三年(2017-2019)高考真题英语分项汇编：专题09定语从句【汇编】.pdf

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1、三年（ 2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编：专题09 定语从句 三年（ 2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编 专题 09 定语从句 一、 2019 年高考真题 1.【2019 江苏卷 单项填空】21.We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. what C. when D. that 【答案】 C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意： 我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最 大。句中先行词为an age （一个时代） ，且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关

2、系词用when。 故选 C。 2. 【2019天津卷 单项填空】11.Their child is at the stage_ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A. why B. where C. which D. what 【答案】 B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。 句中 she can say individual words but not full sentences 是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage， 关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词wher

3、e，故选 B。 3.【2019 新课标 I卷 短文改错】 One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. 【答案】One afternoon where when I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon 表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词 使用 when。故将 where 改为 when。 4. 【2019新课标 II 卷 语

4、法填空】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield ， _62_ she opened with her late husband Les. 【答案】 where 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性 定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。 5.【2019 新课标 III 卷语法填空】 They were well trained by their masters _64_ had great experience

5、 with caring for these animals. 【答案】 who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意： 它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物 方面很有经验。先行词为 masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。 6.【2019新课标 III 卷 短文改错】In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them. 【答案】 In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in

6、the historical environment what that/ which is creat ed for them. 【解析】本句考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用 that/which 。故把 what 改为 that/which。 7. 【2019浙江卷 语法填空】 On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _58_gives off light in the dark. 【答案】 that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth ，指

7、物，从句中缺少主语， 因此，可以用that 或 which 引导。故填that/which 。 8. 【2019北京卷 语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than _8_ they go. 【答案】 where 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这 里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。 9.【2019 北京卷 语法填空】 The students benefitting most from college are those _9_ are total

8、ly engaged( 参与 )in academic life. 【答案】 who/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。 _3_ are totally engaged(参与 )in academic life. 是定语从句， 修饰先行词those，空格处在句 中作主语，代指人，故填who 或 that。 二、 2018 年高考真题 1.【2018北京】 5. She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit. A. which B. who C. as D. that 【

9、答案】 A 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。 “ _ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主 语，故该从句应用关系代词which 引导。 A 选项正确。 点睛： 非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分，也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和 限制性定语从句的判断规则一致，即：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所 作的成分。需要注意的是，that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。 2.【2018 天津】2. Kae, _sister I shared a room with when

10、we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. A. whom B. that C. whose D. her 【答案】 C 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我 和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister 的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选 C。 点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点： 1.找准先行词； 2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断 出正确的关系词。 3.【2018

11、 江苏】23. Self-driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. A. that B. where C. which D. when 【答案】 B 【解析】 考查定语从句。 句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。 句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选 B。 点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点： 1.找准先行词。 2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓

12、住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断 出正确的关系词。 4. 【2018新课标 I 卷 语法填空】 Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause). 【答案】 that 或 which 【解析】 考查定语从句的关系词。此处 a study 是先行词， 其在

13、定语从句中作主语，故填 that 或 which。 4.【2018新课标 I 卷 短文改错】 They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish. 【答案】which 改成 in which 或 where 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond 是 先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which 或 where 。 5.【2018 新课

14、标II卷 语法填空】 The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _started_ (start) a soil-testing program _69_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 【答案】 that 或 which 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives 可知，该空缺少

15、主语，指代 program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。 6.【2018 新课标 II 卷 语法填空】 Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 【答案】 that 或 who 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners 指人，在定语从 句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that 。 三

16、、 2017 年高考真题 1. 【2017北京卷】31. The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. A. that B. as C. where D. when 【答案】 A 【解析】试题分析： 句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。_ we meet in our daily lives 是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems ，用 that。 考点：考查定语从句。 【名师点睛】 定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who, w

17、hom, whose, that, which, as 等）和关系副词 （when, where, why 等） 。 1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语，定语等 成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings. The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line. 2. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人

18、称和数要和先行词保持一致。 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略（非限定性定语从句中不可省略）。 e.g. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions. I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion. The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesn t fit me. 3. 非限定性定语从

19、句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that, 关系副词 why, 不可用于 非限定性定语从句。 4. 作介词宾语的关系代词 在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词， whom 用于 指人， which 用于指物，不能用that。 e.g. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department. Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department. The room in which my fa

20、mily live used to be a garage. 2.【2017江苏】 28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. A. which B. it s C. whose D. whom 【答案】 C 【解析】 试题分析：考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme ”，“ 世界粮食项目” 的目的 之一是 ， whose 在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选 C。句意： 1963

21、 年联合国建立了世 界粮食计划署， 其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。 考点：考查定语从句 3. 【2017天津】9. My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. A. that B. whose C. his D. who 【答案】 B 【解析】 试题分析： 本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是My eldest son, 根据句意和空后名词确 定引导词在从句中作定语，选项中只有whose 修饰名词作定语。故选B。 考点：考查定语从句。 【名师点睛】 定语从句的考

22、查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whom, as， who 在句中做主语，宾语，表语;whose 做定语； where, why, when 在句中做地点，原因和时 间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。 2016 年高考真题 1.【2016北京】 22. I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise. A. whose B. why C. where D. which 【答案】 A 【解析】 试题分析： 题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple 是

23、先行词， 这对夫妻的孩子很吵， children 和 couple 是所属关系，故用whose 作定语， whose children 相当于 the children of whom，故选 A。 考点：考查定语从句 2.【2016江苏】 23.Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those 【答案】 C 【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Man

24、y young people，关系代 词 whom 指代先行词，在定语从句中作为介词of 的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地 区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都是受过良好教育。故C正确。 【名师点睛】 “ of whom / which”引导的定语从句：在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示整 体中的一部分，即表示“ 部分与整体 ” 的关系时，用of which / whom 或者 of which / whom 都可以。但与表示所属关系不同，这里不能用whose 来代替 of which。 一、表示整体中的部分 The buses, most of which were alread

25、y full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多 数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。 I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我拣起那些苹果，其中有一些伤得很 厉害。 I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋， 六个在我失 手掉了盒子时摔碎了。 There are two bottles left, one of which is almost finish

26、ed and the other of which is not quite. 只 剩两瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶没完全喝完。 The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 这些宝藏 已送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。 二、表示所属关系 He s written a book, the name of which I ve forgotten.他写了一本书，书名我忘了。 句中的 the name of which=whose name 。 It was an agre

27、ement the details of which could not be altered. 这是一项其细节不可更改的协 定。 句中的 the details of which=whose details 。 考点：考查定语从句 3.【2016浙江】 11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of _ has been proved. A. whom B. which C. what D. that 【答案】 B 【解析】 试题分析： 句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流

28、泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个 被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theories ，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词 +关系代词 which 引导。故选B。 考点：考查定语从句。 【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as， who 在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when 在句中做地点， 原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。如果是 代词 +of+关系代词，注意先行词是人用whom ，先行词是物用which。 4. 【2016天津】9. We will

29、put off the picnic in the park until next week, _ the weather may be better. A. that B. where C. which D. when 【答案】 D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语 从句，先行词是next week ，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。 考点：考查定语从句。 【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as， who 在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；whe

30、re, why, when 在句中做地点， 原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。 三年（ 2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编：专题13 阅读理解广告、新闻类 三年（ 2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编 专题 13 阅读理解广告类、新闻类 一、 2019 年高考真题 1. 【2019 全国卷 I，A】 Need a Job This Summer? The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. Th

31、e deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program. Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round. Jobs for Youth If you are a teenager living in certain par

32、ts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条 件)for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training. Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区 ). Summer Company Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to

33、$3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses. Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer. Who is eli

34、gible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year. Summer Employment Opportunities( 机会 ) Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related a

35、gencies and community groups. Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability. 21. What is special about Summer Company? A. It requires no training before employment. B. It provides awards for running new businesses

36、. C. It allows one to work in the natural environment. D. It offers more summer job opportunities. 22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program? A. 15-18. B. 15-24. C. 15-29. D. 16-17. 23. Which program favors the disabled? A. Jobs for Youth. B. Summer Company. C. Stewardsh

37、ip Youth Ranger Program. D. Summer Employment Opportunities. 【语篇解读】 本文为应用文。 本文叙述了省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学 生暑期在找到工作。 21.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据Summer Company 部分中的 “ Summer Company provides students with .awards of up to 3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses” 可 知“Summer Company 为学生提供高达3000 美元的奖励， 来开始和

38、经营他们自己的暑 期业务 ” 。“start and run their own summer businesses”即“ 为开办新的业务” ，这对应B 项中的 “runn new businesses ”，二者是词义之间的转述关系。故选B。 22.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据Stewardship Youth Ranger Program 部分中的第二段 “ Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year. ”可知 “ 符合条件的学

39、生：16 岁或 17 岁的学生，但在今年12 月 31 日之前未满18 岁” 。由此得出， 这个项目要求年龄在16-17 岁之间。分析选项可知D 项符合题意， 故 选 D。 23.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据Summer Employment Opportunities部分中的最后一段最后 一句 “Who is eligible: .S ome positions require students to be 15to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability”,可知 Summer Employment Opportunities 有些职位是给残

40、疾 人的。分析选项可知，D 项符合题意，故选D。 2. 【2019 全国卷 II，A】 My Favourite Books Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列 )of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads. Matilda Roald Dahl I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahls writing and it

41、gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matildas battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres ，Miss Trunchbull ，are equally fumy and frightening ，but theyre also aspirational. After Dark Haruki Murakami It s about two sisters-Eri， a model who either won t or ca

42、n t stop sleeping， and Mari, a young student . In trying to connect to her sister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse ” night people” who are hiding secrets. Gone Girl Gillian Fynn There was a bit of me that didnt want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but

43、 the horror story is brilliant. Theres tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. Its a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise whats going on is horribly enjoyable The Stand Stephen King This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytelle

44、rs around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the worlds population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever. 21. Who does “I“ refer to in the text? A. Stephen King. B. Gillian Flynn. C. Jo Usmar. D. Roald Dahl 22. Whi

45、ch of the following tells about Mari and Eri? A. Cosmopolitan. B. Matilda . C. After Dark . D. The Stand. 23. What kind of book is G one Girl ?) A. A folk tale. B. A biography. C. A love story. D. A horror story. 【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了作家Jo Usmar 最喜欢的书籍。 21.C 【解析】 细节理解题。 由 Matilda 中的 “ I once wrote a pa

46、per on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words ” 可知，我曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德 达尔写作有影响的论文，这篇 论文让我对他奇怪而有趣的文字有了新的认识。所以 Jo Usmar在介绍 Matilda 这本书， 用第一人称“I ”口吻来说明自己曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德 达尔写作有影 响的论文。所以“I ”指的是 Jo Usmar。故 C 选项正确。 22.C 【解析】

47、 细节理解题。由 After Dark 中的 “ It s about two sister-Eri,a model who either won t or can t stop sleeping, and Mari,a young student”可知，故事讲的是两个姐妹-Eri 是一 个突然一觉不醒的模特。玛丽，是一个充满青春活力的学生。所以After Dark 中讲述 了 Eri 和 Mari 的故事。故C 选项正确。 23.C 【解析】细节理解题。由Gone Girl 中的 “ but the horror story is brilliant”可知，但是 这个恐怖的故事很精彩。所以G

48、one Girl 讲述的是一个恐怖故事。故D 选项正确。 3. 【2019 全国卷 III ， A】 OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS Animals Out of Paper Yolo！Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph ，in which an origami( 折纸术 )artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Fe

49、b.12.(West Park Presbyterian Church，165 W.86th St.212-868-4444.) The Audience Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan ，about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld，236 W.45th St.212-239-6200.) Hamilton Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this