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1、西方马克思主义人本思想探究 西方马克思主义人本思想探究 Researching on the Humanism Thought of Western Marxism【中文摘要】 西方马克思主义不是严格意义上的统一的哲学流派,而是西方各国自称为“马克思主义者”的一些学者要重新解释、修补或重建马克思主义,企图把科学主义或人本主义与马克思主义相“结合”而形成的一种社会思潮。它是在20世纪20年代的特定历史文化背景下形成的,西方一些马克思主义者根植于时代变化,立足于西方资本主义社会现实,在总结俄国十月革命的胜利、西欧和中欧所爆发的一系列革命失败的经验教训的基础上,从新的视角致力于探索不同于俄国社会主义
2、革命道路的发展模式;力图通过对马克思主义的重新诠释和读解,宣扬马克思主义开放性、多元化,以实现马克思主义“现代化”;同时又着重分析社会现实中的种种矛盾与问题,主张通过文化变革来实现建立非压抑的、健全的社会的构想。本文力图阐明西方马克思主义的人本思想。作为当代“人本”话语权中的重要内容的西方马克思主义人本思想,从人的现实境遇、内心世界及文化境况等方面透视人,追问现代人的生存方式、生存价值和意义,倡导人的主体地位与能动作用,主张从现代的“物囚”中解放出来,强调个体的人的需要、自由、利益、人格、个性、幸福,以期实现人的“本真”存在。一、西方马克思主义人本思想概说。从中外学者对西方马克思主义的界说入手
3、,阐述了西方马克思主义的内涵、发展历程及代表人物,进而阐述西方马克思主义人本思想的内涵、产生的社会历史背景及其理论前提。二、论述了西方马克思主义人本思想的基本内容。西方马克思主义从资本主义社会人被异化的现实出发,着眼于人的本真存在与发展,关注人的主体性,通过追问人的本质与存在、解蔽现代人的困境,如人的需要的虚假、人的主体性的错位、人的自由的迷失、人的幸福的遮蔽和人的文化气质的消退等方面来论述他们的人本思想,并寻求人的解放的途径,勾画社会未来蓝图。三、评价西方马克思主义人本思想。西方马克思主义人本思想虽说继承了马克思的基本理论,但在其发展过程中存在一定的缺失与局限,对其缺失与局限我们要予以批判;
4、但他们理论中所体现的批判精神和对人的关注是值得肯定的。我们要借鉴其积极方面,切实践行“以人为本”,促进人的全面发展。【英文摘要】 Content:Western Marxism is not the unified philosophy school,but is one kind of social ideological trend which was formed because some scholars in western countries who called themselves “Marxist” wanted to explain,patch or reconstruct
5、 the Marxism,attempted to integrate scientism or humanism with the Marxism.It was formed in 1920s,some western Marxist explored developing model which was different with Russia socialist revolution from the new angle,and which was based on the time change,capitalist society reality in the west and e
6、xperience of the October Revolution in Russia and the revolution that happened in Western Europe and Central Europe;it tried to publicizes the openness and the multiplication of the Marxism so as to realize “the modernization” through annotating and reading the Marxism;it analyzed emphatically all s
7、orts of contradictions and the questions in the social and advocated realizing the conception of establishing the perfect society through the cultural transformation.This article tries hard to expound humanism thought of western Marxism.The humanism thought of western Marxism perspectives and inquir
8、ies the modern peoples survival way,survival value and the significance from the aspects of realistic circumstances,inner world and cultural condition of human,it initiates human should get main body position and plays a guiding role and should liberate from which controlled by thing,it emphasizes t
9、he individuals need,the freedom, the benefit,the personality,the individuality,the happiness,so at last it hopes to realize the humans real existence.Firstly,the outline of the humanism thought of western Marxism.It elaborates western Marxisms connotation,the developing process and the representativ
10、e persons,based on which it elaborates connotation,social and history background and the theory premise of the humanism thought of western Marxism.Secondly,it elaborates the content of the humanism thought of western Marxism. Embarking from the reality that human was alienated in capitalist society,
11、western Marxism focused on humans real existence and development and paid attention to humans subjectivity it expounded their humanism thought and seek the way to liberate,then outlined the future blueprint of the society through pressing the humans essence and existence and revealing modern peoples
12、 plight,for example,the false of peoples needs,the dislocation of subject,the lost of freedom, the concealment of happiness and the disappearance of the cultural makings.Thirdly,it appraises the humanism thought of western Marxism.Although the humanism thought of western Marxism inherited Marxs elem
13、entary theory,it had certain flaw and limitation,we would criticize them;but it is worth affirming the critical spirit and paying attention to human in their theories.We must use its positive way for reference,fulfills earnestly “people-oriented” and promotes the complete fulfillments of man. 【中文关键词
14、】 西方马克思主义; 人本思想; 以人为本 【英文关键词】 Western Marxism; Humanism thought; People-oriented 【毕业论文目录】摘要 2-3 Abstract 3-4 引言 6-7 一、西方马克思主义人本思想概说 7-18 (一) 西方马克思主义的读解 7-15 1、西方马克思主义的界说 7-12 2、西方马克思主义的发展历程及代表人物 12-15 (二) 西方马克思主义的人本思想 15-18 1、西方马克思主义人本思想的内涵 15-16 2、西方马克思主义人本思想产生的社会历史背景 16-17 3、西方马克思主义人本思想的理论前提 17-18 二、西方马克思主义人本思想的基本内容 18-29 (一) 追问人的本质与存在 19-21 (二) 解蔽现代人的困境 21-26 1、人的需要的虚假 21-22 2、人的主体性的错位 22-23 3、人的自由的迷失 23-24 4、人的幸福的遮蔽 24-25 5、人的文化气质的消退 25-26 (三) 寻求人的解放的途径,勾画社会未来蓝图 26-29 三、西方马克思主义人本思想的评价 29-35 (一) 西方马克思主义人本思想的缺失 30-31 (二) 西方马克思主义人本思想的启示 31-35 结束语 35-37 注释 37-40 参考文献 40-43 后记 43-44