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1、Section Grammar定语从句定语从句() 语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句后自主感悟 I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana. I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature. We have a car park for both our visitors and our students who drive. Most of the students whom he taught have become his friends. Some of the cities in
2、 China which he likes most are Beijing，Shanghai，Harbin and Nanjing. 1.例句中的 whose 在从 句中作定语。 2.例句中的黑体词 在从句中作宾语。 3.例句中的黑体词在从 句中作主语。 一、基本概念 在复合句中作定语，修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；关系词是引导定语从句的词，并在从句 中作一定的句子成分。 引导定语从句的关系代词有 which， that， who， whom， whose， as 等。 即时训练 1 找出下列句中的定语从句和先行词 Is this th
3、e book which your father bought for you? which your father bought for you；the book Who is the man that is speaking to your mother? that is speaking to your mother；the man They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. whose car had broken down；the man 二、关系代词的用法 (一)关系代词 that 和 which 1tha
4、t 既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语，而且作 宾语时常可省略。 This is the bookI want to read it This is the book(that)I want to read 这就是我想读的那本书。(that 指代 the book，在定语从句中充当宾语) 2which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。 My favorite place is Kunming.Kunming is known as the Spring City My favorite place is Kunming which is known as the Spri
5、ng City 我最喜欢的地方是昆明，它以“春城”而闻名。(which 指代 Kunming，在定 语从句中充当主语) 3只用 that 不用 which 的情况 (1)先行词是 everything，nothing，anything，something，much，little，none 等 不定代词或先行词被 any，some，no，much，few，little，every，all 等修饰时，引 导定语从句的关系代词只能用 that。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 有什么我可以为你做的吗？ (2)先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时，
6、引导定语从句的关系代词 用 that。 It is the first step that costs troublesome. 万事开头难。 (3)先行词中既有人又有物时，引导定语从句的关系代词用 that。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about？你知道他们正 在谈论的人和事吗？ (4)先行词被 the only，the very，the same，the last 等修饰且指物时，引导定语 从句的关系代词用 that。 The only thing that we can do is to give y
7、ou some advice.我们能做的唯一一件 事情就是给你一些建议。 4只用 which 不用 that 的情况 (1)“介词关系代词” 引导定语从句， 其中的关系代词只用 which 而不用 that。 This is the house in which Shakespeare was born. 这就是莎士比亚出生的那所房子。 (2)引导非限制性定语从句。 He passed the exam，which made his parents happy. 他通过了考试，这使他的父母很高兴。 名师点津 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词应与先行词一致。 即时训练 2 单句语法填
8、空 The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. Here is the book about which I told you yesterday. Finally he reached a lonely island that/which was completely cut off from the outside world. (二)关系代词 who，whom 和 whose 1who 指人，在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 The tall man is
9、Yao Ming.Yao Ming is playing basketball The tall man who is playing basketball is Yao Ming 正在打篮球的那个很高的人是姚明。(who 指代 Yao Ming，在定语从句中充当 主语) 2whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。 This is the girl.I met the girl in the street This is the girl whom I met in the street 这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。(whom 指代 the girl，在定语从句中充当宾语) 3whose
10、 既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，指人时，相当于 of whom；指物时，相当于 of which。 I have read the bookI like its characters very much. I have read the book whose characters I like very much 我已经读了这本书，我很喜欢它里面的人物。(whose 指代先行词 the book，在 定语从句中充当定语) 名师点津 (1)who 和 whom 均只用于指人，不用于指事或物；who 在定语从句中作主语， whom 在定语从句中作宾语。 (2)用作宾语的 whom 如果不是
11、紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用 who，that 替代。 (3)关系代词 whose 既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，在定语从句中主要用 作宾语。 即时训练 3 句型转换 She has a brother.I dont know his name. She has a brother whose name I dont know The man is our manager.You saw the man just now. The man (who/whom)you saw just now is our manager. The child standing over there is
12、 my brother. The child who is standing over there is my brother. 单句语法填空 1 Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school that/who/whom I met in the English speech contest last year. 2In China，the number of cities is increasing whose development is recognized across the world. 3The
13、 girl handed everything that she had picked up in the street to the police. 4In the end，she decided to sell the house whose windows were almost all broken. 5This is the best book that I have been looking for all this year. 6We talked about the poets and their poems that we remembered. 7Doing volunta
14、ry work is a good way to enrich students knowledge that/which is usually unable to be acquired from textbooks. 8When people talk about the cities of China，the first that comes into their mind is Beijing. 9Those who learn not only from books but through practice will succeed. 10Our school is not the one that it used to be.