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1、中考英语知识点整理 新目标中考英语知识点整理-语法语法：时态问题 (01)1.记住与各时态相关的“特征词”2.表示“将来”的几种形式及基本区别：shall will be going to +动词原形be to do sth.be +coming (leaving, starting, reaching, returning. be about to do sth.3.用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的表达：A. should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时态B. was / were going to do sth.（用过去将
2、来时态表示原打算做什么）C. was / were going to have done sth.表示未完成原来的计划和安排D. expect , intend , hope , mean , plan , promise , suppose , think , want , wish常用过去完成时态在这些词后接宾语从句或者接不定式的一般形式；或者用一般过去时态后面接不定式的完成形式表示过去未曾实现的愿望E. wish that had done sth.表示过去未曾实现的愿望F.情态动词should ,would, could, might, ought to等后接不定式的完成时，表示过去本
3、该做，打算做，想做而未做的事情G. had better / would rather + 不定式的完成时，表示一种过去的愿望常译为“当初最好当初真该”II. 句型复习：1. would (should) you like to do sth. should love to do man as such interesting books that such rapid sth.feel like doing sth.would like to do sth.would like sb. to do sth.such a diligent man that so diligent a man
4、that such a diligent progress that so many (few) people that so much (little) money that so diligent (fast) thatdiligent (fast) enough to do sth.so lazy (slowly) that he cannot too lazy (slowly) to do sth.III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (01)agreesb. agree with + sb. / sb.s opinion / what 同意某人意见sth. agree with sb.适
5、合sth. agree with sth. 相一致，相符，和谐agree on (upon) sth.就取得一致的意见agree with sb. on sth. 在方面同意或意见一致agree to do sth. 愿意（同意）做agree that.同意是事实或应当如何注释：该词一般作为不及物动词用表示“同意”时有三种表达法，with 后接“人” 具体的观点和看法：opinion, plan, idea等； what引导的从句作及物动词用时，agree to do sth. 愿意做 agree that 同意是事实或应当如何B. 短语记忆：according to根据a lot of/lo
6、ts of许多add up to加起来a few一些again and again一再，多次a great deal许多all kinds of各种各样的a little一些a kind of一种after all毕竟C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：absorb vt. accept vt.accompany vt.account v. act v. adapt v. add v.admit v. advance v. advise vt.afford vt. aim v.answer v.achieve vt. adopt vt.allow v.语法：时态问题 (02)4. 完成时态
7、中瞬间动词的处理方法：A. 不合表示一段时间的时间状语连用 B. 将瞬间动词变成状态动词C. 换用句型It is. since did5. 复合句中的时态问题：A.主句是现在时态，从句可是任意时态 B.主句是将来时态，条件状语从句中只能用现在时态 C.主句是过去时态，从句只能是过去的时态6. 情景中的时态问题这是近几年高考中时态考察的重点关键是要对所提供的情景进行仔细认真的分析善于找到判断时态的依据II. 句型复习：Whats wrong (the matter, the trouble) with ?Is there anything wrong (the matter ) with ?Th
8、ere is something (nothing ) wrong (the matter) with?Something (Nothing ) is wrong (the matter) with?in order thatmay (might, can, could,) so thatcan (could, may, might) ;so as to (in order to) do sth.do (try) ones best to do sth.do what (everything, all) you can do sth.what he said all that he saidI
9、II. 词汇 A. 常用动词用法 (02)look link-v look + adj. (过去分词，名词，介词短语，)看起来，look about 四周打量look about for四处寻找look ahead预测未来look like看起来像look as if看起来好像look well看起来不错look sb. up and down上下打量某 look at看，望，看待look after照看，照管，照顾，负责处理 look back on回顾， look down upon (on)看不起，蔑视look for找寻，自找（麻烦），look forward to盼望，希望；预计会有
10、;look in作短时间的访晤（参观），look in on拜望，顺便来看望 look into调查，了解，研究look on旁观，在旁边看 look on as把看作look out查找，找出；当心，注意 look out for当心，提防；找寻，注意； look over翻阅，审读；复习 look round审视，到处看看；回头望look through 翻阅，查看；读一遍 look to 照顾，注意，负责look up查出，了解；看望，拜访 look up and down 上下打量B. 短语记忆：and so on 等等a number of许多a set of一套as a resul
11、t结果as well as也at any time任何时候 at first首先 at least至少at once立即at the beginning of开头，开初C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：appear vi.apply v.appoint vt.appreciate vt. approach v.approve v.arrange v.assign vt. attack v.attain vt. attemp t vt.attend v.avoid vt.belong vi. bend v.blow v.考前知识清理03I.语法：定语从句1.引导词的功能：. 引导定语从句
12、. 代替先行词在定语从句中充当某一句子成分2.引导定语从句的连词用法： 连 词主 句 中 先 行 词 是在 从 句 中 充 当 的 成 分 是who 人 主语whom 人 宾语whose 人或物 定语(该词后要跟名词)that 人或物 主语，宾语，表语which 物 主语，宾语(还可以引导非限制性定语从句)where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 (=介词 + which )when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 (=介词 + which )why reason 原因状语 (= for which ) as 在限制性定语从句中常和suchas，the sameas 等句型连用.在非限制性定语从句中，可
13、以代替主句中的某一 成分或整个句子的意义3. way 后面的定语从句可由in which , that 引导，或者什么都不要4. that 在使用中的特殊要求5. 限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别6. as 与which在引导非限制性定语从句的三点区别;as常和know, see, understand, expect等词连用；可位于句首；常译为：正如II. 句型复习：1. would rather (not) do sth; would rather do sth. than do sth.would rather sb. did (had done) sth; prefer sth. to
14、sth. elseprefer doing sth. to doing sth. else;prefer to do sth. rather than do sth; insist on doing sth. rather than do sth.2. No matter what (whatever) he does;No matter how (However) difficult it is3. to ones surprise (delight,satisfaction,disappointment, joy) What surprises (delights, satisfies,
15、disappoints, pleases) one isIII.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (03)appear vi. link-v. = seem 似乎, 显得appear to do sth. appear + adj.appear + done appear + sth. It appear that.B. 短语记忆：at the edge of在边缘at the end of 在末尾at the moment此刻 at the same time同时a variety of 各种各样的be annoyed at生的气be busy with 忙于 be divided into 分成b
16、e fit for 适合 be fond of爱好be full of充满 be grateful for感谢be interested in对感兴趣; be known for因出名 be made up of由组成be satisfied with对满意C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：bother v.build vt. buy vtcease v charge v.change v.check v.choose v. clear v.close v. collect mit pare v.concern vt.consider v.consist vi.考前知识清理04 句型复习
17、：4. It seems that sb. do sth. = sb. seems to do sth.It happened that sb. do sth. = sb. happened to do sth.It is said (reported) that sb. do sth.= sb. is said (reported) to do sth.5. Half of the visitors are Half of the wood is ; Most of the teachers are Most of the water is ; The rest of the books a
18、re The rest of the money is One-fourth of the population in the world are Chinese. The population of China is larger that that of any other country in the world.Three-fourths of the workers in the factory are men.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is the sea.A larger number of students areThe
19、 number of the students in our school isII. 词汇 A. 常用动词用法 (04)make make sth. 做，制造 make sb. do sth. 使得make sb. (sth.) donemake sb. (sth.) + adj.make sb. (sth.) + n. make it + adj.(n.) + thatmake it + adj.(n.) + to do sth.make it + adj.(n.) + doing sth.make a dash for 赶往，冲向make a deal with 达成协议，做成交易mak
20、e a decision 作出规定make a face = make faces做鬼脸，做苦相 make a good effort 作很大的努力make a record 录制唱片 make a plan for 为作计划make a note of注意;记下来 make an impression on 给留下（某种）印象，引人注目make fun of 取笑，和开玩笑，嘲笑make into把做成；使成为，使变成be made intobe made from由做的（化学变化）be made of由做的（物理变化）make it按时到达某处,办事成功,约定时间,及时赶上（火车，轮船等）
21、make ones living 维持生活make progress 取得进步make out 看清楚，看出，辨识；理解，明白；开（账单，收据等）进展；假装，装出, 把说成是make room (for)让地方，让位置 make sense有道理，好懂，有清楚的意思make sense of 理解;make sure that.弄肯定，一定要做到；弄确切，弄清make sure of make sure to do sth.一定要做make . to ones own measure 依照某人的尺寸做make up 创造，编造；弥补，把补上；化妆，打扮make up for弥补; be mad
22、e up of 有组成（构成）make up ones mind to do sth.打定主意，决定，决心make use of 利用B. 短语记忆：be similar to 与相同be unfamiliar to与不熟悉be used to V-ing习惯于because of因为;by hand手工做的; carry out 执行，进行catch up with赶上;clear off清除，跑开;comparewith与比较; concentrate on聚精会神consist of 包含; deal with 处理，对付devote oneself to献身于;die out 绝种di
23、videinto 把分成do harm to 伤害draw a conclusion 得出结论C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：construct vt. continue v.contribute v.control vt. convince vt. cost vt.count v. cover vt. create vt.cross v. crowd v.cry v.deal v.decide v.declare v.defend vt. 考前知识清理05I. 语法复习：状语从句引导时间状语的连词：after, as, before, once, since, till, until
24、, when, whenever, while, as long as, as soon as, hardly(scarcely) when, No sooner than, the time (moment, instant, minute, day)备注:1.hardly, no sooner在句首，引导的从句要部分倒装 2.since引导的从句注意看启动词是否是瞬间动词还是延续性动词 3.when 引导的从句注意其特殊用法 一些名词也可以引导时间状语从句引导地点状语的连词：where , wherever 备注:后者表示强调引导方式状语的连词：as, as if, as though,备
25、注:as引导的方式状语从句多在句首引导原因状语的连词：because, since, as, now (that) 备注:语气一个比一个弱for可以引导原因状语从句，但它只能位于句末引导结果状语的连词:so that, such (a) that, so that, that备注:sothat中的so在句首，主句要部分倒装引导目的状语的连词：so that, in order that, that, so,备注:so that 使用最普遍引导条件状语的连词：if , unless, in case , as long as, 备注:注意分清if从句中是否该用虚拟语气引导让步状语的连词：thou
26、gh, although, even if, even though, as, in spite of the fact, while, no matter wh- , 备注:as 引导的让步状语从句要倒装II. 句型复习：1. It is + 被强调部分 + that .在句型 1 中，将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子这也是与其 它从句区别判断的方法2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that .句型2 主要用于强凋时间状语
27、，译成汉语直到才，可以说是 not . until . 的强调形式3. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain.) that .句型3中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为清楚（显然，真的，肯定）是主语从句最常见的一种结构III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (05)consider 考虑 consider thatconsider what (how) to do sth. consider doing sth.认为 consider that consider sb. (sth.) + sb. (sth.) con
28、sider sb.+ adj.把看作是 consider sb. to be consider sb. + p.p.consider sb.+ 介词短语consider . as 把（某人）看作B. 短语记忆：eitheror既又 for a moment一会儿for a while 一会儿for example 例如for instance例如 from time to time 不时hand over 递过去 in a hurry 匆忙in case万一 in front of在前面in line 排队 in no mood 无心思(心情)in other words换言之in spite
29、 of尽管 instead of 代替 in the course of 在.期间(过程)C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：delay v.delight v.deliver vt.demand vt. deny vt.depend vi.deserve vt. design vt desire vt.destroy vt. determine vt.develop v.devote vt.direct vt.discover vt.discuss vt.考前知识清理06I. 语法复习：主谓语一致 01。语法一致原则：是根据主语的语法标记决定其谓语动词的单数、复数形式。主语为单数，谓语动
30、词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。例如：。意思一致原则：是指主谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形式来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在涵义，一般有三种情况。 单数形式的主语，谓语动词用复数。 复数形式的主语，谓语动词用单数。 同一词作主语，有时谓语动词用单数有时用复数。就近一致原则：即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。II. 句型复习：4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) that .句型4中，应该记住所列举的形容词，并且记住that 后的从句应用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省
31、去5. It is said (reported, learned.) that .句型5中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉）”III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (06)come come to do sth.【解析】该结构意为：“逐渐”后面跟不定式表示作某事的过程，所跟的动词常是：like, understand,realize,see，knowcome to + 名词来到（某地）come to + 数词加起来，共计come to + 名词谈到，涉及到come to恢复知觉；苏醒过来link-e + adj. 变得，变成 come +
32、e to a conclusion做出结论come about 发生、产生，造成come across （偶然）遇到，找到，想到come to an end结束 come alone vi.跟上去；快点；进行come back回想起 come down vi.下降 come down from 从传下来come from来自，是（某地的）人come into being (existence)开始存在，建立，产生come into effect (force)开始生效come near (close) to doing sth.差一点就 come off 从离开，脱落come on (upon
33、)= come acrosscome out vi. 出来；出发、出版、出版；开花，发芽 come to 共计、达到 come true 变为现实，实现come up 抬头、上来、上升,走过来，到来；提及，被提出；长出来B. 短语记忆：in the distance在远处in the future将来 just as正如 lead to 导致lose ones nerves 害怕 no longer不再 no more than同.一样不 notat all 一点也不noteither也不 no onlybut also 不但而且now and then不时on board 在船/车上once
34、 in a while 偶尔 on vacation度假 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of control 失控C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：engage v.enjoy vt. enter v. express vt. examine vt. excuse vt.exercise v. exist vi. expand v.expect vt.explain v.expose vt.extend v.face v.fail v.fancy v.考前知识清理07I. 语法复习:名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句, 表语从句, 同位语从句)1.that 在引导名词性从
35、句中的用法2.whether, if 在引导名词性从句中的用法区别3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别及判断4.what在引导名词性从句中的用法5.宾语从句中否定转移时应该注意的几个问题6.宾语从句中使用形式宾语it的问题及注意事项7.哪些表语形容词后可以跟从句最常用用连词用法辨析 what: 从句种类:主、宾、表语从句功 用:在从句中充当主、宾、表同时在主句中充当主、宾、表语that: 从句种类:主、宾、表、同位语、定、状 功 用:在名词性从句中引导从句，不充当成分，无词意； 定语从句中代替人或物，在从句中充当主、宾。表； 在状语从句中引导目的、结果状语从句whether: 从句种类:主、宾、表、
36、同位语 功 用:在从句中引导从句，不充当成分，有词意：“是否”who: 从句种类:主、宾、表、定 功 用:在从句中充当主语which: 从句种类:主、宾、表、定 功用:在名词性从句中充当定语，词意为：“哪一个”； 在定语从句中代替物，在从句中充当主、宾语，与介词 一起作状语when: 从句种类:主、宾、表、同位语、定、状 功 用:在从句中作时间状语，词意为：“在何时”Where: 从句种类:主、宾、表、同位语、定、状 功 用:在从句中作地点状语，词意为：“在何处”how:从句种类:主、宾、表、同位语、状功 用:在从句中作方式状语，词意为：“如何”why: 从句种类: 主、宾、表、同位语、定 功
37、 用:在从句中作原因状语，词意为：“为什么”II. 句型复习：6. It is suggested ( ordered . ) that .句型6 中的过去分词应该是表示请求，建议，命令等词，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省常译为“据建议；有命令）III.词汇：A. 常用动词用法 (07)need 需要 need sth; need to do sth; need doing 情态动词：用于否定句，疑问句（较少用于肯定句）He neednt go out for such a thing .Need you buy this book ?需要，必
38、要（不可数）；需要的东西（可数）a friend in need 患难之交in need of需要B. 短语记忆：out of sight 看不见; over and over 再三;refer to意指，提交since then 从那以后; right away 马上;run away 跑掉run out 用完，耗尽;side by side肩并肩;regardas把当作对待；认为是C. 记住下列动词并写出它们的汉语意思：distribute vt.disturb vt.double v.draw v. dress v.drive v.drop v.fetch vt. fight v.fil
39、l v.finish v.fire v.fit v. fix v. fly v.follow v.考前知识清理08I. 语法复习：主谓语一致 02）主语是一个抽象概念（包括不定式、动名词和名词性从句 作主语），谓语动词用单数。）如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有：with , together with , as well as , no less than, rather than , like , but , besides , except , as much as, including , along with .等引起的短语，谓语动词仍然用单数。）each , some , any , n
40、o , every 构成的复合代词； one of +复数名词 , many a , more than one ( a ) 等所修饰的词作主语，它们的谓语都用单数。） people , police, cattle 等词作主语通常用复数。） majority , population , class , family , group , team , crowd , audience , army , government, company , enemy 等集体名词，按意思一致原则，作为整体，看作单数；指其中一个一个成员，看作复数。II. 句型复习：7. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that .句型中，tha