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1、时态构成基本用法一般现在时do/does,（连系动词is/am/are）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。He takes a walk after supper every day.他每天晚饭后散步。We always care for each other and help each other.我们总是相互关心相互帮助。一般过去时did,（连系动词was/were）过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或存在的状态；He lived in Beijing when he was young.他年轻时生活在北京。表达过去发生的动作。We visited the factory l
2、ast Friday.上周五我们参观了那家工厂。一般将来时will/shall dois/am/are going to dois/am/are(about)to do表示将来的动作和存在的状态；The first time well send you with an experienced reporter.第一次我们要派有经验的记者陪同你一起去。表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。Oil will float on water.油会浮在水上面。Crops will die without water.没有水庄稼会死亡。现在进行时is/am/are doing表示现在正在进行的动作；It is rai
3、ning heavily now, so we must stay inside.现在正下着大雨，因此我们必须呆在家里。表示按计划安排即将发生的动作；My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.长江水滚滚向东流。过去进行时was/were doing表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）；He was preparing his lecture all day yes
4、terday.昨天一整天他都在准备他的演讲。表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行；They were still working when I left.我离开的时候，他们仍然在工作。用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生；I was writing while he was watching TV. 我在写东西而他在看电视。表示过去将来动作。He said she was arriving the next day.他说他将在第二天到达。将来进行时will be doing表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语；When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will b
5、e writing the report.他明天来我家的时候，我将正在写报告。表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来；I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning.我想她做这个实验将会一直做到明天早上。表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。Stop the child or he will be falling over.拦住那孩子，不然他会摔下去的。现在完成时has/have done表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成I have finished the report.
6、 我已经完成了这个报告。She has cleaned the room.她已经打扫干净了这个房间。过去完成时had done表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。He had shut the door before the dog came up.在那狗走过来之前，他已将门关上了。Everything had been all right up till this morning.直到今天上午为止，一切都正常。将来完成时will/shall have done用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when, before引起的时间状语连用。We will have fin
7、ished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.到这学期结束时为止，我们将会完成高中第二册书。现在完成进行时has/have been doing表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在或还要继续下去的动作He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.自8点钟，他一直在做这些数学题。过去完成进行时had been doing表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到过去另一时刻或还要继续下去）的动作She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.她告诉
8、我她己经学习法语5年了。（仍继续）She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.她告诉我她己经等我一个钟头了。（不再继续）过去将来时would/should dowas/were going to dowas/were(about)to do相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。I was told that he was going to return home.有人告诉我他准备回家。would do(表示过去的习惯)总是，总会
9、，常常He would sit silent for hours.他常常接连好几个小时默默地坐着。一般现在时的特殊用法用 法例 句客观事实或真理The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。按时间表的将来行为The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.飞机上午10点起飞。时间、条件及让步状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来Ill go there after I finish my work.If it rains tomorrow, I wont go there.以h
10、ere, there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。一般将来时几种特殊表达形式的区别形 式用 法例 句be going to表示打算做某事或有迹象表明即将发生某事I am going to visit my friend in hospital.我将去看望住在医院的朋友。It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来好象要下雨了。be about to表示即时的将来。一般不与时间状语连用Now ladies and gentleman, you
11、re about to hear the most incredible tale.女士们，先生们，你们马上就要听到一个难以置信的故事。be to可用来表示计划、安排（通常是正式的安排）；指令；（表示可能）会做，可能；必定会发生或已发生了某事；发布命令或告之规则Were to meet at the school gate at noon.中午我们在学校门口见。Their daughter is to get married soon.他们的女儿可能不久就要结婚了。All the students are to be in the classroom before 6:10.所有的学生必须在6
12、：10前到教室。be doing可表示计划或准备要做某事。用于此结构的常用的动词有：leave, go, come, stay,do, take, haveThe Talent Show is coming in two weeks time.才艺展示还有两个星期就要到了。现在完成时的特殊用法表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for.”,“since.”表述的一段时间状语连用。来源:学科网He has learned English for six years.他学英语已经六年了。They have worked here since they left college.他们大学
13、毕业以后就在这里工作。表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”。Where is Li Hua?李华在哪里？He has gone to the reading-room.他去阅览室了。She knows a lot about Shanghai.关于上海，她懂很多。She has been there.她去过那里。短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,
14、start,breakout等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。要翻译“他已参军已经三年了”。不能说：He has joined the army for three years.而要用以下三种方法：“ago法”：He joined the army three years ago.“延续法”：He has been in the army for three years.“since法”：It is/has been three years since he joined the army.过去完成时的特殊用法表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成
15、，甚至还要继续下去。At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words.十岁的时候，他已经学了500个英语单词了。He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.我们知道的时候，他已经病了一个星期了。常用hope, expect, think, intend, want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。We had expected that you would be able to win the match.我们本期望你能赢得这场比赛的。项 目区 别例
16、 句一般过去时与现在完成时的比较来源:学科网ZXXK现在完成时强调过去动作对现在产生的影来源:Zxxk.Com响或造成的结果We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her?A. was happening B. happens 来源:Z&xx&k.ComC. has happened D. happened说明：说话者强调Jane 目前的状况.Mr. Lee, who _ as a carpenter for over 10 years, is now a very famous statesman
17、 in this country. 来源:Z*xx*k.ComA. has worked B. had workedC. workedD. works (只说明他过去当过木匠不涉及到现在) 一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态Hello, I _ you were in London. How long _ here?A. dont know; were you B. hadnt known; are youC. havent known; are D. didnt know; have you been说明：didnt know 强调见面前不知道I read the novel last mon
18、th. (只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住)现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较着重表示动作的结果时，用现在完成时I have read that book.我读过那本书了。（知道那本书的内容）着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则用现在完成进行时Hi, Tracy, you look tired. I am tired. I _ the living room all day.A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 说明：强调动作从过去开始到现在的延续现在进行时与过去进行时的比较现在进行时表示现在某
19、个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作I dont really work here. I _ until the new secretary _.A. just help out; comes B. have just helped out; will comeC. am just helping out; comes D. will just help out; has come说明：指目前一段时间正在发生的动作, until 引导的是时间状语从句,动词需用一般现在时。过去进行时表示某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作 Hey, look where you are going! Oh, Im ter
20、ribly sorry. _. A. Im not noticing. B. I wasnt noticing. C. I havent noticed. D. I dont notice.说明：对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情。一般过去时与过去进行时的比较一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态Tom_ into the house when no one _.A. slipped; was noticing B. had slipped; noticed C. slipped; had noticed D. was slipping; noticed说明：slip和notic
21、e 为同时发生的动作，因此B、C为错误选项，slipped指过去有结果的动作（他溜进去了），when no one was noticing 指他溜进去的一刹那发生的情况（没有人注意）。过去进行时表示某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作He _ a book about China last year, but I dont know if he _ it.A. wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finishedC. was writing; had finished D. wrote; will finish说明：正确选项为B. 从I dont kn
22、ow if he has finished it.推断，他去年一直在写。常用被动语态的构成一般现在时am/is/are done过去进行时was/were being done一般过去时was/were done现在完成时have/has been done一般将来时shall/will be done过去完成时had been done过去将来时should/would be done将来完成时will/would have been done现在进行时am/is/are being done含有情态动词的can/must/may be done用法注意点被动语态的句型句 型例 句注意点主语
23、（受动者）be过去分词（by施动者）He was scolded by the English teacher.主语get过去分词其它成分The boy got drowned last summer.She got fired because of her faults.使用这种结构不能带有“by+施动者”带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为被动句She lent me a bike.被动：I was lent a bike(by her).A bike was lent to me(by her).其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。情态动词be过去分词This problem
24、 must be worked out in half an hour.双重被动式：主语被动式谓语不定式的被动式其它成分These magazines are not allowed to betaken out of the reading-room.主动表示被动的几种情况不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词有：cut,sell,read,write, fill,cook,lock,wash等。This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Me
25、at wont keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。一些连系动词的主动式形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。The apples taste good.这些苹果尝起来味道不错。The flower smells wonderful.这花闻起来很不错。The news proved/turned out true.这消息后来证明时真的。Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来很软。主语+need/want/requir
26、e表示需要被的时候，常用动名词的主动式表示被动或用不定式的被动式。The car needs repairing.=The car needs to be repaired.这车需要修理。be worth doing表示某事值得去做。The Great Wall is worth visiting.长城值得一游。不可变为被动语态的几种情况不可变为被动的特别句举例原 因I teach myself French.反身代词不可作主语We help each other/one another.相互代词不可作主语He lost heart.lose heart,make a face,keep si
27、lence这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。She took part in the sports meet.take part in, belong to, own, have, hate, fail, contain等表状态动词虽然是及物动词但是没有被动语态。常用被动语态的固定句型It is believed/said/reported/hoped/supposed that据信/据说/据报道/人们希望/人们认为It must be pointed out that必须指出It is generally considered that一般认为It is well know
28、n that大家都知道It must be admitted that必须承认其它含有短语动词在被动语态中介词不能丢Much attention must be paid to your handwriting.特别注意以下句子的结构：Every minute must be made full use of to study Englsih.容易误用为被动语态的动词（短语）leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lackfit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, b
29、elong to, take place, break out,come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart历年高考考查的时态涉及了12种。对一般现在时的考查Planning so far ahead _ no senseso many things will have changed by next year. A. made B. is making C. makesD. has made【解析】答案为C。前句表示现在的情况make no sense，后句表示到将来会产生的后果will have
30、changed。一般现在时表示主语的特征或状态。is making和has made表示具体的动作过程，故不选。因此选C项。句意：计划这么超前毫无意义到明年许多事情会发生变化的。Look at the pride on Toms face. He _ to have been praised by the manager just now.A. seemed B. seems C. had seemed D. is seeming【解析】答案为B。look at祈使句交代的时间是现在，seem表心理判断，没有进行时态，故选B。句意：看Tom脸上骄傲的表情，他似乎刚才受到了经理的表扬。对现在进行
31、时的考查I hear you _ in a pub. Whats it like? Well, its very hard work and Im always tired, but I dont mind.A. are working B. will work C. were working D. will be working【解析】答案为A。对话所用的现在时表明现在还在酒吧里上班，用现在进行时描述现阶段长期重复的一个动作。故选A项。句意：“我听说你在酒吧里上班，这份工作怎么样？”“这是份辛苦活，老感到累，不过我不介意。”Ill go to the library as soon as I
32、 finish what I _. A. was doing B. am doing C. have done D. had been doing【解析】答案为B。主句是将来时，时间状语从句用现在时。finish与选项C.have done矛盾，故选B项。句意：我一完成眼下正在做的事情就去图书馆。That price of music sounds quite familiar. Who _the piano upstairs?A. has played B. played C. plays D. is playing【解析】答案为D。在听的过程中才发出谁在弹钢琴的疑问，sound用的是现在时
33、，交代的时间是现在，故选D项。句意：那首乐曲听起来相当熟悉。是谁在楼上弹钢琴？对现在完成时的考查I didnt ask for the name list. Why _on my desk? I put it there just now in case you needed it. A. does it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed 【解析】答案为B。问句中谈论的事情即“放”的动作发生在过去，强调的是对话发生时的情况，需要使用现在完成时，故选择B项。句意：“我没有要名单，怎么名单在我桌上？”“我刚才放在那里的，以
34、备你用得着。”His first novel _ good reviews since it came out last month. A. receives B. is receiving C. will receive D. has received【解析】答案为D。since自从以来，引导含有过去时的从句时，主句用现在完成时。故选D。句意：他的第一本小说自上个月出版以来受到了好评。John, what _in your hand ? Look, Its a birthday gift for my grandma.A. had you held B. are you holding C.
35、 do you hold D. will you hold【解析】答案为B。两人对话以现在时间为参考点，现在(说话人说话时） 对方hold这个动作正在发生，故用现在进行时。句意：约翰，你手里拿的是什么？”“看，这是给我奶奶的生日礼物。”It is the most instructive lecture that I _since I came to this school. A .attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended 【解析】答案为D。since自从以来，引导过去时的从句时，主句用现在完成时。选D。句意：自从我到这
36、个学校以来，这是我所听到的最有教育意义的演讲。对现在完成进行时的考查Tom _ in the library every night over the last three months. A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working【解析】答案为 C。题干中出现的over the last three months，是明显提示用现在完成进行时或现在完成时。故选C项。句意：在过去的三个月里，Tom每天晚上都在图书馆里学习。对一般过去时的考查If you dont like the drink you _just leave
37、 it and try a different one. A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered【解析】答案为A。dont like the drink是现在时，点饮料是过去的动作，因此，用过去时或现在完成时，故选A项。句意：如果你不喜欢你所点的饮料，就把它放那儿，试试另一种。That must have been a long trip. Yeah, it _ us a whole week to get there. A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking【解析】答案为C
38、。题干中must have done是对过去的肯定推测，提示时间在过去，描述过去的情况，排除A和B项，D项was taking进行时态表将来，但事实上事情已发生，这与题意不符，因此选C项。句意：“那一定是长途旅行。”“是的，我们花了整整一周时间才赶到那儿。”Bob has gone to California. Oh, can you tell me when he _? A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leaving【解析】答案为B。Bob has gone to California去的动作已经发生。这说明他离开的动作一定发生在过去，因
39、此使用一般过去时。选B项。句意：“Bob已经去了加利福尼亚。”“噢，你能告诉我他什么时候离开的？”When I got on the bus, I _ I had left my wallet at home.A. was realizing B. realized C. have realizedD. would realize【解析】答案为B。I had left my wallet at home发生在realized之前，前一句When I got on the bus给出的时间起点是过去时，故选B项。句意：当我上了车的时候，我才意识到把钱包忘在家里了。In 1942, Columbu
40、s_ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off India. A. lands B. landed C. has landed D.had landed 【解析】答案为B。in 1492是过去时的标志，后面叙述的是在这一年里发生的事情。题目没有明确说明“登陆”是发生在“误解”之前的动作，因此，这两个行为都统一在1492年里，排除D，故选B。句意：在1492年，哥伦布登上了巴哈马群岛，但他误以为是印度的岛屿。对过去进行时的考查I wasnt sure if he was really interested
41、or if he _ polite.A. was just being B. will just be C. had just been D. would just be【解析】答案为A。句前wasnt sure表明说话的起点是过去时，was really interested和was just being polite都是相一致的过去时。故选A项。句意：我不能肯定他是真正感兴趣呢还是仅仅为了表示礼貌。The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _ in his place but luckily, ever
42、ything was going on smoothly. A. gave B. gives C. was giving D. had given 【解析】答案为C。was worried about和everything was going on smoothly都是过去时，排除B选项。经理担心的时候正是助手举办新闻发布会之时，过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，排除表示过去完成时的D选项。A选项gave表示过去发生的动作，这与后面everything was going on smoothly不符，因为事情还在进展中，故选C。句意：经理担心着他的助手代替他所举办的新闻发布会。幸运的是，一
43、切进展顺利。对过去完成时的考查She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _ everything!A. had been eating B. had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eating【解析】答案为B。 “吃光”这个动作发生在“发现”之前，前一句交代了过去时间，因此选择过去的过去，用过去完成时。故选B项。句意：她惊讶地发现冰箱里空空如也；她的孩子把里面的东西全吃光了！We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody _
44、into the office during the night.A. brokeB. had brokenC. has brokenD. was breaking【解析】答案为B。两个时间点，“有人闯进了办公室”发生在“我们到达”之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时，选B项。句意：我们在早晨到达工作地点时，发现有人在前一天晚上闯进了我们的办公室。Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they_ from China.A. receive B. are receiving C. have received D. had received【解析】答案为D。由语境可知，receive动作发生在expressed动作之前，即“过去的过去”，故receive要用过