his life on the island more comfortable. It seemed as if it were a kingdom of his own.D.Being PerseverantTwenty-eight years is not a short time. It is difficult to live on an alone island for a person for such a long time. And he must bear the bad condition. But Robinson survived. Though he was unfortunate, he refreshed and began to plan for his own life; though he w