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1、一、情态动词情态动词表示说话人的语气和情绪，本身词义不全，不能单独作谓语，后面必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，有的情态动词有过去式。常见的情态动词有can, could, may, might, must, have to, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare等。重点要掌握下列内容情态动词重点知识举 例can在否定句、疑问句和感叹句中，表示怀疑、惊异、不相信的态度。Can it be true? 难道这是真的？来源:Zxxk.ComYou cant be serious! 你怕不是在开玩笑吧！来源:学&科&网
2、Z&X&X&KOh, dear, what on earth can this mean? 来源:学科网ZXXK哎呀，亲爱的，这究竟是意味着什么？来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K表示“经过努力后终于能”用be able toThe fire spread the building quickly but everybody was able to escape.大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼，但大家都逃了出来。注意：be able to比can有更多的形式变化When he grows up, he will be able to support his family.他长大后就能养家了。Frank i
3、s ill. He hasnt been able to go to school for one week.弗兰克病了，已经一周没去上学了。“cannot (cant)too/over/enough”。表示“无论怎么也不(过分)”，用来加强语气You can not be too careful.你无论怎么小心都不为过（你越小心越好）。can not but do sth. 不得不；只好I cant but choose to wait.我只好选择等待。may和might惯用形式 may (might)as well动词原形：不妨做If that is the case, we may as
4、 well try.如果情况是这样的话，我们不妨试试看。表示祝愿may而不用might。采用部分倒装语序：may主语动词原形！May the friendship between our two peoples last forever! 祝愿我们两个民族的友谊源远流长！may或might可和as well连用，表示“建议”，译为“还是的为好”You may as well keep a certain distance from that mad man. 你们还是离那疯子远点为好。You might as well go home now.你还是现在回家为好。mustmust 还表示主语主
5、观的坚持，有“偏偏， 偏要，一定要”之意If you must know how old I am, I tell you that Im twice my sons age. 如果你一定要知道我多大年龄的话，我告诉你我是儿子年龄的两倍。must表示推测时的否定式是“cant”翻译为“不可能”Michael _be a policeman, for hes much too short.A. neednt B. cant C. wouldnt D. mustntwould 和used toused to表示过去的某种习惯，现在已经没那样的习惯了；would 表示过去有某种习惯，不与现在对比 W
6、e would sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story. （过去会这样，不与现在对比） We used to sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story.（过去是这样的，但现在不这样了）表示过去的状态，只能用used to，不能用wouldThere used to be a park here.这儿过去有个公园。（言下之意：现在没有了）shall和should于第一人称：征求对方的意见What shall we do this evening?我们今天晚上要做什
7、么？shall用于第二、三人称表示“警告、命令、允诺、威胁”等You shall fail if you dont work harder.你不更加努力工作，你就不会成功。（警告）You shall have the book when I finish reading.我读完了，你就可以拿走这本书。（允诺）He shall be punished.他一定会遭到惩罚。（威胁）Why/How should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解、感到意外、惊异等意思，意为“竟会”Why should you be so late? 你今天来得怎么这么晚？How should I know? 我怎会知道！(意
8、为：我不知道。)needneed作情态动词表示“需要”，“必要”。通常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中，且只有现在时，其他时态用“have to”的相应形式代替You neednt come tomorrow. 你明天没必要来了。 Need he come now? 他现在就需要来吗？ Yes, he must. 是的，必须来。 No, he neednt / he doesnt have to.不必啦。“Must？”一般疑问句的否定回答要用：No, neednt. Must I finish my homework now? 我现在就必须把作业做完了？ No, you neednt.不，不必啦.
9、need还可以用作行为动词，其变化和一般的动词相同。若主语为动作承受者时用动词主动形式表示被动意义或用不定式的被动式We need to have a rest.我们需要休息一下。The house needs repairing.=The house needs to be repaired.这栋房子需要修理。表示“推断、判断”的canmay和must在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. must B. may C. can D.
10、 willMary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times.Michael _be a policeman, for hes much too short.A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may【答案】BBHe may be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?He must be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?在否定句中只能用can和may。所以cant有时用以代替mustnt，语气比may更肯定。中文可以翻译为不可能在
11、疑问句中只能用can，不能用may和must情态动词+have +过去分词的用法could +have done表示“本可以做而实际上未能做”。You could have done better, but you didnt try your best.你本来能做得更好的，但你没有尽力。cannot+ have done表示“对现在或过去发生过的事情的否定推测”He cannot have been to that small town.他不可能去过那个小镇。can+主语+ have done表示“对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定（用在疑问句中）”Can he have got the book?他
12、可能得到那本书了吗？might(may)+ have done表示“对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测”He may not have finished the work.他可能没有完成工作。If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.如果我们走另一条路，我们可能更早地到达了。must+ have done表示“对过去发生的行为肯定的推测”。其否定式为：cannot have doneYou must have seen the film.你肯定看过那部电影。You cannot have seen the film.
13、你不可能看过那部电影。neednt+ have done表示“本来不必要做的而实际上又做了”You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本没必要浇花的，因为就要下雨了。注意：didnt need to(have to)do表示“没有必要做而实际上也没有做”I didnt need to clean the windows. My sister did it 2 hoursago.我没必要擦窗户。我姐姐两小时前刚擦过。should(ought to)+have done表示本来应该做而实际上又没有做”。其否定形式表示
14、“某种不该发生的事情或行为却发生了”You should have started earlier, but you didnt.你本应该早点开始的，但是你没有。She shouldnt have taken away my dictionary, for I need it now.他本不该拿走我的字典的，因为我现在需要它。二、虚拟语气类 别用 法例 句If虚拟条件句情况主句谓语从句谓语与现在事实相反should/would/could/might +do过去式（be用were）If he were here, he would help us.如果他在这里，他会帮助我们的。与过去事实相反s
15、hould/would/could/might +have +donehad +doneIf I had been free, I would have visited you.如果我有空的话，我就拜访你了。与将来事实相反should/would/could/might+动词原形过去式/should+动词原形/were +to doIf it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去野营。省略if的虚拟条件句将虚拟条件从句中的were，had, should提到主语前构成倒装Should he come, tell
16、 him to ring me up.如果他来，告诉他让他给我打电话。Were I you, I would not do it.如果我是你，我就不做。Had I been free, I would have visited you.如果我有空的话，我就拜访你了。混合虚拟条件句不同时间的虚拟：各遵守各的规则If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.要是他听了我的话，现在就不会有麻烦了。If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.要是他昨天告诉我了，我
17、就知道现在做什么了。If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加他的生日聚会了。虚拟与陈述的混合：各遵守各的规则He could have passed the exam, but he wasnt careful enough.他本来能通过考试的，但他不够细心。You should have come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.你应该早一点来的，汽车刚走一会儿。其它方式表示的虚拟条件but for+名词表示虚拟条件But for your timely warn
18、ing, we _into great trouble.You know were friends.A. would get B. must have got C. would have got D. cant have got【解析】句意：要不是你及时的提醒，我们肯定陷入麻烦了。【答案】B。without+名词表示虚拟条件Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.如果没有空气来吸纳太阳的部分热量，地球在夜里就会非常寒冷。动词不定式表示虚拟条件It would
19、 be only partly right to follow in this way.如果这样做，仅仅对了一半。现在分词表示虚拟条件Having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.要是及时得知的话，我们也许能阻止这场事故。过去分词表示虚拟条件Given more attention, the tree could have grown better.如果多留心的话，这树本来可以长的更好。副词otherwise表示虚拟条件I was too busy at that time. Otherwise, I would have
20、 called you.我当时太忙，否则我就给你打电话了。连词but连接的句子表示虚拟条件He _fatter but he eats too little.A. would become B. would have become C. must become D. must have become 【解析】从后句“但是他吃得太少”来看，隐含着虚拟即：如果他吃得多点，就会胖些了。【答案】A。特别句式中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气suggest, order, propose, request, require, demand, advise, insist, urge+ 宾语从句(shou
21、ld )doIt is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required+ that从句(should) doMy advice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal+ is +表语从句(should)doThe suggestion/advice/request/requirement+ 同位语从句(should )do+ isIt is natural/necessary/strange +that从句 (should) do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。wish + that claus
22、e (did/were 与现在相反)wish + that clause (would/could/might + do与将来相反)wish + that clause ( had done 与过去相反)It is (high) time +that 从句(did或should do )It is (high) time that we went/should go home. 我们真该回家了。注意：当suggest表示暗示，insist表示坚持观点，事实时，后接的宾语从句应当用陈述语气。His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision
23、.他的沉默说明了他同意我的决定。He insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health.他坚持认为做早操对人的身体有益。would rather + 句子I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你现在呆在家里。I would rather you hadnt told her the news.我宁愿你没有把这个消息告诉她。If only + 从句 If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世了。)If onl
24、y she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)If only he would come tomorrow!要是他明天能来该多好啊！as if/as though引导的状语从句与现在事实相反：He talks as if he knew where she was.与过去事实相反：He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.与将来事实相反：He opened his mouth as if he would say something.注意：“as if/as though”引导的状语从句中也可以用陈
25、述语气：当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时：It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。He talks as if he is drunk. 从他谈话的样子来看他似乎是喝醉了。（一）情态动词can表示“能力；可能性；能够”The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they .A. can B. may C. must D. should【解析】答案为A。can可以，能够；may可能，许可；must必须；should应该。根据句意，选A项。句意：警
26、方依然没有找到失踪的孩子，但他们现在正在做他们所能做的一切。One of the few things you _ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.A. need B. must C. should D. can【解析】答案为D。关于英国人你可以肯定的一点是他们谈论很多的天气。用can表示可以，能够，所以正确答案为D项。不能选C，should是表示责任和义务的。may表示“也许，可能”Some people who dont like to talk much a
27、re not necessarily shy; they just be quiet people. A. must B. may C. should D. would【解析】答案为B。前半句为“有些人不喜欢讲很多话未必就是因为害羞,”后半句应该为”他们也许是比较安静的人。” I take the book out? Im afraid not.A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need【解析】答案为B。表请求可用情态动词can, may, could, might ,表允许用can, may。句意：“我可以将这本书带出去吗？”“恐怕不行”。故应选表情请求的情态动词may。M
28、ay I take this book out of the reading room? No, you . You read it in here. A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt【解析】答案为D。英语中用could，might表示询问或征求意见的问句中，肯定性应答要用can或may来代替could或might，而may或might征求意见的问句否定应答时要用mustnt，故本题选D项。should表示“应该；按理应该”I dont care what people think. Well, you _ A. could B. would C.
29、should D. might 【解析】答案为C。答话的人提了一个建议你应该关注别人对你的评价的。should可以用来向别人提建议，所以答案为C项。shall表示“征询对方意见；在第二人称中表示允诺，还可以表示强制，命令，威胁，警告表示法律法规条文的规定”Will you read me a story ,Mummy? OK. You_ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.【解析】答案为D。句意：“妈妈，可以读一个故事给我听吗？”“好的，如果你马上上床睡觉的话。”shall 用于陈述句中的第二、第三人称时,表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命
30、令、决心等，题中是母亲对儿子的承诺，故选D项。must表示“主观意愿”意为：“一定要”；表示“命令或要求”意为“必须、一定”I have told you the truth. I keep repeating it?A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will【解析】答案为A。must必须,一定，can可以,能够， may也许，will意愿,倾向性动作。前半句说我告诉你事实了，这里用的是现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在造成了影响,既然我已经说了,我还必须重复一遍吗？have to表示“客观”上的“不得不”You_ buy a gift , but you can if you
31、want to.A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to【解析】答案为D。dont have to 意为“没有必要”，符合语境，句意：你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。Some aspects of a pilots job _be boring, and pilots often _work at convenient hours. A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must【解析】答案为A。can意为“可能”。have to意为“不得不”表示“由于受
32、客观条件的限制不得不做某事”。句意：从某些方面看，飞行员的工作可以说是很乏味的，因为他们经常不得不在不舒服的环境下工作好几个小时。Im afraid Mr. Harding _ see you now; hes busy.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 【解析】答案为A。结合语境，根据情态动词用于疑问或否定推测时，要用cant。“You _ have a wrong number,” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.” A. need B. can C. must D. would【解析】答案
33、为C。【解析】肯定的猜测，用must。Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters.A. might B. must C. would D. can【解析】答案为B。第一个说话人说和史密斯小姐有约，那下面的人就回应说，“那您一定就是Mrs. Peters了”因此排除A，C，D三个选项。Jack descried his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as
34、 a strong-willed manA. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 【解析】答案为D。句意：杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人，他的父亲多年前肯定很勇敢。用must have been表示对过去事情的肯定推测。They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A. will B. can C. must D. should【解析】答案为D。will have done将来可以完成；can have done可能做过吗？表示对过去行为
35、的怀疑，用于疑问句；must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做。but their flight was delayed这样的结果，说明他们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选D。句意：他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.A. will have
36、stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen【解析】答案为B。will have stolen是将来完成时，表示到将来某个时间，某件事一定会发生，显然不符合语境;should have stolen表示本该做某事，也不符合意思;must have stolen表示一定做了某事，显然错误。这里应该选用might have stolen表示说话者觉得包落在火车上，很有可能会被别人偷走的。句意：“我把包忘在火车上了，但幸运的是，有人拾到后交给了一位铁路官员。 “失而复得，简直令人难以置信！我的意思是，本来可
37、能有人会偷走的。”I_ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt【解析】答案为A。句意：“我本来不应该看那部电影的它会使我做噩梦的。”表示“本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldnt have done, 所以A项正确。I_ through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt
38、gone【解析】答案为A。that bitter period表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选A。句意：没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。（二）虚拟语气This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could D. might【解析】答案为B。句意：这台打印机的质量
39、很好。如果在第一年里它坏了的,修理费用由我们负担。对将来虚拟时，用should/were to do +v原形。If he _my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow【解析】答案为C。根据“wouldnt have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，故选C项。If we _ _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
40、 A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken【解析】答案为B。所填词做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语，根据主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反，故所填部分用had+过去分词形式，选B项。句意：如果当时走了另一条路，我们就有可能及时赶到这儿开会了。特别注意省略“if”的虚拟条件句Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _ . A. would have been saved B. had been saved
41、 C. will be saved D. was saved【解析】答案为A。根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气，原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .句意：如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied
42、 D. was studying【解析】答案为C。then表示过去的时间，if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。选C项。句意：或许那时我要是学了理科而不是文科的话，我现在就能给你更多的帮助了。If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _in science and technology.A. had discovered B. had been discovered C. has discovered D. has been discovered【解析】答案为D。与现在的事实相反，从句用的是过去时，主语用“would”
43、加动词原形构成。“by”后的宾语从句是现在的事实，因此就该用与实际相符的时态来表示。“by”后的宾语从句表示的意思是：科学技术已经发现的东西。But for their help, we the program in time. A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished【解析】答案为D。But for起到了对过去虚拟的条件句作用,后面自然要选would/could/might/should+have done结构了。I _ sooner but I didnt know
44、 that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come【解析】答案为D。but I didnt know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D项。句意：我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A. attended