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1、2019年英语二真题=重要提示：下文中标红部分为正确答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any signifi
2、cant weight fluctuations 1 when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more that it 2 . As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active, to focusing 3 on the scale. That was counterproductive to my overall fitness goals. I ha
3、d gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym.
4、It takes about three weeks to a month to notice significant changes in weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 .Since weigh
5、t loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I also use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to provide information about my nutrition as
6、well. If my training intensity remains the same, but Im constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake. The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness well-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working o
7、ut since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. Ive also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 Im training according to those goals, instead of numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes f
8、it and your overall energy level.1. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides2. A. caresB. warnsC. reducesD. helps3. A. solelyB. occasionallyC. formallyD. initially4. A loweringB. explaining C. acceptingD. recording5. A. setB. reviewC. reachD. modify6. A depictionB. distributionC. predictionD.
9、 definition7. A regardless ofB. aside fromC. along withD. due to8.A.rigidB. preciseC. immediateD. orderly9. A. judgementsB. reasonsC. methods D. claims10. A. thoughB. againC. indeedD. instead11. A. trashB overlookC. concealD. report12. A approve of B. hold ontoC. account for D. depend on13. A. share
10、B. adjustC. confirmD. prepare14. A. featuresB. rulesC. testsD. results15. A. anxiousB. hungryC. sickD. bored16. A. secretB. beliefC. sign D. principle17. A. necessityB. decisionC. wishD. request18. A. surprisingB. restricting C. consumingD. disappointing19. A. becauseB. unless C. until D. if20. A. d
11、ominatingB. puzzlingC. triumphing D. obsessingSection I Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answer on answer sheet. (40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and a
12、nger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a childs growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children arent born knowing how to say “Im sorry”， rather， they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends-and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally rega
13、rd so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing: A child who claims responsibility for knocking over a tower and tries to rebuild it is engaging in behavior thats not only reparative but also prosaically.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It evokes F
14、reuds ideas and religious hang-ups.More important, guilt is deeply uncomfortable its the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Who would inflict it upon a child? Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and wha
15、t role guilt can serve,” Vaish says, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions arent binary feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happi
16、ness (think mania ) can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to atone for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is a
17、n opportunity. Work by Tina Malt, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency.In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy (and its close cousin empathy) may represent different pathways to coopera
18、tion and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244 children, ages 4, 8, a
19、nd 12. Using caregiver assessments and the childrens self-observations, they rated each childs overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance to s
20、hare them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadnt magically become more sympathetic to the other childs deprivation.21. Researchers think that guilt ca
21、n be a good thing because it may help A. regulate a childs basic emotionsB. improve a childs intellectual abilityC. intensify a childs positive feelingsD. foster childs moral development 22. According to Paragraph 2, many people still guilt to be A deceptiveB. addictiveC burdensomeD. inexcusable23.
22、Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that A. an emotion can play opposing rolesB. emotions are socially constructiveC. emotional stability can benefit healthD. emotions are context-independent24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing A. may help corr
23、ect emotional deficienciesB. can bring about emotional satisfactionC. can result from either sympathy or guiltD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word transgressions (line4 para5) is closest in meaning to A. wrongdoingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. teachingsText 2Forests give us shade,
24、quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more c
25、arbon than they absorb. Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap-but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks long into the future may require reducing their capacity to sequester carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many cli
26、mate efforts, in figuring out the details. The states proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest, including by controlled burning. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of
27、the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forests capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off bark beetle. The landscape is rendered less combustible. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is inc
28、reasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and beetles have killed more than 1(0 million trees in California. most of them in 2016 alone. and wildfires have scorched hundreds of thousands of acres.Californias plan envisions treating 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 finan
29、ced from the proceeds of the states emissions-permit auctions. Thats only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, an estimated half a million acres in all, so it will be important to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in w
30、oody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber, burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels or used in compost or animal feed. New research on transportation biofuels is under way, and the state plans to encourage lumber production close
31、to forest lands. In future the state proposes to take an inventory of its forests carbon-storing capacity every five years.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, including those owned by the U. S. Forest Service, but traditionally theyve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opport
32、unities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon, Californias plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as a model.26. By saying one of the harder challenges the author implies that A. f
33、orests may become a potential threatB. people may misunderstand global warmingC. extreme weather conditions may ariseD. global climate change may get out of control27. To maintain forests as valuable carbon sinks, we may need to A. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacityB. strike a balance amo
34、ng different plants.C. accelerate the growth of young treesD. preserve the diversity of species in them28. Californias forest Carbon Plan endeavors to A. cultivate more drought-resistant treesB. fin more effective ways to kill insectsC. reduce the density of some of its forestsD. restore its forests
35、 quickly after wildfires29. What is essential to Californias plan according to paragraph 5?A. To carry it out before the year of 2020B. To handle the areas in serious danger firstC. To perfect the emissions-permit auctionsD. To obtain enough financial support30. The authors attitude to Californias p
36、lan can best be described as A. ambiguousB. tolerantC. cautiousD. supportiveText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for far workers. Efforts to create a more straightforward ag
37、ricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U. S and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress. If this doesnt change, American businesses, communities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U. S. farm laborers are undocumented immig
38、rants. As fewer such workers enter the U. S, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. 32. Todays farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled, rather than migrating, and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At th
39、e start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now, more than half are. And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers wont be returning to the farm.Mechaniz
40、ation is not the answer either-not yet at least. Production of com, cotton, rice, soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots currently do only a small share of milking, have a long way t
41、o go before they are automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply: from 2011 to 20 16 the number of visas issued more than doubled.
42、The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 annually. Even so, employers frequently complain that they arent allotted all workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delay
43、s led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late. And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it. The U.S. needs a simpler, streamlined,
44、 multi-year visa for agricultural workers, accompanied by measures to guard against exploitation and a viable path to U. S. residency for workers who meet the requirements. Otherwise growers will continue to struggle with shortages and uncertainty, and the country as a whole will lose out.31. What p
45、roblem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U. S.B. Biased laws in favor of some American businessesC. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workersD. Decline of job opportunities in U. S agriculture32. One trouble with U.S. ag
46、ricultural workforce is A. the rising number of illegal immigrantsB. the high mobility of crop workersC. the lack of experienced laborersD. the aging of immigrant farm workers33. What is the much-argued solution the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A. To attract younger laborers to farm workB. To get
47、native U.S. workers back farmingC. To use more robots to grow high-value cropsD. To strengthen financial support for farmers34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its A. slow granting proceduresB. limit on duration of stayC. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text A. U.S. Agriculture in DeclineB. Import Food or Labor?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Manpower VS AutomationText 4Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: Its easy