北京市朝阳区2019届高三上学期期末考试英语试卷.pdf

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1、北京市朝阳区2019 届高三上学期期末考试英语试卷 北京市朝阳区 2018-2019 学年度第一学期期末质量检测 高三英语试卷 （考试时间 100 分钟满分 120 分) 本试卷共 10 页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分） 第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分, 共 15 分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内 容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括 号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A I love the desert _1_ it makes me feel spiritual. I espe

2、cially like the orange and red sunset in the desert. When the night _2_ (come), I lay my blanket, build a fire, and eat some dinner. Then I like lying on the sand and looking at the countless _3_ (star) in the sky. At this time I can feel more relaxed. Ill wait for another beautiful picture in the m

3、orning, the sunrise. 【答案】 1. because 2. comes3. stars 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者喜欢沙漠，喜欢在沙漠中做很多的事情。 【 1 题详解】 考查连词。句意：我喜欢沙漠，因为它让我感到精神上的愉悦。分析句子可知，本句缺少连接词， 根据句意可知，前后句表示因果关系，所以填从属连词because。故填 because. 【 2 题详解】 考查一般现在时。句意：当夜晚来临的时候，我铺好毯子，生起篝火，吃着晚餐。分析句子可知， 本句为一般现在时，从句的主语为the night,所以谓语为comes。故填 comes. 【 3 题详解】 考查

4、名词复数。句意：我喜欢躺在沙子上，看着天空中数不尽的星星。 star为可数名词，这里指数不 尽的星星，所以用star的复数 stars。故填 stars. B As the world s population grows, a lot of wild animals _4_ (force) to leave their natural home. Many wild animals are in danger. People kill them for food or fur, or because they compete with humans for food supplies. _5

5、_ (lucky), animal rescue organizations are working hard _6_ (preserve) endangered animals and give them help. More and more people are realizing the importance of protecting wild animals. 【答案】 4. are forced 5. Luckily6. to preserve 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。介绍了许多野生动物都处在濒临灭绝的危险中，动物救援组织努力地保护野生动 物，越来越多的人意识到保护野生动物的重

6、要性。 【4 题详解】 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：随着世界人口的增长，许多野生动物被迫离开他们的家园。分 析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主句为a lot of wild animals ，谓语为forced,主语与谓语为被动。 故填 are forced. 【5 题详解】 考查副词。句意：幸运的是，动物救援组织正在努力保护濒危动物并向它们提供帮助。Luckily 为副 词，置于句首，修饰整个句子。故填Luckily. 【6 题详解】 动词不定式。句意：幸运的是，动物救援组织正在努力保护濒危动物并向它们提供帮助。分析句子 可知，动词不定式作目的状语，所以填to preserve。故填to

7、preserve. C Smokejumpers are a special type of firefighter. They jump from planes into areas that are difficult to reach by car or on foot. When they arrive there, they first examine the land and decide _7_to fight the fire. Their main goal is to stop a fire from _8_ (spread). They will use basic eq

8、uipment to clear land of plants and other dry materials. The work is dangerous, _9_ they love being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As 38-year-old Alexi Tishin, who _10_ (work) as a smokejumper for 15 years, says, “ This is the best job for tough guys.” 【答案】 7. how8.

9、 spreading 9. but10. has worked 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了空降森林灭火员的工作性质和主要任务。 【7 题详解】 考查疑问副词。句意：当他们到达那里时，他们首先考察这片土地并决定如何灭火。分析句子可知， decide为及物动词， 后接“疑问副词+动词不定式”作宾语， 根据句意，应用表示方式的疑问副词how。 故填 how. 【 8 题详解】 考查动名词。句意：他们的主要目标是阻止火势蔓延。from 为介词，后接动名词作宾语。spread“传 播，蔓延”这里为不及物动词，主动形式表达被动含义。故填spreading. 【 9 题详解】 考查连词。

10、句意：这份工作是很危险的，但他们喜欢从飞机上跳下来，救火，住在森林里。前后语 意表示转折，所以填连词but。故填but . 【 10 题详解】 考查现在完成时。句意： 38岁的Alexi Tishin，已做过15年空降森林灭火员，他说：“这是最适合 硬汉的工作。分析句子可知，38-year-old Alexi Tishin为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语，由句 意可知，定语从句的时态为现在完成时，所以填has worked。故填has worked. 【点睛】疑问代词who, what, which 等和疑问副词when, where, how 等后面跟不定式，构成不定式短 语。这种结构在句

11、中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等句子成分。分析句子可知，decide 为及 物动词，后接“疑问副词+动词不定式”作宾语，根据句意，应用表示方式的疑问副词how。故填 how. 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其 大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂 黑。 Survival in the Andes On October 13, 1972, a small plane flying to Chile accidentally crashed into a mountain in the A

12、ndes. How some of the passengers _11_ to live is one of the greatest survival stories ever told. The survivors _12_ inside the remains of the plane, using seat covers for blankets, and waited for a _13_ that never came. Days turned into weeks. It was urgent to find a way to _14_ . Three of the passe

13、ngers Canessa, Parrado, and Vizintin volunteered to _15_ through the mountains to search for help. When they left, each man wore similar clothes: three pairs of socks, a plastic bag _16_ each foot to keep the water out, boots, four pairs of trousers, and four sweaters. Many of the clothes came from

14、those who had died in the crash. The three men _17_ that they would survive and bring back help. For part of the first day, they were glad to make some _18_ . But as the land and weather changed, climbing became _19_ . After several days, they reached what they thought was the top. They had _20_ thi

15、s moment for days. On the other side of the top, they hoped, would be a _21_ leading down and out of the mountains. However, they saw the same snow-covered tops. All hope wasnt _22_. Although they were still in the middle of the mountains, Parrado _23_ two low tops far away that didn t have snow. If

16、 they could get there, they would be out of the Andes. Within the following days they walked toward the two low tops. Little by little, the landscape began to change. Snow _24_ completely, and flowers were everywhere. “ This is the valley, ” Canessa said . “This is the way _25_ . ” Then things of hu

17、manity started to appear a few cans on the ground, some farm animals in a field. By December 21, the extremely _26_ men made it to the town of Los Maitenes, and a rescue team was sent immediately to _27_ for the survivors who were still high in the Andes. Finally all of the remaining survivors were

18、_28_ . The memories of the crash in the Andes would be with the friends forever, but for now, their terrible _29_ was over. They had made it out_30_ . 11. A. learned B. managed C. decided D. expected 12. A. stayed B. looked C. turned D. reached 13. A. present B. danger C. message D. rescue 14. A. pr

19、epare B. continue C. escape D. develop 15. A. journey B. compare C. measure D. expand 16. A. against B. under C. beside D. around 17. A. admitted B. promised C. informed D. demanded 18. A. policy B. help C. progress D. advice 19. A. narrower B. heavier C. sharper D. tougher 20. A. imagined B. arrang

20、ed C. witnessed D. appreciated 21. A. court B. valley C. border D. channel 22. A. sent B. left C. lost D. kept 23. A. spotted B. counted C. rejected D. mentioned 24. A. declined B. froze C. spread D. disappeared 25. A. behind B. out C. apart D. off 26. A. tired B. disappointed C. frightened D. puzzl

21、ed 27. A. fight B. call C. search D. ask 28. A. listed B. treated C. picked D. saved 29. A. performance B. experience C. challenge D. exploration 30. A. free B. cool C. alive D. crazy 【答案】 11. B 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. A 16. D 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D 29.

22、 B 30. C 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。叙述了1972 年 10 月 13 日，一架飞机在安第斯山脉坠机，飞机上一些乘客幸存下 来，其中三名乘客自愿走出安第斯山脉寻求外界救援，并最终成功帮助其他人获救的故事。 【 11 题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. learned 学习； B. managed 管理； C. decided 决定； D. expected 期望。句意：一些 乘客是如何成功活了下来，这是有史以来最伟大的幸存故事之一。“ Survival in the Andes ”可知，短 文主要叙述了1972年 10 月 13 日，一架飞机在安第斯山脉坠机，飞机上一些乘客幸存下来，其中三

23、名乘客自愿走出安第斯山脉寻求外界帮助，并最终成功帮助其他人获救的故事。 manage to do sth“设 法做某事”侧重于成功做某事，这里指成功的活了下来。故B选项切题。 【 12 题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. stayed 待； B. looked 看； C. turned 转向； D. reached到达。句意：生还者留在飞机 残骸里，用椅套做毯子，等待救援，但始终没有成功。飞机失事，幸存者只有待在飞机残骸里，才 能保证自己幸存下来，符合常识。故A 选项切题。 【 13 题详解】 考查名词辨析。A. present 礼物； B. danger 危险； C. message信息； D.

24、rescue营救。句意：生还者留 在飞机残骸里，用椅套做毯子，等待救援，但始终没有成功。由下文可知，三名幸存者自愿走出安 第斯山去寻求救援，所以判断出，这些幸存者，等待了一段时间，但是救援没有来。故 D选项切题。 【 14 题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. prepare 准备； B. continue 继续； C. escape逃脱； D. develop 发展。句意：最紧急 的是要逃出去。飞机失事，幸存者被困在安第斯山，所以当务之急就是要找到出去的路。故C 选项 切题。 【 15 题详解】 考查名词辨析。A. journey 旅行； B. compare 对比； C. measure测量； D

25、. expand 膨胀。句意：其中的 三名乘客 Canessa 、Parrado和 Vizintin 自愿穿越山脉寻求帮助。这里的 journey 指的是， 三名 自愿者，自愿完成寻找道路，寻找救援这段路程。故A 选项切题。 【 16 题详解】 考查介词辨析。A. against 反对； B. under 在.下； C. beside在 旁； D. around 在周围。句意：当 他们离开时，每个人都穿了相似的衣服：三双袜子，每只脚上套上一只塑料袋以防止水进入，靴子， 四条裤子和四件毛衣。塑料袋包裹在脚的外面，所以用around。故 D 选项切题。 【 17 题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. ad

26、mitted 承认； B. promised 承诺； C. informed 告知；D. demanded 要求。句意： 这三个人保证他们会活下去，并找人来救援。promise“承诺”即表明三位志愿者对于完成任务的信 心，也表示给予其他幸存者以希望。故B 选项切题。 【18 题详解】 考查名词辨析。A. policy 政策； B. help 帮助； C. progress 进步； D. advice 建议。句意：第一天的时 间里，他们很高兴取得了一些进展。由“glad ”可知，他们取得了一些进展。make progress“取得进步” 符合句意。故C 选项切题。 【19 题详解】 考查形容词比

27、较级辨析。A. narrower 狭窄的； B. heavier 重的； C. sharper尖锐的； D. tougher 强壮的。 句意：但随着陆地和天气的变化，攀登变得更加艰难。由 but 可知，陆地和天气的变化导致了攀登 变得不顺路，变得更加艰难了。故D 选项切题。 【20 题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. imagined 现象； B. arranged 安排； C. witnessed 见证； D. appreciated 感激。句意： 他们几天来一直在想象这一刻。由上文“After several days, they reached what they thought was th

28、e top”可知，几天后，他们到达了他们认为是顶峰的地方。所以这是他们一直在想象的时刻。故A 选 项切题。 【21 题详解】 考查名词辨析。A. court 法庭；B. valley 山谷； C. border 边界； D. channel 通道。句意：在山顶的另 一边，他们希望有一个向下延伸且通往山外的山谷。山与山之间的区域是峡谷，也可能是通往外界 的路。所以他们很希望能看到这样的山谷。故B 选项切题。 【22 题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. sent 发送； B. left 离开； C. lost 丢失； D. kept 保持。句意：并非所有的希望都破灭 了。由下文可知，他们看到了低矮的山顶

29、，所以并非所有的希望都破灭了。be lost“迷失，丢失”符 合句意。故C 选项切题。 【23 题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. spotted 发现； B. counted 数； C. rejected 拒绝；D. mentioned 提及。句意：尽管 他们还在山的中央，但帕拉多发现了远处两个没有雪的低山顶。Spot“发现”有惊讶和出人意料之 意。他们走了很多天，发现了低山顶，看到了希望。故 A选项切题。 【24 题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. declined 衰退； B. froze 使 结 冰； C. spread 蔓延；D. disappeared 消失。句意： 雪完全消失了，到处都是花。

30、由“ flowers were everywhere”可知，到处都是花，所以判断出此地是 没有雪的，雪完全消失了。故D 选项切题。 【25 题详解】 考查副词辨析。A. behind 在 后面； B. out 在外面； C. apart 分散地； D. off 走开。句意：这就是 出去的路。由前文“ If they could get there, they would be out of the Andes.”可知，如果他们到达那里， 他们就有可能走出安第斯上，所以走出用out。故 B 选项切题。 【 26 题详解】 考查形容词辨析。A. tired 疲惫的； B. disappointed

31、 失望的； C. frightened 害怕的； D. puzzled 困惑的。 句意：到12 月 21 日，那些极度疲惫的人来到了洛斯梅滕镇，一支救援队被马上派出去搜寻那些仍 然在安第斯山脉高处的幸存者。由12 月 21 日可知，三个志愿者走了68 天，所以他们一定很疲惫。 故 A 选项切题。 【 27 题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. fight 打仗； B. call 打电话； C. search搜查； D. ask 问。句意：到12 月 21 日，那 些极度疲惫的人来到了洛斯梅滕镇，一支救援队被马上派出去搜寻那些仍然在安第斯山脉高处的幸 存者。 search for “搜寻”。因为不知道其

32、他幸存者具体在什么位置，所以要去搜寻他们的位置。故 C 选项切题。 【 28 题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. listed 列举； B. treated 对待； C. picked 挑； D. saved救。句意：最后剩下的幸存者 都得救了。最后，救援队找到幸存者，所以幸存者被救了。故D 选项切题。 【 29 题详解】 考查名词辨析。 A. performance 表现；B. experience经历；C. challenge挑战； D. exploration 探 测。 句意：安第斯山脉飞机失事的记忆将永远铭记在朋友们的心中，但就目前而言，他们可怕的经历已 经结束了。幸存者被救了，所以可怕的经

33、历结束了。故B 选项切题。 【 30 题详解】 考查形容词辨析。A. free 自由的； B. cool 凉爽的； C. alive 活着的； D. crazy 疯狂的。句意：他们活 着走了出来。幸存者被救了，所以是活着走出了安第斯山脉。故C 选项切题。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分） 阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的 A、B、C 、D 四个选项中， 选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。 A A Writing Fool In the seventh grade I realized I was dyslexic, which

34、made it difficult for me to read and spell. I did really badly in my history course, so my mother said to me,“ I l l work with you for a full week.I m going to show you what you can do if you put in the right amount of effort. ” So we did. We worked on history for a full week, an extra hour every da

35、y. Then I went to school and failed the test, as always. It was really upsetting. By the time I got to college I came to know that I couldnt spell no matter how hard I tried. So I would sign up for extra courses. I d be in registration lines all day. Then I would go around the first day of class and

36、 ask each professor: “ Whats your policy on misspelling? ” If he said, “ Three misspellings is a fail, ” I d drop it. Although I was an academic failure, I had a great time. I had many friends and I was always popular. I was a good football player, which was important in those years because I could

37、read my name in the newspaper. I never had a day when I would think, “People dont like m e. ” In spite of my obvious weaknesses, I became successful in my career, so much so that people say to me, “So youv e overcome dyslexia. ” No. I don t overcome it. I just learn to compensate for it. Some easy t

38、hings are hard for me. Most people read 500 words a minute. I only read 200. I try not to dial a phone because I sometimes have to dial three times to get the number right. I owe my successful career to my writing instructor, Ralph Salisbury. He looked past my misspellings and gave me encouragement.

39、 So I always feel confident. When I write my books, I m seeing everything in my imagination. I write quickly and go like the wind. The real fear that I have for dyslexic people is not that they have to struggle with their reading skills or that they cant spell correctly, but that they will quit on t

40、hemselves before they get out of school. 31. When the author did badly in the course, his mother thought that . A. he needed a better teacher B. he did not work hard enough C. he was probably too ill to study D. he was not as smart as other children 32. In college, the author was in registration lin

41、es all day to . A. choose most interesting courses B. become friends with new classmates C. stay distance from language teachers D. avoid courses that require correct spelling 33. Which of the following best describes the author in college? A. Happy and active. B. Shy and unhappy. C. Successful and

42、funny. D. Quiet and unsuccessful. 34. According to the author, it is important for dyslexic people . A. not to get out of school B. not to give up so easily C. to learn to spell correctly D. to develop reading skills 【答案】 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。叙述了作者在求学期间是一名诵读困难者，但作者并没有因为是一名阅读困难者

43、而感到沮丧，而是在其它面弥补了这一缺陷。后来作者在事业上获得了成功，并能自己写书。他告 诫其他的人，做什么事情都不能放弃，总有一天会成功。 【 31 题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段“so my mother said to me, “I ll work with you for a full week. Im going to show you what you can do if you put in the right amount of effort”可知，所以我母亲对我说，“我要和你一 起学习整整一周。我要告诉你，如果你付出了努力，你可以做些什么。所以我们判断当作者在课程 中表现不佳的

44、时候，母亲认为作者的努力和付出不够。故B 选项正确。 【 32 题详解】 细节理解题。 由第二段“ Then I would go around the first day of class and ask each professor: “What s your policy on misspelling?” If he said, “ Three misspellings is a fail,” I d drop it.”可知，然后我在第一天上课 的时候问每一位教授：“你对拼写错误的政策是什么？”如果他说，“三次拼写错误就是失败，” 我就会放弃。所以在大学期间作者整天都在登记站选择课程就是

45、为了避免上一些要求正确拼写的课 程。故 D 选项正确。 【 33 题详解】 推理判断题。由第三段“Although I was an academic failure, I had a great time. I had many friends and I was always popular. I never had a day when I would think, “ People don t like me.”可知，虽然我在学 业上失败了，但我过得很开心,我有很多的朋友并且很受欢迎我从来没有一天会想到，“人们不 喜欢我”。所以判断出，作者在上大学期间很快乐，很积极。故 A 选项“快乐

46、和积极 ” 能最好地描述 作者。故A 选项正确。 【 34 题详解】 推理判断题。由最后段“The real fear that I have for dyslexic people is not that they have to struggle with their reading skills or that they can t spell correctly, but that they will quit on themselves before they get out of school.”可知，我对诵读困难的人真正担心不是他们必须与他们的阅读能力斗争或者他们不能正 确拼写，

47、而是他们会在他们离开学校之前放弃自己。所以判断出根据作者的说法，对诵读困难的人 很重要的是不要轻言放弃。故B 选项正确。 【点睛】根据短文所提供的关键词或者关键句子进行判断是解决推理判断题的方法之一。关键词往 往隐含着深层次的意思。由第三段“Although I was an academic failure, I had a great time. I had many friends and I was always popular. I was a good football player, which was important in those years because I cou

48、ld read my name in the newspaper. I never had a day when I would think, “ People don t like me”中的 “ I had a great time I had many friends and I was always popular，”would think, “People don t like me ” 可以判断出，作者在大学期间，并没有因自己诵读困难而感到悲观失望，而是快乐的，积极的。故 小题 3的正确选项为A选项。 B A unique experience awaits you at the

49、Centre for Alternative Technology on the edge of the beautiful Snowdonia National Park. Over thirty years ago a group of people decided to try out alternative technologies. They chose a remote empty place, where rock used to be dug from the ground, as their base. Here experiments offering solutions to the world s energy problems were carried out, and