《虚拟语气外语教案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《虚拟语气外语教案.docx（20页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、 精品资料虚拟语气外语教案虚拟语气1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法现在事实相反的假设(1)若表示与，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式(would，should，could，might+动词原形);(2)若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should+动词原形也可用“wereto+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如：JIwouldcertainlygoifI_(have)time.(现在)JIfitshouldrain，wewouldntgoout.(将来)(3)若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式(should，would，could，might+h
2、ave+过去分词)。如：JIfIhadsetoffalittleearlier，I_caughtthetrain.JShewould/mighthavecomeifshe_beensobusy.JIfIhadnt_(take)youradvice，Iwouldhavemadeabadmistake.(4)含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如：_theytime(=Iftheyhadtime)，theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus._itbefin
3、e(=Ifitshouldbefine)，wewouldgoforanouting._Iyou(=IfIwereyou)，Iwouldgo.(4)若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反;或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如：Ifit_rainedlastnight(过去)，Itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).IfI_takenyouradvice(过去),Ishouldhavenotroublewiththeworknow(现在).2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法在动词sugges
4、t，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气(即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形)来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish/wouldrather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如：JIsuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.JThedoctorinsistedthatthepatient(should)beX-rayed.JIwishI_asstrongasyou.JIwouldratherthatyou_toldhim.(没有告诉他)3
5、.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法在Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural;Itisrequested/suggested/desired/proposed;itisapity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：JItisnecessarythathe(should)besentthereatonce.JItisrequestedthatProfessorLi(_)giveusaspeech.JItisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight.4.虚拟语气在表语从
6、句、同位语从句中的用法。在suggestion，proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：JOursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethefirsttogo.JMyadviceisthatwe(_)sendforDoctorLi.JDoyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)keepwatch?5.虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法在asif引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符;在sothat，inorde
7、rthat引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如：JTheytalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.JShestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshecouldtakecareofhermother.JHetookataxitothestationsothatsheshouldnotmissthetrain.6.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：在itistime后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。JItstimeIwasgoing.JItstimesomebody_(teach)youtobeh
8、aveyourself.7.由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式(be动词用were)。B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would,could,might+动词原形。C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could,would+have+动词过去分词。Iwishthathe_solazy.IwishI_wastedsomuchtime.Iwishshewouldchangehermind.8.hadhoped/pla
9、nned/thought/wanted/intended表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。Ihadthoughthehadbeendeadforatleast20years.IhadhopedthatshewouldgototheU.S.andstudythere,butshesaidshelikedtostayinChina.9.wouldrather.would(had)rather,wouldassoon,wouldsooner和wouldprefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：Idratheryou_th
10、eletterrightaway.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。Iwouldpreferhedidntstaytheretoolong.我倒希望他不要在那儿呆得太久。Iwouldjustassoonyouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。10.Its(high,about)timethat句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。Itstimethatsomething_(do)aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.Itishightimethatweputanendtothisdiscussion.现在
11、是我们该结束讲座的时候了11.虚拟语气在由某些连词或个词引出的表示条件、目的的状语从句中的使用。常见的这些连词和介词有：u1)unless(除非)，provided(倘若)，supposing(假若)，providing(倘若),onconditionthat(如果),由这些词、词组引出的从句，动词多用过去时。u除非你命令他做，要不他是不会做的。uHewouldntdoitunlessyouorderedhimto.u假若你有机会出国，你会去哪儿呢?uProvidingyouhadtheopportunitytogoabroad,wherewouldyougo?12.sothat(以便)，fo
12、rfearthat(以免,唯恐)，inorderthat(以便)，whether(不管)，lest(以免)，incase(假使)，从句中加情态动词，有时should可省略。他把它藏起来以免她看见。Hehiditlestshe(should)seeit.我得准备点啤酒，说不定约翰会来。IllgetsomebeerincaseJohnshouldcome.他轻轻地进屋，以免吵醒他的同房。Heenteredtheroomquietlyinorderthatheshouldnotwakehisroommate.13.ifonly如果表示对现在的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用过去式;如果表示将来的愿望，句中的
13、谓语动词常用would/could+动词原形;如果表示对过去的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用had+过去分词。ifonlyI_you!Ifonlyyou_comeyesterday!IfonlyLindacouldgowithustomorrow!IfonlyIhadsaidmoreaboutit!onlyif表示只有;ifonly则表示如果就好了。Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早点回来。虚拟语
14、气精练60题1.Theboyacted_hehadneverlivedinCanadabefore.A.asthoughB.evenifC.asD.since2.Ifyouwereoldenough,I_youtogothereyesterday.A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowed3.Thesecretarysuggestedthatthey_themeninatonce.A.hadbroughtB.shouldhavebroughtC.broughtD.bring4.Ifwearrivedheretenminutese
15、arlier,we_thebus.AshouldhavecatchB.wouldhavecaughtC.hadcaughtD.wouldcatch5.Donttouchthesleepingtiger.Ifhewokeup,he_you.A.wouldattackB.shouldattackC.wouldhaveattackedD.willattack6.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe7.HowIwishI_toreapairthewatch!Ionlym
16、adeitworse.A.hadtriedB.hadnttriedC.havetriedD.didnttry8.Hedemandedthatthelaboratoryreport_immediatelyaftertheeXPerimentwasdone.A.waswrittenB.bewrittenC.mustbewrittenD.wouldbewritten9.IfonlyI_howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.A.hadknownB.wouldknowC.shouldknowD.knew10.Ifhe_totheteacherattentivel
17、y,he_theanswertotheproblemnow.A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened,wouldknowC.listened,wouldhaveknownD.hadlistened,wouldknow11.Iwouldhavecomeearlier,butI_thatyouwerewaitingforme.A.didntknowB.hadntknowC.wouldhaveknownD.haventknown12.ItisreallystrangethatMarry,whoisstillacollegestudnet,_soearly.A.ha
18、sbeenmarriedB.hasmarriedC.bemarriedD.wouldmarry13.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents_twoweekstopreparefortheexam.A.giveB.shouldgiveC.begivenD.wouldbegiven14.Iwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseI_yourbirthdayparty.A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended15.Thetwostrangerstalkedasift
19、hey_friendsforyears.A.wereB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen16.Itisimportantthatyou_acommunicationwithMr.Williansimmediately.A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave17.Itishightimewe_upourresults.A.sumB.summedC.willsumD.wouldsum18.Ifthedoctorhadbeenavailable,thechild_.A.wouldnotdieB.wouldnothavediedC.couldnotdieD
20、.couldnothavedied19.Icantstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_everything.A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown20.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,I_himattheairport.A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmeetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet21.Kunarcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.ha
21、staughtD.wouldteach22.Iwouldhavecalledyouupforhelphaditbeenpossible,butI_yourphonenumberthen.A.hadnthadB.didnthaveC.shouldnthaveD.couldnthave23.Ifit_anothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.A.hadrainedB.wouldhadrainedC.haveseenD.didsee24.Hesuggestedthatthey_useatrickinsteadoffighting.A.should
22、B.wouldC.doD.had25.“Whydidntyoubuyanewcar?”“IwouldhaveboughtoneifI_enoughmoney.”A.hadB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.hadhad26.Irecommendedthatthestudent_hiscompositionassoonaspossible.A.finishingwritingB.shouldfinishthewritingC.finishwritingD.finishedwriting27.TheBakersarrivedlastnight,iftheydonlyletusknowear
23、lier,_atthestation.A.wedmeetthemB.wellmeetthemC.wedhavemetthemD.wevemetthem28.Wemighthavefailedifyou_usahelpinghand.A.havenotgivenB.wouldnotgiveC.hadnotgivenD.didnotgive29.TheLawrequiresthateveryone_hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.A.hasB.hadCwillhaveD.have30ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohn_nomorebooksfromt
24、helibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehadborrowed.A.willtakeB.tookC.takeD.takes31.Thencameawordfromourbossthatweall_atpresentathisofficerightaway.A.beB.tobeC.wouldbeD.shallbe32.-HelencouldntgottoFranceafterall.-Thatstoobad,Imsureshewouldhaveenjoyeditif_.A.shesgoneB.shellgoC.shedgoneD.shedgo33Imustgot
25、hereearlier.JohnhassuggestedthatI_anhourbeforethediscussionbegins.A.goB.shallgoC.willgoD.wouldgo34.Butfortheguidanceofourinstructor(导师),we_intheeXPeriment.A.shouldntsucceedB.couldnothavesucceedC.willnotsucceedD.shouldnothavesucceeded35.Inthepastmengenerallywouldratherthattheirwives_inthehome.A.worke
26、dB.wouldworkC.workD.wereworking.36.Johndidnotfeelwellyesterday;otherwisehe_toseehisclassmatesoff.A.cameB.wouldcomeC.wouldhavecomeD.shouldbecoming37.Itsabouttimepeople_noticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtake38Somepeoplearetooparticularaboutschoolrecords,insistingthateveryap
27、plicant_alldiplomasfromelementaryschooltouniversity.A.hasB.willhaveC.shouldhaveD.musthave39.Withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftodaysadvancedtechnology_.A.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachievedC.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved40.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthes
28、un_roundtheearth.A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling41.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,_asuddenloudnoise.A.beingthereB.shouldtherebeC.therewasD.therehavingbeen42._morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.A.IfthecaptainwereB.HadthecaptainbeenC.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthe
29、captainwouldhavebeen43.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_inlove，attheageofseven，withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldnthavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall44.Sheinsistedthatshe_illofhimbehindhim，buthedidntbelieveit.A.hadntspokenB.shouldntspeakC.wouldntspeakD.notspeak
30、45.Shecouldnthaveansweredthequestionifshe_afewbooksonworldhistory.A.hadntreadB.hasntreadC.wouldntreadD.didntread46.IwenttothemeetingyesterdaybecauseI_nothingaboutthediscussionwithoutattendingit.A.didntknowB.wouldknowC.knewD.wouldhaveknown47.Isntitabouttimethatyou_topickupthevisitorsfromNewYork?A.wen
31、tB.shouldgoC.goD.willgo48.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater，itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken49.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe_toyourplan.A.didntagreeB.hadntagreedC.wouldntagreeD.notagree50.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_freeimmediately.A.did;setB.haddo
32、ne;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbeset51.Ifyou_toseeMary,whatwouldyoutellher?AareBwillbegoingChadDwere52.Ifthewholeoperation_beforehand,agreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost.AwasnotplannedBhasnotbeenplannedChadnotbeenplannedDwerenotplanned53.IfI_harderatschool,Iwouldbesittinginacomfortableo
33、fficenow.AhadworkedBworkedCweretoworkDwereworking54.IwishI_longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.AcouldhavesleptBsleptCmighthavesleptDhaveslept55.“Youareveryselfish.Itshightimeyou_youarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,”Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.AhaverealizedBrealisedCrealizeDshouldreali
34、se56.IfIhadntstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you_now.AwouldntbesmilingBcouldnthavesmiledCwontsmileDdidntsmile57._formyillness,Iwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.ANotbeingBHaditnotbeenCwithoutbeingDNothavingbeen58.Wereshetoleaverightnow,she_thereonSunday.AhadgotBmighthavegotCwouldgotDhasgot59.Thechildreninthebackseatmighthavebeenseriouslyinjuredifthedriver_thattheywearseatbelts.AhasntbeeninsistingBhadntinsistedCwouldntinsistDwasntinsisting60.ifonlyI_morecarefulthatday!AcouldbeBwouldhavebeenCshouldbeDhadbeen