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1、英语试卷第 1页（共 16 页）英语试卷第 2 页（共 16 页） 绝密 启用前 2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 注意事项： 1、答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2、回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡 上，写在本试卷上无效。 3、考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。 第卷 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）（略） 第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40 分 ) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题2 分，满分30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题
2、所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑。 A Supply Primary Teachers Needed We work with a group of Good and Excellent schools located across London. We are looking for excellent teachers who have a passion for teaching and are looking for new opportunities. About Supply Teaching Supply teaching gives
3、you the freedom and flexibility to work at a variety of different schools. You have the option of day-to-day supply or long-term supply, which could lead to a full time employment. You would be required to have a great understanding of the primary curriculum(课程 ). If you have experience, then please
4、 don t hesitate to apply. You would be working with students who have varied needs. We are looking for able and devoted teachers who are able to teach and engage with the whole class while teaching. Supply roles are great for experienced teachers and newly qualified teachers looking to gain experien
5、ce. Key Responsibilities To teach effective lessons that inspire and lead to rapid progress from all students. To plan and prepare effective schemes of work and lessons. To use regular assessments to set targets for students, and monitor their progress. To maintain regular and productive communicati
6、on with students and parents. The Perfect Candidate Must hold a university diploma. Able to work well within a team. Strong understanding of the primary curriculum. Able to create interesting and engaging lessons for students. Deadline: Apply by Thursday, 4th January 2018 at 9 am. Contact Us Please
7、dont hesitate to contact us at ASQ Education. If you feel like this is not quite the right role for you, please still contact us at ASQ Education, we have a variety of roles in Primary and Secondary School. 21. What main duties should a supply teacher take? A. Plan, prepare and teach effective lesso
8、ns. B. Guide students to experience after-school activities. C. Set targets to become a full time employee. D. Make sure of the students freedom and flexibility. 【 答案 】 A 【 解析 】 细节理解题。根据第三部分的前两句“To teach effective lessons that inspire and lead to rapid progress from all students. To plan and prep ar
9、e effective schemes of work and lessons.”可知，计划、筹备 并进行有效的教学是老师的主要职责之一。故选A。 22. Which of the following is not suitable to be a supply teacher? A. One who has a clear idea of primary curriculum. B. One who has great passion for teaching. C. One who has teaching experience. D. One who likes working alon
10、e. 【 答案 】 D 【 解析 】 推理判断题。根据第四部分第二句“Able to work well within a team”可知，作为一名代课教 师，应该有团队合作精神，由此可推知，D 项不适合。故选D。 23. If you want to apply for the position, you should _. 此 卷 只 装 订 不 密 封 班 级 姓 名 准 考 证 号 考 场 号 座 位 号 英语试卷第 3 页（共 16 页）英语试卷第 4 页（共 16 页） A. have humorous personality B. apply before 4th January
11、 2018 at 9 am C. contact the schools located across London directly D. prepare a lesson and communicate with parents in advance 【答案】B 【 解析 】细节理解题。 根据第五部分“ Deadline: Apply by Thursday, 4th January 2018 at 9 am.”可知， 最后截止期限是2018 年 1 月 4 日上午 9 点。故选 B。 B Today, I felt terrible-my head was full of problem
12、s and confusion. I decided to take a walk even though I didnt know where I would go. The most extraordinary thing happened when I was out on this walk. I saw an old man sitting on a chair. He was a seller of second-hand shoes. He seemed so tired and nobody was buying his shoes. I wanted to give him
13、something but I had not brought anything with me. Then, a little girl came toward him. I heard the child say, “Grandfather, may I polish your shoes?“ That old man took pity on her, smiled and he gave her a shoe to polish. The girl said, “I polish the shoe because I need money to buy my brother a new
14、 school uniform.“ The old man answered, “Oh, little girl. Just stop doing this. Come with me and I will buy you a uniform.“ Then they walked to a market (I followed behind) and he bought her a uniform. The girl was so happy. She said, “Thank you so much for doing this.“ Then she left, leaving the ol
15、d man smiling. He walked away from the market, but I stopped him. I whispered in his ear, “You are a hero! Thank you for your kindness!“ As I walked away, I glanced back and I could see him still smiling. I was blown away by the kindness I had just seen. Someone who had so little himself was able to
16、 show such incredible generosity! Amazing! My own sadness had completely disappeared, chased away by the light of this kind act. I began realizing that I have a lot to be thankful for. 24. Why did the girl want to polish shoes for the old man? A. To support the old man s business. B. To show her pit
17、y on the old man. C. To earn money to buy something to her brother. D. To attract the attention of passers-by to buy more shoes. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第五句The girl said, “I polish the shoe because I need money to buy my brother a new school uniform.”可知，女孩帮老人擦鞋是为了赚钱给弟弟买校服。故选C。 25. What can we know abou
18、t the old man from the passage? A. He has not enough to eat and wear. B. He is very cold to others. C. He is a kind and generous man. D. He is in a poor health condition. 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。老人自身并不富足，还是热心地帮助小女孩实现了愿望，由此可推知，他是 一个慷慨、善良的人。故选C。 26. What words can be described the girl s character? A. Friendl
19、y and caring. B. Greedy and kind. C. Enthusiastic and impatient. D. Mean and sad. 【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。小女孩对待卖鞋子的老人礼貌而又周全，由此可知她很友好；为了给弟弟买 新校服愿意付出自己的劳动，由此可知，她很有爱心。故选A。 27. What may the author learn from the old man? A. Compared with helping others, personal sadness is not important. B. One should live by o
20、ne s own work not by others help. C. One shouldn t look down upon the one who needs help. D. Even though one has little, he should try to help others. 【答案】D 【解析】推理判断题。卖鞋的老人自己并没有多少钱，还是尽自己的力量帮助了小女孩。作者可以 从老人身上学习到：一个人即使拥有的不多，但仍要尽自己的努力来帮助需要帮助的人。故选D。 C Adults perform better when they have a lot to gain or
21、 lose. But scientists did not know whether teens did too. To find out, Insel asked 88 people between the ages of 13 and 20. She had them try a game. The participants looked at pictures of planets on a computer screen. They had to click as fast as they could when they saw a planet with designs. They
22、were not supposed to click if a planet had no designs. 英语试卷第 5页（共 16 页）英语试卷第 6 页（共 16 页） The participants could earn 20 cents for right answers but lose 10 cents for wrong ones. In other sessions, they d get a dollar for right answers, and lose a half dollar for wrong ones. Players of all ages wante
23、d to win the money, and cared more about bigger rewards than smaller ones. As Insel expected, adults performed better when the stakes were high. But teens 13 to 18 played just as well whether they stood to win 20 cents or a dollar. Only 19- or 20-year olds stepped up their game for the higher stakes
24、. Insel s team published this work November 28, 2017, in Nature Communications. Brains change and mature during adolescence. And not all parts grow at the same rate. Insel was interested in two areas in particular. One is deep inside the brain and just above the ears. Called the ventral striatum ( 腹
25、侧纹状体 ), it helps the brain calculate rewards. The ventral striatum becomes mature during the teen years. The brain s prefrontal cortex (前额叶 ) takes longer to mature. This area is important for planning and setting goals. It may not mature until early adulthood. Nerve pathways think of them as the br
26、ain s “ wiring” connect the ventral striatum and prefrontal cortex. This lets the two regions communicate to make decisions. But because the prefrontal cortex matures later, the wiring between the two may not be complete until adulthood. 28. Which of the following can explain Insel s research? A. Te
27、ens ignore key points in many aspects. B. Adults behave better with higher rewards. C. Teens give more attention to exams than usual work. D. Adults behave more maturely than children in every way. 【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Only 19- or 20-year olds stepped up their game for the higher stakes. ”可知，当提
28、高筹码时，只有19 岁或 20 岁的孩子在游戏中表现更好。由此可推知，18 岁的成年人在筹码增大时，表现更好，与B 项一致。故选B。 29. What does the underlined word “ stakes ” refer to? A. The final results of games or experiments. B. The things that can be gained or lost in races. C. The ambitions or energies that one experiences in games. D. The powers that ma
29、ke one feel less pressure or pain. 【答案】B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文可知，stakes在此处指实验中提到的“earn 20 cents for right answers but lose 10 cents for wrong ones”, “ get a dollar for right answers, and lose a half dollar for wrong ones”， 指 比赛中的风险或赌注。故选B。 30. From the passage, we can know _. A. the experiment aims to find
30、 out adults behaviour facing high stakes B. teens have better performances in the first rounds C. adults care less about the experiment at first D. adults and teens show differently with high stakes 【答案】D 【解析】 细节理解题。 根据第三段第二、 三句“But teens 13 to 18 played just as well whether they stood to win 20 cen
31、ts or a dollar. Only 19- or 20-year olds stepped up their game for the higher stakes.”可以看出， 提高实验的筹码级别，成年人表现得更好，而13 到 18 岁的孩子表现和原来无异。故选D。 31. Which is the best title of the passage? A. Unlike adults, teens don t perform better with high stakes B. Who perform better, adults or children? C. Stakes are
32、the key points in promoting one s passion D. Whether low stakes or high stakes, one behaves similarly 【答案】A 【解析】文章标题。本文通过具体实验，主要阐述了因为大脑中的前额叶发育不成熟，面对高和低 风险或赌注，青少年表现相差无几，而成年人则面对高赌注，表现更好。故选A。 D Driverless technology will soon enter another major global industry: shipping. Several companies recently ann
33、ounced plans to launch self-sailing ships to improve safety and efficiency. One of them is Norwegian chemical company Yara International. Yara has designed to build an autonomous ship expected to launch next year. The ship is fully electric to reduce air pollution. It is designed to carry containers
34、 normally transported by truck. This means the ship will also improve road safety by replacing about 40,000 truck trips a year. Yara plans to operate the ships by remote control beginning sometime next year. By 2020, the ships should be loading and sailing themselves. Another company focusing on sel
35、f-sailing ships is the world s largest mining company, Australia s BHP Billiton. The company s Vice President of Freight, Rashpal Bhatti, recently spoke about the technology. He said, “ I believe automation will be one of the biggest changes for shipping in the future.” Autonomous ships offer import
36、ant chances to improve safety and 英语试卷第 7 页（共 16 页）英语试卷第 8 页（共 16 页） provide better efficiency outcomes to the marine supply chain.” He added that self-sailing ships could become a reality within the next decade. Rolls-Royce, the British automobile and engine manufacturer, is also developing unmanne
37、d shipping technologies. Oskar Levander is the company s head of marine operations. He told a conference last year, “ This is happening. It s not if, it s when. ” Several shipping companies have invested hundreds of millions of dollars to develop self-sailing ships expected to be used by 2025. These
38、 ships will be equipped with technology to collect weather and sea data. They will then use the data to plan out the safest, shortest and most fuel-efficient route. 32. What advantages does the driverless ship have according to the passage? A. Environmental friendly. B. Without noise. C. Low cost. D
39、. Having stronger ship body. 【答案】A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“The ship is fully electric to reduce air pollution.”可知，无 人驾驶轮船是电力的，旨在减少空气污染，由此可推知，这种船很环保。故选A。 33. What can we learn from paragraph 3? A. Australia s BHP Billiton is the world s largest ship company. B. The ships will work almost automatically by
40、2020. C. Bhatti isn t sure of the future of driverless ship. D. Self-sailing ships will be used in a couple of years. 【答案】B 【解析】 推理判断题。 根据第三段第二句“By 2020, the ships should be loading and sailing themselves.” 可推知，到2020 年，这种船将能自动装载和航行。故选B。 34. What attitude does Oskar Levander have to the new driverles
41、s ship? A. Unsure. B. Doubtful. C. Sure. D. Objective. 【答案】C 【解析】 观点态度题。 根据第四段最后一句“This is happening. Its not if, its when. ”可知，他坚信这 一定会实现，只是时间问题。故选C。 35. Where is probably the passage taken from? A. A physics textbook. B. A travel booklet. C. An advertisement. D. A science report. 【答案】D 【解析】 文章出处题。
42、 本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了最前沿的科技-无人驾驶轮船的研制， 因此有可能选自科技报导。故选D。 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题2 分，满分10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Here are some ways of encouraging a friend to get through a difficult time. 1. Make contact. When you find out that someone is going through a crisis, get in contact with them as s
43、oon as possible. If the person is far away, make a phone call or send an email. 36 This is especially important if theyre dealing with an illness that makes it difficult to leave the house. 2. Listen to them without judgment. People need to tell their stories in their own time. Of course youre going
44、 to have opinions about their situation. 37 Focus on your friend, so they work through the healing process. 3. Offer practical help. Instead of offering advice, what you can offer is some actual help. This can make a huge difference for them. 38 Help them out with some chores like doing their grocer
45、y shopping for them, helping clean their house, and taking their dog for a walk. 4. 39 When someone is going through a difficult life event, the basic functions of life tend to get forgotten. They possibly forget to eat or stop caring for their appearance. Remind them to do things like shower, and e
46、xercise. 5. Don t take over their life. Taking over their life may overwhelm them. 40 Dont just take your friend to dinner, ask them where and when they want to dine. Letting them make decisions, even if theyre small decisions, can go long way towards reclaiming their power. A. Even doing some littl
47、e things can make a difference. B. You should offer options to them. C. Sometimes visiting someone in person is also effective. D. You should use your past experiences to help them. E. But it isnt always necessary to share your advice. 英语试卷第 9页（共 16 页）英语试卷第 10 页（共 16 页） F. It s better to be there fo
48、r them. G. Encourage your friend to keep up with the life basics. 【答案】36.C 37.E 38.A 39.G 40.B 【解析】 36. C 本段主要讲述朋友面对困境，情绪低落时要和他们及时联系，前面提到了如果距离远， 就打电话或发邮件。此处是另一种和朋友联系的方式，根据最后一句中的“that makes it difficult to leave the house”可知，朋友生病不能离开家时，去家中拜访也是一个好方法。故选C。 37. E 本段主要讲述倾听， 不要评判。和本段标题中的“ without judgment”
49、以及下文中的“ Focus on your friend”照应，此处指不要提建议，要倾听。故选E。 38. A 和下一句中的“ some chores like doing their grocery shopping for them, helping clean their house, and taking their dog for a walk”照应， 此处指为朋友哪怕做一些小事情也会对他们很有帮助。故 选 A。 39. G 根据本段中的“ eat or stop caring for their appearance”可知，朋友情绪低落时，往往会忘 记最基本的日常生活，甚至忘记吃饭，不关注个人仪表，因此本段主要说明要提醒朋友做一些最基 本的生活琐事，和G 项中的“keep up with the life basics”一致。故选G。 40. B 根据下一句中的“ Letting them make decisions”可知， 应该给朋友提供自己做决定和选择 的机会，不要大包大揽，替他们做决定。故选B。 第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45 分 ) 第一节完形填空 (共 20 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分30 分) 阅读