考研英语改错题常考要点d.pdf

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1、17 / 17 改错题常考要点 一、代词 代词中主要讲解六个问题 (一 掌握代词的几种格 主格、宾格、所有格 名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格 反身代词 当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 He killed himself. ,这显然是错误的。 从句意来看, help 的宾语应该是主句主语researchers, 故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C 并没有错,情态动词 could 比 can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。p1EanqFDPw Indicator 为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 (三 代词的单复数,代词的性别 在考试中如

2、果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 例: The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies Who和 which 的区别 which 指代事物或者动物,who 指代人 who/whom son 往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 例: The human body contains more than six hundred muscles whodvzfvkwMI1 A B account for approximat

3、ely forty percent of the body weight. rqyn14ZNXI CD 分析: B 错,应改为which 或 that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which 或 that。 EmxvxOtOco 人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 (五 that和 which 的区别 介词后面使用which, 而不用 that,in that 除外 例: When television was first introduced, the extent to that it SixE2yXPq5 AB would

4、 affect society could not have been foreseen. CD 分析: B 错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加 which( 引导定语从句 ,影响社会的程度没有被预见6ewMyirQFL (六 定语从句的特殊省略 Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, Time 后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. kavU42VRUs way 后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which 例:

5、Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainlyy6v3ALoS89 AB reason people take medicine is torelieve pain. C D 分析: B 错,应改为main。mainly 为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine 修 饰 reason,定语从句引导词被省略M2ub6vSTnP 例: Commercial expansion from city to suburb has affected the way people in

6、the United States-. (A living and working (B they live and work (C live and work (D to live and to work 分析:选择C, the way people影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 二、介词 介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅 仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只 不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。0YujCfmUCw (一 介词搭配 例: The tee

7、th in the upper jaw functiontogether those eUts8ZQVRd A BC 19 / 17 in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. D 分析:和 一起,应该为together with ,C 错 例: The Allegheny 最重要的两个介词 1、介词 of 多余或者遗漏 例: Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water.7EqZcWLZNX ABCD 分析: D 错,应改为top of sta

8、gnant。on top of 是因定表达法,意为“ 在上面 ” 。lzq7IGf02E 例: Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actorwho has AB starred in stage, television, and film productions on zvpgeqJ1hk C both sides theAtlantic Ocean. D 分析: D 错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词, the Atlantic Ocean 也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。NrpoJac3v1 2、介词 by 一种情况表示被动,be+过去

9、分词 +by 另一种表示通过 的方式, by doing 例: The ceremony of marriage in the United States AB can beperformed from a justice of the peace. C D 分析: D 错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed 的动作执行者应该由介词by 来引导。1nowfTG4KI 例: Along the east coast ,American Indian womens councilsfjnFLDa5Zo A could vetoa declaration of wa

10、r at refusing to B CD supply moccasins and field rations. 分析: D 错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将 at refusing 改 为 by refusing。tfnNhnE6e5 例: Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with HbmVN777sL A operations on sets of numbers or other elements BC that are often represented a

11、t symbols. D 分析: D 错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by 来引导。 20 / 17 三、谓语动词 (一 谓语动词的主谓一致 、主谓分割原则 例 1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, V7l4jRB8Hs A Americas national bird, symbolizestrength and freedom. 83lcPA59W9 BCD 分析: C 错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle 为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 mZkklkzaa

12、P 、与后者一致原则 not but, 强调 but 后面的名词, not only but also 、与前者一致原则 名词 +with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, AVktR43bpw 中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 例: The athlete, together withhis coach and ABC several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. ORjBnOwcEd D 分析: D 错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为

13、is 、就近原则 or, either or, neither nor, 单数名词 +or+复数名词 +are 如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be 动词提到前面,那么变为is 所以注意一点:如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 例: The structure or behavior of many protozoans 谓语动词的时态 、主要考察时间状语 例 The metal aluminum ?lju? mini? mhas beenfirst isolated early in the nineteenth century.v4bdyGious A BCD

14、 22 / 17 分析: Metal, aluminum 同位语, in the nineteenth century 为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为 wasJ0bm4qMpJ9 、 For 和 since 的区别 区别一: For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 区别二: Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 I has been a teacher for three years. I has been a teacher since 1996. I was a teacher for three y

15、ears.这种表达可以,for three years 表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 XVauA9grYP 例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States becamebR9C6TJscw AB the primaryresponsibility of the president. C D 分析: A 错,应改 In. since 一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since 为 In。pN9LBDdtrd 例: Adella Prentiss Hrghes servedasmanag

16、er of A B C the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. D 分析: D 错,应改为for。since 引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词 for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是 since。DJ8T7nHuGT 52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams. QF81D7bvUA ABC D 自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live (三 谓语的语态 语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 有四组动词是改错

17、题中常考的: 、 prove My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; 例: A majority of the reports received from people claiming4B7a9QFw9h A to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to beix6iFA8xoX BC mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. wt6qbkCyDE D 分析: D 错,应改为tri

18、cks。并列连词or 在此连接名词,如果把D 理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故 将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。Kp5zH46zRk 、 Locate,Situate 这两个词可以用作主动,表示把放置在 地方;确定 的位置 Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 这两个词也可以用作被动 My school was located near the river. 区分 locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 例: The center of gravity of the h

19、uman body - behind the hip joint.Yl4HdOAA61 (Alocates (Blocating (Cto locate 23 / 17 (Dis located 分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B 和 C。动词locate 后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示 “ 位 于” ,所以 D 为正确选项。ch4PJx4BlI 、表示需要概念的动词 need, want, require 等 My watch needed repairing My watch needed to be repaired. 、表示人的情感的动词 move, annoy,

20、surprise, please等 He is so moving.他令人感到感动。 He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 主动和被动技巧总结: 如果句子中有一个“ 过去分词 +by” , 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be 动词 例: The Tennessee Valley Authority has charteredby the qd3YfhxCzo A United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, B power structures, and flood-control works along C the

21、 Tennessee River and its tributary streams. D 分析: A 错,应改为has been chartered 。由信号词by 可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。E836L11DO5 四、非谓语动词 (一 分词 现在分词和过去分词的区别 、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 例: Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then S42ehLvE3M A struggled to establishits own economic and financial syst

22、em. 501nNvZFis BCD 分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以 A 错,改 won 为 winning 、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 例: In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived injW1viftGw9 AB the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. xS0DOYWHLP CD 分析: B 错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living 一些动词后面必须用doin

23、g 对于加 doing 的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing 的,请考生牢记。 mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, advocate, suggest delay, quit forgive(原谅 ,tolerate, 24 / 17 avoid, escape(逃避 spend+名词 +doing。 have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing 例: Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their LO

24、ZMkIqI0w ABCD crops. 分析: D 错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate 直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为 harvesting。ZKZUQsUJed 例: Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, dGY2mcoKtT A B to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. rCYbSWRLIA CD 分析: A 错,

25、advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为 advocate bringing (二 不定式 A. 动词不定式的省略 、 help 后面可以省略to help to do help sb. to do 例: A good exercise program helps teach people to avoidFyXjoFlMWh AB the habits that might shorten the lives. C D 分析: D 错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives 后面有定语就可以用the。注意 表示第一人 the first woman to d

26、o sth. (2表示迫使的动词 一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do 例: Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysisyhUQsDgRT1 AB 25 / 17 allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. MdUZYnKS8I CD 分析: allow.to do 是固定短语 ,allow 的宾语应在不定式之前,即把 C 改为 : allow geologists to speculate 。09

27、T7t6eTno (3表示倾向 的形容词 be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 be inclined to do 倾向于做某事 be lieable to do 易于 的 be apt to do (4表示目的的名词, 一共有 7 个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 固定的句式: the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. the objective 目标 aim goal reason理由 function 功能 intension 意图 例: The function of Louis Sullivans archite

28、cture was providinge5TfZQIUB5 A large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample lightinto the interior. s1SovAcVQM B CD 分析: the function to provide, A 错 例: The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure GXRw1kFW5s A and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds B that make up

29、various components of a living cell. CD 分析: the chief goal is to understand, A 错 (5 其他同根名词 ability to do受到 be able to 的影响 attempt to do 企图 decision to do 决定 , 受 decide的影响 ambition, be ambitious to do effort 例: For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanationUTREx49Xj9 AB catastrophic events

30、 such as volcanic eruptions. CD 分析: B 错,应改为to explain。 attempts 后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation 改为to explain。 8PQN3NDYyP 例: In the early 1960s the Civil Rights movement made great mLPVzx7ZNw AB efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. AHP35hB02d CD 分析: efforts to register, C 错 26 / 17 C.

31、 动词不定式的其他用法 (1 be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 She and Anne are to meet at two oclock. (2不定式的完成式为“ to have done” ,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 NDOcB141gT I am glad to see you. I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. (3 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 It is difficult to

32、 decide. 五、句子的结构 句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 (一 主语的重复 名词 +代词 +谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 例: Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any 1zOk7Ly2vA AB compromises concerning the establishment of the C D League of Nations. 分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson 例: Two u

33、nique features of the Arcticthey are AB lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. fuNsDv23Kh C D 分析:选项B 中的 they 和前面的主语two unique features 重复 (二谓语的重复 完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 例: A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of AB one or more sentencesrelated to the same idea. CD 分析: B 错,应改为co

34、nsisting of 或 which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没 有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which 使之成为从句谓语动词。tqMB9ew4YX (三谓语的缺少 例: Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body HmMJFY05dE AB temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. ViLRaIt6sk CD 分析: A 错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉

35、不定式符号to 使 maintain 变成谓语动词。9eK0GsX7H1 (四主句的重复 主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都 是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接naK8ccr8VI 例: Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despiteB6JgIVV9ao 27 / 17 ABC they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. P2

36、IpeFpap5 D 分析: C 错,应改为though。despite 是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以 改为连词 though。3YIxKpScDM 例: Solar eclipses occurduring the Moons shadow AB sweeps across the face of the Earth. CD 分析: B 错,应改为when 或 as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when 或 as。 例: Even many early leaders of the United States have provid

37、edgUHFg9mdSs AB names for towns, only George Washington C is remembered in the name of a state. D 分析: A 错,应改为Even though。even 为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 uQHOMTQe79 六、比较级和最高级 比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5 个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 (一 比较级或最高级形式上的重复 例: The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, w

38、hich IMGWiDkflP A involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. WHF4OmOgAw BCD 分析: A 错,应改为easiest 。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复aDFdk6hhPd (二比较级和最高级之间的混用 例: The greenest and plentifulest leaves arethe leaves of grasses.ozElQQLi4T A BCD 分析: B 错,应改为most plentiful 。 plentiful

39、是多音节形容词,须在前面加most 构成最高级。CvDtmAfjiA 例: The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western HemisphereQrDCRkJkxh A B CD is the grizzly bear. 分析: A 错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 (三比较词 than 的前面一定要有比较级 改错题中,通常会看见than 前面有一个原级 例: Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with 4n

40、CKn3dlMX A B concepts of time and space than stage directors can.ijCSTNGm0E CD 分析: B 错,应改为greater。根据后面有than 一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较 级。vfB1pxanfk (四在 as as以及否定 not so as, not as as的中间使用形容词原级 as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as 28 / 17 (五the 和比较级最高级的关系 、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 the taller boy

41、 、副词的最高级加不加the 均可以 例: Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed JbA9VhEou1 A B prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is abundant, and humidity is moderate. C D 分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可,所以A 正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B 应该改为they 、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 例: Of all the Native Americ

42、ans in theUnited States, AB C the Navajos form largest group. D 分析: D 错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 陷阱 1, earliest, 有两种可能, 一种可能是early 的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language 另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的 时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加theX7Ahr18pJI 例

43、: The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many b3zqXLCqXo ABC countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. pZyytu5rc5 D 分析: A 错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times 表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 DVyGZezsrM 陷阱 2,如果最高

44、级前面有所有格的话,不用加the 例如: my best friends 例: Salt Lake City, Utahs capital and largest city, is industrial RQxPvY3tFs ABC and banking center. D 分析: C 错,应改为is an industrial center 。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。5MxX1IxuU9 Utahs largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utahs。 例: Faults in the Earths crust are most evidently in

45、sedimentary( 沉积 jIw5xs0v9P A formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. xEve2buwnw BCD 分析: A 错, are 的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 七、平行结构 改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 (一 对等连接词 一共有三类连接平行结构的词 29 / 17 单一式: and, or ,but 相关式: bothand, not but, either or, neither nor the same as;as as,not

46、so as,not as as such as, so that too to, from to, from until, between and, KAvmyVYxCd not only but also(also可以省略 ,Not only + 主谓, also not only but also(also可以省略 +as well, 短语式: as well as rather than (而不是 other than (除之外 instead of (代替 考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 例: John lived in New York since 1960

47、 to 1975, AB but he is now livinginDetroit. CD 分析: B 错,应改为from。“ 从某年到某年” 要用 “fromto ”这个表达法,不能用since to 。Ywuu4FszRT 例: Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics AB as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford cstDApWA6A remained active in city and regional planning. CD 分析: B 错, 改为 such d

48、iverse topics as, 出现 as, 往往要注意前面一半 (二平行的内容 第一、引导 词性 的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 例: Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of qotL69pBkh AB an organism to changes in duration of daily, seasonally, EksTCSTCzX CD or yearly periods of light and darkness. 分析: D 错,应改为seasonal 。在 daily, seasonall

49、y 和 yearly 三个并列的词中,daily 和 yearly 是形容词, seasonally是副 词,故改为形容词seasonal, 共同修饰名词periods,三个形容词的平行,词性平行Sgs28CnDOE 第二、 名词单复数 的平行 但是如果既有可数名词,又有不可数名词,可以不平行 例: The main advertising media include direct mail, ABC radio, television, magazines, and newspaper. D 分析: D 错,应改为newspapers。newspaper 为可数名词,在没有任何前置修饰语的情况下一般用复数形式,并且和 前面的 magazine 平行 ,而 mail, radio, television 则是不可数名词。6craEmRE2k 例: The Canadian province of Newfoundlandhas a rocky coast, a moisture climate, k8qia6lFh1 AB and probably thebest c

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