人教新目标英语:七年级上册Unit2Thisismysister语法及词汇精讲.pdf

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1、人教新目标英语:七年级上册Unit2Thisismysister语法及词汇精讲 语法透视:人称代词用法 人称代词主宾格,作用不同莫用错。 主格动词前做主,动词介词后宾格。 you 和 it 主宾同,其他主宾须分清。 人称代词并列现,尊重他人礼当先。 单数人称二三一,复数人称一二三。 若把错误责任担,第一人称我靠前。 说明:英语人称代词是用来表示 “ 我” 、“ 你” 、“ 他” 、“ 她” 、“ 它” 、“ 我们” 、“ 你们” 、 “ 他们” 的代词。英语人称代词有单复数和主宾格的变化。详见下表: 数 格 人 称 单数复数 主格宾格主格宾格 第一人称I me we us 第二人称you yo

2、u you you 第三人称 he him they them she her it it 用法: 1.人称代词主格用来作主语,一般放在谓语动词之前。例如: I am from China.我来自中国。 We are good friends. 我们是好朋友。 He often plays basketball on the playground. 他经常在操场上打篮球。 2.人称代词宾格用来作宾语,放在动词或介词的后面。例如: Mr. Wang teaches us English. 王老师教我们英语。 Let me help you.让我来帮你。 Whats wrong with him

3、? 他怎么了? 3.两个或两个以上的人称代词并列作主语时,排列顺序为: 单数人称二、 三、一, 复数人称一、二、三。例如: You ,she and I are good friends. 我,你和她都是好朋友。 We, you and they all like music.我们,你们和他们都喜欢音乐。 4.当 I 与其他词语一起并列作主语时,I 要放在后面,但承认错误时,I 要放在前 面。例如: She and I are in the same school. 她和我在同一个学校。 I and he make mistakes. 我和他犯了错误。 语法精讲:指示代词 指示代词( demo

4、nstrative pronoun)是表示指示概念的代词,即用来指示或 标识人或事物的代词。指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样,都具有指定的含义, 用来起指示作用,或用来代替前面已提到过的名词。 指示代词的分类 指示代词分单数( this / that )和复数( these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词 又可做代词,例如: 单数 复数 限定词: This girl is Mary.Those men are my teachers. 代词:This is Mary.Those are my teachers. 指示代词的句法功能 指示代词在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。 1、作主

5、语 This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。 2、作宾语 I like this better than that. 我更加喜欢这个。 3、作介词宾语 I dont say no to that. 我并未拒绝那个。 There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。 4、 作表语 My point is this.我的观点就是如此。 5、作定语 This room is mine. 这间房间是我的。 指示代词的用法 1、this 和 these 指在时间或空间上较近的人或者事物,that 和 those 指在时间或 空间上较远的人或者事物。例如: T

6、his is a pen and that s an eraser. 这是一支笔,那是块橡皮擦。 This is a boy and those are girls. 这是个男孩,那些是女孩。 2、指示代词所指的对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语境。如: I liked this movie today better than that concert last night. 我喜欢今天的这个电影,胜过昨晚的那个音乐会。 3、指示代词具有名词和形容词性质,既可指人也可指物。但是在相当于名 词时一般指物多于指人。如: I found this wallet. I found this. 我找到

7、了这只皮夹子。我找到了这个。 (this 等于 this wallet) Is she going to marry that man? 她打算跟那人结婚吗?(that man 不得用 that 代替,否则有轻蔑之意) 4、相当于名词的指示代词在句中作主语时,则指物指人均可。如: What are these? 那些是什么?(指物) This is Bill. Is that George? 我是比尔。你是乔治吗?(电话用语) (指人) 5、打电话过程中,介绍自己时通常用this 指代“ 我” ,不用代词 I;询问对方时 用 that 指代“ 你” ,不用代词 you。例如: -Hello.

8、This is Mary. Whos that? 喂,我是玛丽。你是谁? -This is Tom. 我是汤姆。 6、当指示代词所指的事物已确定时,后面的指示代词则用it 或 they 代替。 如: This (suit) is expensive, isnt it? 这套衣服昂贵,不是吗? “Are those yours?“ “Yes, they are.“ “ 那些是你的吗? ”“是的,它们是我的。” 注意事项 1、指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能 指人,例如: (对)That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。( that 作主语,指人) (

9、对)He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。 (this 作限定词) (错)He is going to marry this.(this 作宾语时不能指人) (对)I bought this.我买这个。 (this 指物,可作宾语 ) 2、that 和 those 可作定语从句的先行词,但this 和 these 不能,同时,在作先 行词时,只有 those 可指人,试比较: (对) He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。 (对) He admired those who looked b

10、eautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。 (those 指人) (错) He admired that who danced well.(that 作宾语时不能指人) (对) He admired those who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。(those 指人) (对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。 (those 指物) 3、在回答指示代词作主语的特殊问句时,如果指示代词指人,其回答中的主语 仍可以用相应的指示代词, 也可以用 it 或者 they;但指事物时, 只能用 it 或者 they

11、。 例如: Who s that? Thats/Its Liu Dehua.那是谁?那是刘德华。 What are those? They are basketballs. 那些是什么?那些是篮球。 4、在回答指示代词作主语的一般疑问句时,不管指示代词指人还是指物,答语 中都用 it 或 they。例如: Is this a ruler? Yes, it is. Are those your friends? No, they arent. 5、为避免重复,有时可用that 或 those 来代替前面已提到过的人或事物;用 this 或 these 来代替下文中将要提过的人或事物。例如: Sh

12、es very friendly, and that is why we all love her. 她很友善,这就是我们都喜 欢她的原因。 You needn t do this It s pretty easy. 你不必做这事,那相当容易。 6、 向别人介绍某个人时, 要说“ This is . ”, 而不说 “ That is . ”, 也不能说 “ He is . ” 或“ She is . ”。介绍两个人时,先用 “ This is . ”介绍一个人,然后用 “ That is . ” 介绍另一个人。如: This is Li Ming. Li Ming, this is Wei H

13、ua. 这是李明。李明,这是魏华。 This is my brother and that is my sister. 这是我哥哥,那是我妹妹。 易混淆单词和短语辨析 1. 辨析:this, that, it this 指代距离说话人较近的人或物,复数形式为these 。 that 指代距离说话人较远的人或物,复数形式为those。 it 指性别不明的婴儿、身份不明的人或是只闻其声未见其 人,或代替前文中所提到的事物。 例:This is an apple tree. 这是一棵苹果树。 That is an orange tree. 那是一棵桔子树。 It s a nice picture.

14、Whos in it? 非常漂亮的照片,上面的人是谁? It s me.是我。 The pen doesn t work. Its Lilys.这支钢笔坏了。它是莉莉的。 2. 辨析: of 所有格与 s所有格 of 所有格一般用于无生命的东西的名词。 s所有格一般用于表示有生命的东西的名词。 例:a map of the world 一幅世界地图the window of the room 房间的窗户 Jims ruler 吉姆的尺子Janes family photo 简的家庭照片 3. 辨析:family, home, house family 主要指家庭成员或家庭。 home 指与家人

15、共同居住的地方;做副词,意为“ 在家,到家 ” 。 house 指建筑物,意为 “ 房子,住宅 ” 。 例:My father is at home.我爸爸在家。 They live in a big house.他们住在一栋大房子里。 He goes on holiday with his family.他和家人一起去度假。 4. 辨析: photo, picture photo常指用相机拍摄而成的相片,即“照片” 。 picture通常指一幅图画,凡是有图的东西都可以称为picture, 既可以指照片也可以指画。 例:Look at the picture/photo of your fa

16、ther. 看这张你爸爸的照片。 Draw a picture of the flower.给那朵花画一张画。 核心词汇精讲 1. parent /pe?r?nt/ n. 父(母)亲 parents 指父母双亲, 用复数形式, 相当于 father and mother,作主语时谓语用复 数。而 parent 指父亲或母亲,父母中的一个人,相当于father or(或)mother, 作主语时谓语用单数。 例:My parents are teachers. 我的父母是老师。 She is from a single parent family. 她来自单亲家庭。 2. grandparent

17、 /? gr? npe ?r?nt/ n.祖父(母);外祖父(母)。 grandparent 相当于grandfather or grandmother,为单数形式,指一个人; grandparents相当于 grandfather and grandmother,意为“祖父母;外祖父母” , 为复数形式,指两个人。 例:They are my grandparents. 他们是我的祖父母。 拓展:这是一个合成词,由“grand+parent”构成。类似此结构的合成词还有: grandfather(外)祖父, grandson(外)孙子, granddaughter(外)孙女。 3. fami

18、ly / f? m?li/ n.家;家庭。 family 作“家里人”讲时,指祖父母、父母和子女每个成员,此时谓语动词用复 数。family 作“家、家庭”讲时,是指由祖父母、父母和子女组成的集合体,此 时谓语动词用单数形式。 例:My family are all fond of going to the cinema. 我的全家人都爱看电影。 My family is very large. 我家是个大家庭。 辨析: family, home, house 单词词义例句 family family 主要指家庭成员或大家 庭。 My family are all tall. 我全家 人的个子

19、都很高。 home 是一个人与家人共同居住的地 方/环境;作副词是“在家、回 家、到家”的意思。 He is at home now. 他现在在 家。 house 是建筑物,表示“房子、住宅” 。 They live in a large beautiful house. 他们住在一幢又大又漂亮的 房子里。 4. those /e?z/ pron.那些 those 指示代词,意为“那些” ,是指示代词 that 的复数形式。 其对应词为 these, 意为“这些”,是指示代词 this 的复数形式。 例:Those are his brothers. 那些是他的兄弟们。 辨析: these,

20、those 单词用法例句 these those (1)在空间上离说话人位置距离 较近的多人 /多物用 these (这些) , 在空间上离说话人位置距离较远 的多人 /多物用 those(那些) 。 These are pens. Those are pencils. 这些是钢笔,那些是 铅笔。 (2)在时间上表示现在或将来的 时间/ 事情用 these,表示过去的 时间/事情用 those。 The students work hard (in) these days. 现在学生们学习 很努力。 5. who / hu:/ pron. 谁;什么人 who 疑问代词,意为“谁” 。Who i

21、s/are ?是对人物进行提问的句型,回答时, 注意根据人物的性别选用适当的人称代词。 例: Who is she? 她是谁? She is Mary. 她是玛丽。 Who are they/他们是谁? They are my parents. 他们是我的父母。 6. they/ee?/pron. 他(她,它)们 为第三人称代词主格,放到动词前充当句子的主语,而且是第三人称单数代词 he, she, it的复数形式。常用they 代替 these/those 进行简略回答。 例:They like their school. 他们喜欢他们的学校。 Are these/ those pencil

22、 sharpeners ?这些 /那些是铅笔刀吗? Yes, they are. /No, they aren t. 是的,它们是。 /不,它们不是。 7. well/ wel/ interj. 嗯;好吧 well 用作感叹词,在不同的语境中有不同的含义。表示惊讶的意思是“嘿”;表 示快慰,安心时意思是“好啦” ;表示同意、期望、让步时意思是“喂、好吧”; 表示谈话重新开始时, 意思是“喔、那么” ;表示无可奈何时, 意思是“嗯、唉” 。 例:Well, that is over. 好了,结束了。 Well, you may be right. 好吧,你可能是对的。 Well, who is

23、it?那么,那是谁呢? Well, but what about the money?好吧,但是钱怎么说呢? Well, then?嗯,后来怎么啦? 8. have /h?v/ v.经受;经历 例:I hope you have a good day. 我希望你过得愉快。 拓展: (1)have表示“上,进行,学习,练习” 。 例:We have two classes in the afternoon. 下午我们上两节课。 (2)have 表示“有”,主语是第一、二人称(无论单、复数)或第二人称复数 的人或物(如: I, you, we, they, Tom and Jim 等)时,谓语用

24、have。当主语是第三 人称单数 he, she, it或单数的人、物时,谓语动词用has。 例:Tom and John have many friends. 汤姆和约翰有许多朋友。 Mary has big eyes. 玛丽长着大大的眼睛。 (3)have还有“吃,喝,吸(烟) ”的意思,是吃的一种通俗说法。 例:I have lunch at school every day. 我每天在学校吃午饭。 Will you have a cigarette?吸支烟好吗? 9. day/ de?/ n.一天;一日;白天 常用短语: every day每天, in the day在白天, all

25、day 整天,some day/one day 某天。 例:We can t see the stars in the day. 我们在白天看不到星星。 10. son/ s?n/ n.儿子 对应词为 daughter 例:The woman has a son and a daughter. 这个女人有一个儿子和一个女儿。 拓展: son的同音词为 sun,意为“太阳”。 11. cousin / k?zn/n. 堂兄(弟、姊、妹);表兄(弟、姊、妹) 例:I have six cousin. 我有 6 个堂兄弟。 拓展: cousin后的介词常用 of。例: She is a cousin

26、 of mine. 她是我的一个表姐。 12. uncle / ?kl/ n.舅父;叔父;伯父;姑父;姨夫 在英语中,比自己长一辈的除父亲之外的所有男性亲属均可称之为uncle。当 uncle 后面接名字时,其首字母应大写。 例:Uncle Mike 迈克叔叔 13. here / h?(r) /adv. (用以介绍某人或某物)这就是;在这里 here 对应词为 there。 例:Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 14. photo / f?t? / n. 照片 photo 的复数形式是 photos。photo 是 photograph 的缩写形式,主要指用照相机 拍出

27、来的“照片”,take a photo 照相,拍照。 例:This photo is very old. 这张照片很旧了。 This is a photo of my family. 这是我家的一张家庭照。 单词辨析例句 picture picture 使用范围较广,一般指“图画、Draw a picture of that 图片、照片、影片”等。tree.给那棵树画一幅画。 photo 照片,相当于 picture。Can you take a photo of me? 你能给我拍一张照 片吗? 15. next / nekst/ adj. a C.an; the D. an; an 2.

28、-Is this a photo _ your family? -Yes ,it is. A. to B. of C. in D.a 3. This is Ms.Smith.My mother is hersister.Shes my _. A. uncle B. grandmother C.grandfather D. aunt 4. -Are your father and your mother inthe picture? -_.They are my uncle and my aunt. A. Yes, they re B No, they aren t CYes, they are

29、 D No, those arent 5. Kate has two cousins. _ are Sallyand Frank. A. This B. That C.They D. You 6. - is the boy behind you? - Hes my brother. A. What B.How much C. Where D. Who 7. - How much are these pens? - 15 yuan. A. These are B.They are C. This is D. It is 8. - What are those? - arecakes. A. Th

30、at B.These C. Those D. They 9. - Hello, Tina. is my friend, Helen. - Nice to meet you, Helen. A. This B.That C. He D. She 10. This _ a ball and these _my keys. A. is; is B.is; are C.are; is D.are; are 11. Here _ two black pens. They areLily s. A. be B. am C.is D. are 12. Jack is my mothers brother.

31、He is my_. A. brother B. aunt C.uncle D.cousin 13. My mother _inthe_photo. A. is; one B. are; one C. are; first D.is; first 14. _are my cousins. A. This B. She C. That D.These 15. -Have a good day, Jane! -_. A Im OK B.No, thanks C. Thank you D. Yes , please 二、阅读理解(共25 小题,计25 分) A The Smith family li

32、ke sports very much. They have a basketball, asoccer ball, two tennis bats, four pingpong bats, some pingpong balls and sometennis balls. Mr. Smith and his son John play basketball every afternoon. Mrs.Smith and her daughter Sally play pingpong every morning. The family playsoccer or tennis on the w

33、eekends. John likes soccer very much, but Sallydoesnt like it. She likes tennis more. 根据短文内容,判断下列句子正误。正确的用“ A” 表示,不正确 的用 “B”表示。 16. The Smith family have a basketball,asoccer ball and a volleyball. 17. The Smith family play basketball andsoccer every day. 18. The Smith family has four people. 19. Sa

34、lly and John like soccer. 20. Sally doesn t like tennis. B My name is Emma. Im an English girl. Imin Beijing with my parents now. My parents work here. Today is Friday, June 1.It s my birthday. Its Childrens Day, too. Its hot. My father and motherdon t go to work this afternoon. They go shopping for

35、 my birthday party. In theafternoon I go to the Children s Palace( 少年宫 ) with my cousins and my friends. We sing, dance and play gamestogether(一起 ). I have abirthday party in the evening. I get many presents from my father, my mother,my cousins and my friends. How happy I am! 根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。 21. Emma

36、 comes from . A. China B. America C. England D.France 22. - What is the weather liketoday? - It is . A. cold B. cool C. warm D.hot 23. What do Emmas parents do in theafternoon? A. They go to work. B. They go to thepark. C. They go shopping. D. They go swimming. 24. Emma goes to in the afternoon. A.

37、the park B.the zoo C. the Childrens Palace D. the Childrens Cinema 25. Emma doesn t today. A. sing or play games B. do her homework C. get any presents D.dance or play games C 根据短文内容,从方框中选出恰当的单词或短语填空,使语意通顺 完整。第一个方框供26 30 小题选用,第二个方框供31 35 小题 选用。每个选项只能使用一次,每框有一项剩余。 A. uncle B. school C. these D. who E

38、. last F. aunt This is my family photo.You can see my family in it. 26 are my grandparents.They have a son and adaughter. My fathers first name is Edie. His 27 name is Brown.My father has a sister. Her nameis Mandy Brown. She is my 28 She is a teacher in a middle 29 Look at the boy! 30 is he? It s m

39、e !I love my family! A. name B. are C. friends D. color E. sisters F. photo Hello !My name isFrank Green.My first name is Frank.My last name is GreenThis is a 31 ofmy family.This is my father. His favorite(最 喜 欢 的 ) 32 is black.And his favorite number isthree. His telephone number is 0987901.This is

40、 my mother She is nice.Her phone number is 8976743.Whois that girl next to(紧挨 着) her ? She is mysister, Alice. My grandparents 33 in the picture, too And they are in China now.What s the 34 of the dog ?It s Coco. My sister and I are his good 35 .I am not in the picture. 答案:26._ 27. _ 28. _ 29. _ 30.

41、 _ 31. _ 32._ 33. _ 34. _ 35. _ D 阅读短文,将下列方框中的句子还原到短文中合适的位置。 Hello!My name isTom. Im in No.9 Middle School. 36 Thisis my father. 37 He is an English teacher (老师 ) in my school. 38 She is a teacher,too. 39 Oh, no. She is my cousin, Maria. 40 He is in Linyi. 根据短文内容,从方框中选出五个句子填入文中空缺处,使短文内 容通顺完整。 A. And

42、 this is my mother, Julia Brown. B. This is a photo of my family. C. Is that girl my sister? D. My brother isnt in the photo. E. His name is Frank Brown. F. We are good friends. 答 案 : 36._ 37. _ 38. _ 39. _ 40. _ 三、词形转换(共8 小题,计16 分) 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空,每空格限填一词。 41. Jane, are _(that) your sisters? 42. Wh

43、o _(be) the girls? 43. Linda has three _(orange) 44. Look at the photo.These are my _(parent) 45. I have two good friends._(He)are Bob and Dale. 46. Those are orange _(bus). 47. Is Jane (she)friend? 48. Here are five_(family) 四、动词应用(共7 小题,计14 分) 根据短文内容,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空,必要时可加助 动词或情态动词。 This is Mr. Bla

44、ck s family photo. The manwith glasses (眼 镜) 49 (be)Mr. Black, the father. The woman 50 (be)the mother. They have a son and adaughter. The boy behind( 在 后 ) Mr. Black 51 (be). His name 52 Jack. He 53 (be)fourteen years old. Kate is Jack s sister. She is 12. Jack and Kate 54 (be)in the same school, b

45、ut they 55 (be)indifferent grades. Jack is in Grade Three and Kate is in Grade One. They aregood students. 五、阅读表达(共5 小题,计10 分) 根据短文内容,回答下列问题。 Hi, I m Gina. Those are my friends. Their (他们的 ) names are Jack, Grace andFrank. Jack and Grace are brother and sister. There are four people in theirfamily,

46、and their father and mother are teachers. They also have a dog. Thedog s name is Bob. Frank is a good boy. He is in a big family hisgrandparents, parents, aunt, uncle, cousin and him. His aunt s name is Linda.His uncles name is Tom. And the name of his cousin is Alan. 56. What is Graces father? _ 57. Whats the dog s name? _ 58. How many people are there in Franksfamily? _ 59. Who is Franks uncle? _ 60. Whats the name of Franks cousin? _ 六、书面表达(计20 分) 假如你是张丽,请用英语介绍你的全家福照片。照片上有六个人, 分别是你的爷爷,奶奶,爸爸,妈妈,哥哥和你本人。爷爷穿蓝色衣 服,奶奶穿黄色衣服。爸爸穿绿色,妈妈穿橘色。你是一个女孩。

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