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1、新课标人教版课件系列,高中英语 必修3-4.1,Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars,地球 _ 木星 _ 火星 _ 水星 _ 海王星 _,F. 冥王星 _ G. 土星 _ H. 天王星 _ I. 金星 _,Earth,Jupiter,Mars,Mercury,Neptune,Pluto,Saturn,Uranus,Venus,Sun,Venus,Mercury,Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Earth,Pluto,Neptune,Uranus,Sun,Earth,Moon,Satellites 卫星,基础知识自测,一、单词拼写 根据读音
2、、性和词义写出下列单词。 1._E5strRnEmE(r) n. 天文学家 2._5AtmEsfiE n.大气层 3._5vaiElEntadj.猛烈的 4._iks5plEudvt.&vi.使爆发 5._5sIstEm n. 系统 6._5hB:mfJl adj. 有害的 7._di5velEpmEntn. 发展 8._ _ 5lEubEl adj.全球性的 9._di5pend vi.依靠 10._i5zist vi.存在,exist,astronomer,atmosphere,violent,explode,system,harmful,development,global,depend
3、,11._5prezns n.出席 12._9dIsEpRIntId adj.失望的 13._5rAdjJElI adv.逐渐地 14._5rAviti n.重力 15._5lesn vt.减少 16._mAs n.质量 17._ tFiEvt.&vi.使高兴 18._ 5meWEdn.方法 19._5dVenErEli adv.一般地 20._ i5zC:stvt.耗尽,presence,disappointed,gradually,gravity,lessen,mass,cheer,method,generally,exhaust,二、单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个适当的
4、单词，或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. As a young man he didnt know he was _ world fame later on. (win) 2. Most parents dont allow their children _ because it does harm to health. (smoke ) 3. he sent me a gift made me happy . 4. he sent me made me happy . 5. It is a surprise Pluto is no longer considered a planet
5、in our solar system.,to win,to smoke,That,What,that,6. A great dust cloud formed in the sky out the sunlight. ( block) 7. The universe began a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. 8. As for me, you can pass the exam _on whether you will work harder than before . 9. Zhang Ming as well as I
6、 the members of the foot team .both of us are of playing football. 10. The rain prevent us from out for picnic this afternoon.,blocking,with,will depend,whether,is,playing,三、词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. She him with her belief and her competence. (energy) 2. With the of the society. We live a better life
7、 than before .(develop) 3. Smoking is no doubt to your health. (harm) 4. we are going to hold a party on Saturday evening. we shall be very glad to have your .(present) 5. Though he is an orphan, he leads a happy . (exist),energized,development,harmful,presentation,existence,6. Women and kids are of
8、ten hurt in family . (violent) 7. Although they are twins, they are very _ (like). 8. The news _us. When we heard the _news, we felt _. (disappoint) 9. Though he failed in the exam, the teachers words were a great _ to him. (encourage) 10. Do you know the _who is talking to Li Mei, who studied in ou
9、r school. (physics)0,violence,unlike,disappointed,disappointed,disappointing,encouragement,physicist,四、词组互译 将下列词组或短语译成中文或英语。 1. 既然_ 2. 冷却_ 3. 依靠_ 4. 欢呼_ 5. 灭绝_ 6. 爆发_ 7. 轮流_ 8. 及时_,in time,now that,cool down,depend on,cheer up,die out,break out,in ones turn,9. as a result of_ 10. get the hang of_ 11
10、. prevent from_ 12. block out _ 13. in all directions_ 14. give birth to_ 15. sooner or later_ 16. fall over_,摔倒,结果,掌握；熟悉,阻止；制止,挡住,各方向,产生；分娩,迟早,五、词组运用 词组填空 根据句子提供的语境，从第四大题中选一个适当的词组并用其适用的形式填空。 1. He got to school _ though it rained heavily. 2. He was unable to go to work _ a result _ his fall from th
11、e horse. 3._ you are a student, you should study hard as the parents and teachers wish.,Now that,in time.,as,of,翻译填空 根据汉语意思，从上述短语中选一个适当的词组完成句子。 4. 她想存点钱买房，因此不想那么早生小孩 。 She wants to save some money for apartment. So she has no plan to to a child so soon. 5. 你能解释他们为什么吵起来了？你知道他们俩原是好朋友呀。 Can you explain
12、 the reason why the quarrel _ between them .You should know they were close friends. 6. 如果人类不注意保护环境，很多物种就会灭绝。 If Man dont pay attention to protect the environment .Most species will _,give birth,broke out,die out,句子翻译 从上述短语中选择适当的短语翻译下列句子。 7. 那男孩摔到了，摔破了头。 _ 8. 掌握学习方法对每个学生都重要。 _ _ 9. 我是否去旅游要视天气而定。 _ 1
13、0. 从各方而来的人们欢歌起舞。 _,People in all directions got together, sing and dancing.,The boy fell over, striking his head.,Getting a hang of the way to study is important to every student.,Whether I will go to travel will depend on the weather.,Language points for Reading I Language points for Reading II,Lan
14、guage Data Bank,It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour,.,in time (for sth/to do sth): not late 及时；不迟 She will be back in time to prepare dinner. 她来得及回来准备晚饭。,in time: sooner or later; eventually 迟早；最后 Ill see him in time. 总有一天我会遇见他。,in/out of time: in/no
15、t in the correct time 合/不合节拍,(sth) be to (do): (something) will definitely happen, or it must happen 不可避免要发生或必须发生。 e.g.They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again. She is to be honoured for this great work. Mr. Clark said to his daughter, “You are to be home by 10 oclock at
16、the latest.”,The audience clapped in time to the music.,观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。,(sb/sth) be different from: not like someone or something else in one or more ways 与不同。,Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets going round the sun.,City life is quite different form country life. 都市生活与乡村生活
17、是非常不同的。,注意:（1）强调different时用very, much, quite, entirely, totally等词。 （2）有时，美语口语中用than,英语口语中用to来代替from。,going round the sun为现在分词短语，做定语，表示一般的动作。例如：,Men breaking the law will be punished. Men who break the law will be punished.,现在分词短语作定语，也可表示进行的动作。例如：,Can you see the girl dancing with your boyfriend? Can
18、 you see the girl who is dancing with her boyfriend?,你能看到与男友跳舞的那个姑娘吗？,3.This encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. 这为早期贝类及其他各种鱼类的发育进一步创造了条件。,名词后缀-ment加在动词之后表示： 行为，例如：argument, betterment, development, treatment。 结果，例如：arrangement, settlement, statement. 工具，例如：instrumen
19、t, pavement.,4. It allowed the earth do dissolve harmful gases, which had become part of the earths atmosphere, into the oceans and seas.,allow vt. 允许、许可、容许 allow+n./pron./doing allow sb. to do be allowed to do,My father doesnt allow smoking at home. In fact he doesnt allow us to smoke anywhere at a
20、ny time.,父亲不允许在家里吸烟。实际上，他不允许我们在任何地方任何时候吸烟。,Are we allowed to use the computer?,我们可以用电脑么？,5.This encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.,encourage 鼓舞；促进；怂恿。后接名词、代词，也可接不定式作宾语补足语。如：,High prices for corn and wheat will encourage farming.,玉米和小麦的高价将促进农业的发展。,My success encourag
21、ed me to continue.,我的成功鼓励我继续干下去。,He encouraged me to learn dancing.,他鼓励我去学跳舞。,7. spread的用法 （1）vi. （消息等）传开，流传。如：,The news spread through the school very quickly. The fire spread from the factory to the house nearby.,He spread out his arms to welcome us.,（2）vt. “使伸展，延伸，张开”，常与out连用。如：,I spread a new cl
22、oth on the table.,我在餐桌上铺上一条新桌布。,他张开手臂欢迎我们。,6. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.,for millions of years to come中不定式to come作定语，与前面的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系：,She is the last person to do such a thing. 她是最不像会做这种事的人。,(sth) depend
23、on (sth else): something might only happen or be true if the circumstances are right for it 取决于。,Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.,我们的成败取决于是否每个人都努力工作。,cheer up : 欢呼，喝彩，感到高兴， 使高兴。,当看到球队的到来，人群欢呼起来。 _ when they saw the team arrive.,他带她去听音乐会来使她高兴。 He took her _ to _.,The crowd c
24、heered up,to the concert,cheer her up,watch do/doing :观看，注视,我们看着太阳正在树后面落下。 We _ behind the trees.,每一天当他们看到植物生长，他们的心里都充满了希望。 Every day as they _ , their hearts filled with hope.,watched the sun setting,watched the plant grow,now that :既然，由于,既然每个人都到了，我们就可以开始会议。 _, we can begin the meeting.,由于你是一个大男孩,你
25、就必须行为表现得更好. _, you must behave better.,Now that everybody is here,Now that you are a big boy,We watched amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.,amazed 是过去分词，此处做状语用,他进来的时候没有人注意到. He came in _ .,break out (战争,争吵,疾病等)爆发,在深夜,突然有人吵架. _ suddenly at midnigh
26、t.,A quarrel broke out,unnoticed,Grammar,主语从句,主语从句： 做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有连词that ，whether， 连接代词who ，what ，which， 连接副词when，where， how， why等。,1.连接词：,1）从属连词：that， whether等. that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。,That she left him cut him to the heart.,2)连接代词who ，what ，which, what
27、ever, whichever, whoever,What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.,由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。,Whether it will please them is not easy to say.,3)连接副词when，where， how， why等。,Why he did it remains a mystery.,2.位置： 主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。用it做形式主语，而把主语从句，在句末，常用下面几种句型。,1）It + be + 表语 +主语从句 表语：（
28、名词， 形容词，过去分词）,2）It+不及物动词+主语从句 It seemed (happened, doesnt matter, has turned out) that,It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.,It happens that they were absent.,It is a fact (a shame, a pity, good news) that,3) It +及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句,It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on S
29、undays.,注意:,1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。,误：They should like each other is natural. 正：That they should like each other is natural. 正：It is natural that they should like each other.,2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.,误：If Mary really heard
30、him is really doubtful. 正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.,1.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _that Im talking to. A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom,高考链接,【试析】这个句子是一个由and连接的并列句。And后是一个含有主语从句的结构，其主句部分是it doesnt matter, 主语从句则是who it is that
31、 Im talking to.而在主语从句中，又有一个定语从句，修饰who. Who既是一个引导词，也在it is中作表语.如果再细一点，说who是 (talking) to的介词宾语也可以。,2. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. (2003上海) A. that B. when C. what D. how,【试析】主语从句中缺少做主语的成分，故选C.,3. _ made the school proud was_ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What ; that C. That ; what D. That ; because,【试析】what 在此作连接代词，引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。that引导主语从句时，只起引导作用，不作任何成分.,