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1、饮食是一种文化。西方餐桌礼仪。可以更好地帮助你了解中西方饮食文化的 不同。 TABLE MANNERS AT A DINNER PARTY People who go to a formal Western dinner party for the first time may be surprised by table manners in Western culture.Knowing them will help you make a good impression.Having good table manners means knowing， for example， how to
2、use knives and forks，when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table.Beside your napkin you will find a small bread roll and three glassesone for white wine，one for red wine，and one for water.There are two pairs of knives and forks on the table，forks on the left and knives on the right of the p
3、late.When you see two spoons，the big one is for the soup and the small one is for the dessert.The knife and fork that is closest to your plate is a little bit bigger than the pair beside them.When you sit down at the table，you can take your napkin，unfold it and put it on your lap.In China you usuall
4、y get a hot， damp cloth to clean your face and hands，which，however，is not the custom in Western countries. Dinner starts with a small dish，which is often called a starter.Some people pray before they start eating，and other people may keep silent for a moment.Then you can say “Enjoy your meal” to eac
5、h other and everybody starts eating.For the starter，which you eat with the smaller pair，you keep the knife in your right hand and the fork in your left.After the starter you will get a bowl of soupbut only one bowl of soup and never ask for a second serving. The next dish is the main course.Many Wes
6、terners think the chicken breast with its tender white flesh is the best part of the bird.Some people can use their fingers when eating chicken or other birds，but never touch beef or other meat on bones.It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate，so dont take more food than you need. At t
7、able，you should try to speak quietly and smile a lot，but do not laugh all the time. 阅读障碍词 1toast n祝酒；干杯 2napkin n餐巾 3tender adj.嫩的 诱思导读 根据短文内容，回答下列问题 1How many knives，forks，glasses，and spoons are there at a formal Western dinner party for each guest? There are two pairs of knives and forks，three gla
8、sses，and two spoons. 2When can people use their fingers at a formal Western dinner party? When eating chicken or other birds. Section Warming Up，Pre- -reading they knew what was still to come.But I was already so full that I could only watch as the banquet continued. 使我惊奇的是，更多的菜又被端上来了，另外还有汤、小菜及甜点。这些
9、菜 够一个军队的人吃了。怪不得跟我一起的客人每道菜也就浅尝几口；他们知道还 有什么菜要上呢。但是我已经吃得太饱了，对于下面的菜只有看着的份了。 助读讲解 本句是 so .that .结构作结果状语， 其中还包含了一个 as 引导 的时间状语从句。 Another aspect of “food culture” is that the Chinese seem to eat almost every part of every animal much to the horror of many westerners.Stomach, intestines(肠), ears, tongue(舌头
10、), tail, hoof(蹄), and lungs are all likely to end up on the dinner table in front of you.The first time I saw a threeyearold kid cheerfully chewing a chickens head I had bad dreams for weeks. (中国)“饮食文化” 的另外一方面是中国人似乎会食用几乎所有动物的任一部 位这令很多西方人深感恐怖。胃、肠子、耳朵、舌头、尾巴、蹄子以及肺部 都可能在你面前的餐桌上被吃掉。我第一次看到一个 3 岁的孩子高兴地啃着一个
11、 鸡头时，我一连做了几个星期的噩梦。 助读讲解 that .every animal 是表语从句。the first time 是名词词组， 起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。 These days I enjoy that sort of food myself.On a recent trip to the United States I suddenly felt like some Chinese delicacies(佳肴), and asked the guy at the meat counter of a supermarket, “Do you have pigs ears？”“
12、No， ”he said, pulling at his own ear ， “just these ordinary ones.” He must have thought I was joking. 现在我自己也喜欢上了那些食物。在最近一次到美国去旅行的时候，我突然 想吃一些中国的美味，然后就问一家超市里卖肉的柜台前的一个小伙子：“有猪 耳朵吗？”“没有， ”他拽着自己的耳朵说道， “只有这些普通的耳朵。”他肯定 以为我在开玩笑。 助读讲解 pulling at his own ear 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。 However, there are other kinds of food
13、s that have taken longer for me to accept .The infamous choudoufu is an example.(The name says it all: “stinky tofu”) Just when I got used to it， I found another variety on a trip to Hunan: deepfried choudoufu, a horrible black substance that looked and smelled about as appetising as a burnt tennis
14、shoe.Maybe Ill get used to that, toosomeday. 然而，也有一些食物让我花了很长时间才能接受。 “臭名昭著”的臭豆腐就是 这样一个例子。(从名字上就可以看出来：“发臭的豆腐” 。) 就在我刚刚适应了 它的味道时，我在到湖南的一次旅行中又发现了另外一种：油炸臭豆腐，令人恐 怖的黑乎乎的一团，看起来、闻起来都像是一只烧焦了的网球鞋，让我没有食欲。 或许有那么一天我也会习惯吃它的。 助读讲解 此处 that 引导定语从句，修饰 foods。when I got used to it 是 时间状语从句。 Passage 2 The first time I at
15、e British food I was in the canteen of a London publisher.Some people just sat down on the sofa to eat.I was amazed at their easy and graceful manner(方式) while I stood there feeling somewhat confused by the food.At the counter there were colourful mixtures in eight or nine big boxes.It was quite har
16、d to make out what they contained. The waiter put these foods inside bread or potatoes according to peoples requirements(要求). I still remember what I ate: a tuna fish(金枪 鱼) and cheese sandwich.It didnt actually taste bad, but to me the cold fish, cold cheese, and even the bread from the fridge, was
17、a meal that would make you feel cold inside .Later, I found out that British people like cold food.Their salad, for example, is made from vegetables which are only washed before serving， while Chinese food is prepared more carefully.The Chinese have a fixed phrase “cold leftovers”Cold food means pov
18、ertyyou dont give it to a guest! No wonder westerners like Chinese food. 文章 2 我第一次接触英国饮食是在一家伦敦出版社的员工餐厅。有些人就坐在沙发 上吃着自己的食物。我惊讶于他们闲适优雅的举止，而我却站在那儿对他们的食 物感到有些茫然。柜台前的八九个盒子里装着各色糊状物。很难弄清楚它们究竟 是什么做的。服务员按照人们的要求往面包或者土豆里面塞这些糊状物。我至今 仍然记得我吃的东西：一条金枪鱼和奶酪三明治。味道确实不错，但是冰冷的金 枪鱼，冰冷的奶酪，连面包也是刚从冰箱里拿出来的，这些让我知道一顿饭居然 可以让人吃得透心
19、凉。后来我发现，英国人喜欢吃冷食。比如说他们做沙拉的蔬 菜只是在吃前洗一洗，然而中国的食物却要做得更精细。中国人有个成语叫“残 杯冷炙” 。冷菜冷饭意味着寒酸人们不会用它来招待客人的。怪不得外国人喜 欢中国食物。 助读讲解 while 在此处是并列连词，表示对比；feeling .the food 是现在 分词短语作伴随状语。句中 it 是形式主语，后面的不定式短语 to make out what they contained 为真正的主语，其中包含 what 引导的宾语从句。that would make you feel cold inside 是定语从句，修饰先行词 a meal。wh
20、ich are only washed before serving 是定语从句，修饰先行词 vegetables。 I also learned that the English like to mix food before serving it at the table.I once ordered mushroom(蘑菇) soup in a restaurant and was astonished when it was brought to the table.It seemed to be just a bowl of grey liquid and it was only a
21、fter I had tasted it that I knew it was actually cooked with mushrooms.The things inside sandwiches and baked potatoes are also various kinds of mashed(捣烂的) food, like the fillings(馅) of jiaozi in Beijing.The food here goes against the Chinese sense of beauty and style at the dinner table.Chinese di
22、shes can be photographed and have a nice appearance.We would never mash food into an unrecognisable shape. 我还知道了英国人喜欢先搅拌食物，然后再端上桌。一次我在饭店里点了蘑 菇汤，刚端上来的时候吓了我一跳。看上去那只是一碗灰色的汤，我尝了一下后 才知道那实际上是用蘑菇做的。夹在三明治和烤土豆里面的东西也都是各种糊状 物，和北京的饺子馅很相似。这里的饮食跟中国人在餐桌上的美学原则大相径庭。 中国菜非常好看，可以拍照，我们是绝对不会把食物打成糊状物的。 助读讲解 本句是强调句型 it was
23、 .that .，强调时间状语 only after I had tasted it。 Whats more, the names of many kinds of English food are hard to remember.In fact, they often use French or Italian words.But one thing I do admire is the polite manner in which British people eat, even if it is just a potato. 此外，许多英国食物的名字也很难记住。事实上，它们经常使用法文
24、或者意 大利文。但是让我确实佩服的一点是英国人吃饭的文明举止，哪怕仅仅是一个土 豆，他们也会吃得斯斯文文。 助读讲解 本句中 do admire 是对谓语动词的强调，in which British people eat 是定语从句修饰先行词 manner，后面是 even if 引导的让步状语从句。 第一步 速读了解文章主题和段落大意 速读 P3031教材课文，选择最佳答案 1Passage 1： AThe writer doesnt like Chinese food. BThe writer hasnt got used to most Chinese food yet. CThe wr
25、iter likes most Chinese food. 2Passage 2： AThe writer doesnt like British food. BThe writer doesnt like the way British food is prepared and served. CThe writer doesnt like the way the British eat. 答案 12 CB 第二步 细读把控文章关键信息 细读 P3031教材课文，选择最佳答案 1It seems that the writer in Passage 1 felt to find so man
26、y dishes were served at a banquet. Adisappointed Binterested Csurprised Dterrible 2We can infer from Passage 1 that the writer Ahas a low opinion of Chinese food Bgets a good impression of Chinese food Cthinks Chinese people waste lots of food Dthinks the people at the table have small appetites 3Fr
27、om Passage 2，we know that Chinese food Apays much attention to its beauty and style besides the taste Bincludes various kinds of mashed food Coften has an unrecognisable shape Dis prepared with little care 4What impresses the writer most according to Passage 2? AThe taste of British food. BThe names
28、 of British food. CThe styles of British food. DThe manner in which the British eat. 答案 14 CBAD 第三步 研读能力升华 接轨高考 根据 P3031教材课文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式 Chinese people think a lot about food.I think that they are sometimes obsessed with it.I had eaten Chinese food often, but I couldnt have imagined
29、1.how fabulous a real Chinese banquet could be.The first six or seven dishes seemed to fill the table, with plates 2.dangerously(dangerous) balanced one on top of another.To my surprise, more dishes 3.arrived(arrive)It was enough to feed a whole army.Another aspect of“food culture”is that the Chines
30、e seem to eat almost every part of every animalmuch to 4.the horror of many westerners.However, there are other kinds of foods that have taken longer for me 5.to accept (accept)The infamous choudoufu is an example. The first time I ate British food I was in the canteen of a London publisher.I was 6.
31、amazed(amaze)at their easy and graceful manner.At the counter there were colourful 7.mixtures (mixture) in eight or nine big boxes.Later，I found out that British people like cold food.But in China，cold food means 8.poverty(poor)you cant give it to a guest.I also learned that the English like to mix food before 9.serving(serve) it at the table.The food here goes 10.against the Chinese sense of beauty and style at the dinner table.Chinese dishes can be photographed and have a nice appearance.