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1、状语从句,What are “ Adverbial Clauses”?,在主从复合句中修饰主语中的动词、 形容词、副词等的从句叫做 “状语从句”。分类如下：,状语从句,1. 时间状语从句,2. 地点状语从句,3. 原因状语从句,4. 条件状语从句,5. 让步状语从句,6. 目的状语从句,7. 结果状语从句,8. 方式状语从句,9. 比较状语从句,1) 常用连词如下：as, when, while, till / until, not till / until, before, since, after等。,1. 时间状语从句,e.g. I wont know where he is until
2、 I get a letter from him. Till 只能用于肯定句中，until既可以用于肯定句，也可以用于否定句。,Its/will be +一段时间 before+一般现在时 表示过了多久才 Its/will （not) be +一段时间 before+一般现在时 表示没过多久就 it s been+一段时间 since +一般过去时,It will be a long time before we meet again. It has been 20 years since we first saw each other.,2) 一些表示时间的名词词组也可引导时间状语从句。如：
3、the moment, the minute, （一就）next time（下次）, every/each time （每次）。 e.g. The moment he comes, I will tell him.,3).介词也可以引导状语从句。如since, before, after。 I would like to invite you to do several exercise before coming to our key points.,4) as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly 等副词也可引导状语从句。表示“一就”。 As
4、soon as I reach home, I will tell him the news.,5) a. hardly when b. scarcely when / before c. no sooner than 都相当于as soon as，用以引导时间状语从句。注意：当 hardly, scarcely及no sooner位于句首时,从句中的主谓要倒装。 e.g. No sooner had she gone than it happened,.,1. I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _ I picked
5、up the phone. while B. after C. In case D. the minute 2. How long do you think it will take _ our product becomes popular with the consumers? when B. until C. before D. since,3. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. With B. since C. As D. While 4. He was halfway through his meal _ a familiar voi
6、ce came to his ears. why B. where C. when D. while 5. Hardly _ into the village _ it began to rain. we had got; when B. we got; than C. had we got; when D. did we get; than,2. 地点状语从句,地点状语从句用连接副词 where或wherever (在任何地方) 引导。,e.g. a. Just stay where you are. b. Wherever you go, Ill be right here waiting
7、 for you.,When he reads a book, his habit is to make a mark _ the meaning is unclear to him. A. there B. wherever C. the place D. in which 2. If you are travelling _ the customs are totally different from your own, you may feel a cultural shock. A. in the place B. which C. in which D. where,3. 原因状语从
8、句,原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因。引导这种从句 常用的连接词是：because, since, as, for, now that 及 considering等。,e.g. He didnt come to school because he was ill.,c.f. He might be ill, for he didnt come to school.,表示“直接”原因。,表示“间接的推断”原因. 不可出现在句首。,Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, _ th
9、is was a memory she especially treasured. A. as B. if C. when D. where 2. Some people believe that _ oil is running out, the fate of the motor industry is uncertain. A. / B. though C. for D. since,4. 条件状语从句,条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。,条件状语从句由从属连词引导：if, unless (除非), as / so
10、long as (只要), on condition (只要), in case (假使) , providing / provided (that), supposing （that）（假若，倘使），on condition that(条件是） 等。,e.g. a. Well come over to see you on Saturday if we have time. b. We should serve the people as / so long as we live.,1. We will be able to get there on time, _ our car does
11、nt break down on the road. as soon as B. as far as C. as long as D. as well as 2. In time of serious accidents, _ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. whether B. until C. if D. unless,3. _ you have tried it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is. A. Unless B. Because C. Althou
12、gh D. When 4. The official soon realized that, _, things would get worse. unless dealt with properly if not properly dealing with it unless properly dealt with if dealt not properly with,5. 让步状语从句,在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句被称为让步状语从句。通常由下列词语引导：though, although, even if, even though, while, no matter who/ , how
13、ever ，as等。,让步状语从句可以位于主句前、后，有时插在主句中间。,Though/although Though / Although he was old, he worked hard. = He was old but he worked hard.,注意一个典型的中国错误： though / although 切不可与but连用。,as,谓语动词的倒装： Try as he would, he could not remember a word of it. (= No matter how he would try ) Try as he might, he didnt pas
14、s the exam. Hate him as we may, we must admit his greatness. Search as they would, they could find nothing in the room. Try as you may, you will never succeed,状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very, much等修饰语） Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man. Much as he likes the bike, he doesnt want to b
15、uy it. Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them.,表语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very, much等修饰语） Child as he is, he know o lot.,while,while引导的让步状语从句： while (= although),它引导的让步状语从句只能前置，位于句首，如： While you may be right, I cant altogether agree. While I admit that the problems are difficult, I dont agree that
16、they cannot be solved,whetheror,whetheror引导的让步状语从句： 这种从句也称“选择条件-让步状语从句”，可位于主句之前或之后，如： Whether he drives or (whether he) flies, he will be here on time. Whether you like it or not, youll have to do it. Whether or not it rains, Im giving a party tomorrow. We hold that all countries, (whether they are)
17、 big or small, (whether they are) rich or poor, should be equal. Whether it rains or snows, I will go tonight. She had to go, whether or not she wanted it.,whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever,由连接代词whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever引导的让步状语从句： Whoever (= no matter who) is unwilling to go, I wil
18、l go. (whoever 既相当于连接词短语no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问代词who) Whomever (= no matter whom) you are dealing with, this method is no good. Whatever (= no matter what) happens, keep calm. Whatever others may say, you are certainly right. Whichever (= no matter which) you choose, we have no objection.,whatever
19、或whichever,由连接形容词whatever 或whichever 引导的让步状语从句，如： Whatever (= no matter what) difficulties may arise, we must and can overcome them one by one. (whatever 既相当于no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问形容词what 修饰名词difficulties。) Whichever (= no matter which) room is assigned to him, he will have no objection. Whichever
20、 method you use, the result is much the same.,however, wherever 或whenever,由连接副词however, wherever 或whenever 引导的让步状语从句。例如： However ( = no matter how) difficult the task may be, we will fulfil it on time. ( however 既相当于 no matter 连接主句与从句，又相当于疑问副词 how 修饰 difficult。) Wherever ( = no matter where) they we
21、nt, they were warmly welcomed. Whenever Im unhappy, he cheers me up. The dog follows me wherever I go.,even though和 though even though (= even if) 引导的从句指把握不大或假设的事情，意为“即使”、“纵然”； Most of us ignore the food advice, even if/ even though we know it to be true.,_ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actu
22、ally like the person. While B. since C. Before D. Unless 2. The workers are determined to go through with their railway project, _ the expenses have risen. as long as B. even though C. now that D. as though,3. _, he knows more than other children of his age. A. However young child he is B. Child as
23、he is C. No matter how young child is D. What a young child he is 4. I really want the match, however much _. A. does it cost B. costs it C. will it cost D. it costs,5. _ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. For now B. Now that C. By now D. until 6. _, the idea off h
24、aving to work under a woman defeated him. Wanting the job very much Although wanting the job badly Though he wanted the job very much He wanted the job badly,6. 目的状语从句,引导目的状语从句的连词:,in order that ,用于正式文体中，所引从句可于主句前或后。,so that,a. 较常用，一般用于主句后,有时可分开，so 有时可省; 从句中要有情态动词，否则, 就成为下一种句型：,b. 无情态动词则引导结果状语从句。,fo
25、r fear that; in case; lest (以免)等。,e.g. a. Well sit nearer the front so we can hear better. b. I shall write it down lest I should forget.,注意：当从句与主句的主语一致时，可用so as to do 或 in order to do ,e.g. He ran fast so that he might arrive there before ten oclock. ,He ran fast so as to arrive there before ten oc
26、lock.,7. 结果状语从句,结果状语从句常位于主句之后，由so, so that, such that; so that 等引导。,e.g. a. So quickly did he run that I couldnt catch up with him. b. The bus broke down so that we had to walk home. c. He got to the station finally, only to find the train had left.,8. 方式状语从句,描述主句动作进行方式的状语被称为方式状语。通常用下列词语引导：as, just
27、as, as if, as though, according to 等。,e.g. a. We must do as the Party tells us. b. Leave the things as they are. c. Most plants need sunlight just as they need water. d. It sounds as if it is raining.,9. 比较状语从句,比较状语从句常由下列词语引导： as as, not so / as as, morethan, less than, the more + adj. / adv., the m
28、ore + adj. / adv.,e.g. a. He is not so / as healthy as his brother. b. They jumped up and down as hard as they could. c. John is less clever than Peter.,Roses need special care _ they can live through winter. because B. so that C. even if D. as 2. If things are left _ they are, the problems will never be settled, Im afraid. how B. as C. what D. where,3. Careful surveys have pointed out that as many as 50 percent of the patients do not take drugs _ directed. like B. so C. which D. as 4. I dare not go there _ my parents will see me. in case of B. for fear of C. in order that D. for fear that,