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1、1 八年级英语（上）课堂笔记 Module 1 How to learn English 一词语链接： 1. translate (v.) translation (n.) translator (n.人), pronounce (v.) pronunciation (n.) advise (v.) advice (U.n.), improve (v.) improvement (n.), breathe (v.) breath (n.) 2. correct (v.;adj.=right) wrong 3. repeat = say again 4.write/spell (v.) writ
2、ing/spelling (n.) 5. base (n./v.) basic (adj.) 6. remember-forget, shy-outgoing(shy-shyer/shier-shyest/shiest), start-end, deep - low ( 反义词 ) 7. start=begin/open( 同义词 ) 8. forget forgot -forgotten, hear -heard -heard, send sent -sent 9. other 与 else （别的，其它的） else作形容词 时，通常放在 疑问代词 what 或 anything , so
3、mething, nothing, nobody,等 不定代词 之后； else作副词时，通常放在 疑问副词 或 anywhere等不定副词 之后。 other作形容词 ，通常放在被修饰的名词之前; other还可作 代词。 A. 1. What else do you want? Is there anybody else in the room? 2. When else can I come? Would you like to go somewhere else ? B. Please come some other day. 请改日再来。 Do you want any other
4、colours? 10. each与 every each 指两者或多者 ，强调个体情况 ，既是 代词，又是 形容词 ，常作 主语/宾语/同位语 等。 every指三者或三者以上 ，强调全体情况 ，只是 形容词 ，只作 定语 （与 all 近义） 例：1.Each of them has a bag with them.( 主) 2.He gave one to each of us two.( 宾) 3.Each boy has a ball in their hands.( 定) 4.They each have four wheels. ( 同) 5.Every student has
5、gone to the shop.(定语 )=All of the students have gone to the shop. 注意：1). each和 every作定语时，后面名词只用单数，谓语动词用单数 。 （例 3、5） each作同位语 时，谓语和其前面的主语保持一致。 （例 4） 2). each of后面接带 the 的复数名词或复数宾格代词，谓语动词用单数。 3). “ every+基数词 +复数名词 ” 或“ every+序数词 +单数名词 ” 表“ 每(隔)-” 的意思。 例：1.The Olympic Games are held every four years (e
6、very fourth year). 2. every other day (每隔一天 )=every two days 11. hope 与 wish (wish 常用于表示某种愿望，实现的可能性较hope小) A. I hope (that) I can visit the Great Wall next week. ( 接宾语从句 ) I hopeto visitthe Great Wall next week. (接不定式作宾语 ) 简单应答语： I hope so. ( 我希望如此 ) I hope not. (我希望不是 )；wish不能用。 B. I wish ( that )I
7、 could fly to the moon some day. (宾语从句常用虚拟语气) I wishto fly to the moon some day. (接不定式作宾语 ) I wish you to have a pleasant journey. (wish后接不定式作宾语补足语) I wish you a pleasant journey. (wish后可接双宾语 ) I wish you happy all your life. (wish + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 adj.) 12. advice不可数名词 , 可用名量词短语修饰a piece of advice, som
8、e pieces of advice give sb. some advice ( 给某人提建议 ); ask (sb.) for some advice ( 向某人征求建议 ) 二短语： 2 1. match-with-_2. translate-into- = put-into-_ 3. write down_ = put down 如果接名词 ，可放在 后面或中间；如果接 代词 , 只能放在 中间。 write down these words = write these words down = write it/them down 4. each other = one anothe
9、r _ (each other“两者之间 ” ；one another “多者之间 ”) LiLei and I often help each other. They complain to one another. 5. enjoy oneself = have a good / nice / wonderful time_ 6. all the time = always_ 7. borrow sth. from sb. _ lend sth. to sb. _ 8. pen friend = pen pal_ 9. go with _ 10. watch / see a film_ 1
10、1. write - to -_ 12. give sb. some advice on/about (doing) sth._ 与 ask for some advice on/about (doing) sth. _13.do some concerts_14. help sb. with sth. = help sb. (to) do sth. _15. make a mistake_ 16. send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb._ 17. enjoy (doing) sth._ enjoy oneself ( doing sth. )_ 18. talk a
11、bout sb./ sth. with sb. _ 19. speak to sb._20. take a (deep) breath_ 21. have a conversation with sb._22. practise (doing) sth._23. show/take sb. around someplace_ 24. be good / bad for_; be good to sb. _; be good at- _25. say hello to- _ 26.the English name for-_ 27. be good at 与 do well in be good
12、 at 擅长，表示 长久性 的爱好，不能用于表具体的一次性 的行为，常用 一般时 。 do well in 在某方面做得好 ，可用于表 长久性 也可用于 一次性 的行为，可用 各种时态 。 例：He is good at singing. = He does well in singing. He did very well in the sports meeting last year. 28. the number of - -的数量（谓语用单数形式） a number of - 许多的 - （修饰可数名词复数，谓语用复数形式） 例：The number of the students i
13、n our class is 52. A number of students are planting trees. 29. in the order_30. for example 与 such as_31. learn-from-_ 32. on the Internet/radio_33. in groups_ 34. make a study plan for-_ 35. think about _36. on the phone_ 37. advise sb. (not) to do sth. _ 38. look sth. up in the dictionary _ 39. i
14、nvite sb. to someplace _, invite sb. to an activity _, invite sb. to do sth._ 40. leave sth. someplace _ forget与 leave 忘记某物或忘记 某事用 forget，后可接名词、代词、不定式或动名词作宾语。 例： I forgot my English book, and my mother forgotto remind (提醒) me then. 把某物忘在 某处用 leave，常以 leave sth. someplace 形式出现。 例：I leave my English b
15、ook in the reading room . 三重点句式： 1. 建议句式： 1). Would you like to go to the park with us? (用动词时用 不定式 to do) 2). Would you please open the door for me?(用动词时用 动词原形 ) 3). Could you give me a hand, please?(用动词时用 动词原形 ) 3 4). Shall we go to the park together? (用动词时用 动词原形 ) 5). Why don t you write it down?
16、=Why not write it down?(用动词时用 动词原形 ) 6). How/What about going swimming? (用动词时用 动名词 doing) 7). I hope I can finish the work in an hour. (用动词时用 动词原形 ) 8). Let s play football on the playground, shall we?(用动词时用 动词原形 ) 9). You d better (not) go to the mountain today. (用动词时用 动词原形 ) 10). It s better to we
17、ar warm clothes when you go out. (用动词时用 不定式 to do) 11). It s a good idea to check your notebook every day. (用动词时用 不定式 to do ) 12). You should always speak English in class. (用动词时用 动词原形 ) 13). Try not to translate every word. (用动词 不定式 (not) to do ) 2. welcome (sb.) to 欢迎(某人)到 welcome (sb.) back to 欢迎
18、(某人)回到 例：Welcome (you) to China/my school/my home Welcome (you) back to China/school! Welcome back home/here! (home, here adv. 副词前不用介词 ) 3. It s a good idea to do sth. 做某事是个好主意 Thats a good idea.=Good idea. 好主意 It s difficult to remember new words . (动词不定式做真正的主语) 4. Try not to translate every word .
19、 (动词不定式做 try 的宾语 ) try to do sth . =do ones best to do sth (尽力做某事 ) try not to do sth (尽量不做某事 ) 例：1. Try to work out this problem. 2. We should try to study English well. 3. We should try not to sleep in class. 5. Sb. + take + time + to do sth. = It + takes + sb.( 代词用宾格 ) + time + to do sth. (某人花费时间
20、做某事；后者中it 做形式主语，不定式做真正主语) 例：He takes half an hour to do his homework every evening. =It takes him half an hour to do his homework every evening . 6. advise sb. ( not) to do sth.(建议某人 做某事 ) 例：She advised us not to look up every new words in the dictionary while doing readings. 7. The best way to lear
21、n English is speaking it as often as possible. (不定式做定语 ) 8. Do you find it easy to have a conversation in English? (it 形式宾语，不定式真正宾语) 9. What makes you shy ? (形容词做宾语补足语 ) 10. It s sometimes hard to understand American and British accents . (不定式做真正主语 ) 11. Tell him how to be a good student. (“疑问词 +动词不
22、定式”做宾语 ) 12. I left my homework at home. (leave sth. someplace 把某物忘在 某处用 leave) 13. Remember to speak English all the time. (不定式形式做 remember的宾语 ) 14. This is a great / good way to do sth . (不定式作定语 ) This is a great way to solve the problem . 15. Number the pictures in the order you hear them . (定语从句
23、 ) 四语法点滴：基础时态的复习P168页模块释疑 P160 页 五常识： 如何学好英语 How to learn English 作文 100词左右 Module 2 Experiences 一词语链接： 4 1. experience n .v. experienced adj. 2. compete v.- competition n. competitor (n. 人) 3. wonder n.- wonderful adj. 4. music n. musician n.(人) 5. Italy n. Italian adj. 6. west n. western adj. 7. s
24、it v. seat n. 8. beside = next to 9. brilliant =excellent 10. problem (需解决的问题 work on-solve/work out) 和 question ( 需回答的问题 -ask/answer) 11. buy sell 12.entertain v. entertainment n. 13. sell sold sold, dream dreamed /dreamt -dreamed / dreamt 14. name = say out, reckon = think of修饰 mark 用 high活 low。 1
25、5. experience (“经验” ，不可数 ； “经历” ，可数) This is a maths teacher with rich experience in teaching. Could you tell me your experiences in Africa? 二短语： 1. take off a. _- put on b. _- land (in / on / at); take off from-_ The plane takes off from Hong Kong, and lands in New York. 2. come true_3. be/go/stay
26、abroad_ 4. more than = over_ 5. sell out_ 6. roast duck_7. send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. _ 8. travel around the world_ all over China_9. one day = some day_ 10. enter a competition_ 11. dream about / of_12. take photos of-_ 13. Guess what!_ 14. a visit to someplace_15. invite sb. to do sth._ invi
27、te sb. to sp. / the activity _ 16.send sb. sth. =send sth. to sb. _ 17. the price of _ 18. in today s newspaper_19. a kind of_, all kinds of_, different kinds of_ 20. give a concert_, go to a concert_ 21. at the end (of-)_ 22. refer to_ 22. try doing sth._ 与 try to do sth. _(=do one s best to do sth
28、.) The little boy tried to draw a nice horse. ( 努力去做，争取使某事成功) The little boy tried drawing a horse. (初次尝试去做某事，不带有目的性) 三重点句式： 1. It sounds brilliant! Her voice sounds very sweet . (系表结构 ) 2. WeiMing has been all over China by plane. 3. There is a lot to see and do there. (不定式作定语 ) 4. I ve never been
29、to Shanghai. Have you ever been abroad?(have been to ，去过某地 ) 5. Pizza has always been my favourite food. (have been + 表语，表状态的延续 ) But I don t like sandwiches or ice cream. 6. He hasn t ever tried skiing. 7. What do you reckon (= think) will it rain today? (认为, 觉得) I think he ll come back soon. = I r
30、eckon he ll come back soon. 8. Sally has invited me to stay with her in England one day . 9. What kind of prizes are there for these competition? 10. What s the price of a plane ticket to the USA? ( 涉及 price 的提问使用 what) 11. What s the score of the match? ( 涉及 score的提问使用 what) 说明：涉及 price, mark, scor
31、e, population, temperature 等提问时使用 what 作为疑问词。 四语法点滴： 1. 现在完成时（参考 P168 -169页） have gone to use sth. for (doing) sth. _ 17. name-after-_ be named after _18. send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. _ 19. show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. _20. would like to do sth._ 21. receive/get sth. from sb._ 22. in the las
32、t -years_ 23.ask sb. to do sth. _; ask sb. for sth._ 24. try to do sth. _25. be part of_26. most of _27. a visit to someplace_ 28. so many_ ( )与 so much_( ); too many _与 too much _(many 后接可数复数名词； much 后接不可数名词 ) 29. too much与 much too too much (太多的 -)，修饰不可数名词，表数量，可省略后面的不可数名词； much too (简直太 -)，修饰形容词或副
33、词，表程度，后面所被修饰的词不能省略。 He eats too much (food), so he is much too fat. 三重点句式： 1. what are you up to? (= What are you doing?) 2. What do you think of it? = How do you like it? ( 你觉得 -怎么样？ ) 3. It has taken several months to get there . How long does it take to reach Beijing ? 4. But astronauts have alre
34、ady been to the moon. No one has been there recently. 5. I hear they have gone to Shanghai on business . Some spacecrafts have gonebeyond the solar system. 6. I d like to show it to them . 7. None of them have / has an environment with air, so people-. No one has discovered any life in space yet. 8.
35、 It is hard to understand how large the universe is. 9. So far / Until now / Up to now there s only life on Earth. 10. I haven t read anythingas good as that for a long time. 11. It s so good that I ve asked the library to keep the next book for me . 12. European languages use the names of the plane
36、ts for the days of the week. 13. Saturday is named after the planet Saturn. 14. Monday gets its name from the moon. 15. With so many stars in the universe , Are we alone, or is there life out there in space? (with 短语表伴随 ) 16. Scientists think that there has been life on Earth for millions of years.(
37、there be完成时) 17. The Sun and its planets are called the solar system. ( 被动语态 ) 18. How much have you grown in the last three years ? 19. I ve already asked the library to keep the next book for me! 9 20. I haven t met anyonefamousin my life but I hope one day I ll meet a real astronaut. 21. I ve wri
38、tten to NASA to ask them for more information about astronauts and space. 22. Some spacecraft have gone beyond the solar system. 四语法点滴：现在完成时（参考课本 P169-170页） 1. 现在完成时常与表时间的already, yet, just, before, recently, so far 等和表频率或次数 的 ever, never, once, twice, several times等连用 (yet, before, twice及短语常用于句尾， r
39、ecently, so far用于句首或句尾， already, just, ever, never 等副词常用于句中 )。 2have gone to与 have been to的区别 (参考课本 P23 页) 五常识： 旅游与天文知识 Module 4 Education 一词语链接： 1. health healthy healthily ;luck - lucky - luckily ;care careful - carefully n.-adj.-adv. 2. ill adj.-illnessn. 3. describe description ; pay payment; tr
40、ain - training; organize / organise organization / organisationv.-n. 4. electricity n.- electrical adj. 5. poor rich, same-different, fair-unfair, important-unimportant(反义); importantadj.-importance n. 6. study与 learn learn 常指学习基础知识或技能；当表示学习某人的品质或精神时，只能用learn。 study常指进行书本或某一系统内容的学习与研究；在问学习还是工作时，只能用s
41、tudy。 I find it difficult to learn to play the piano. (learn 后面可接不定式作宾语 ) What subjet are you studying ? (study后面不能接不定式 ) 7. nearly与 almost （两者一般情况下可以互换使用） almost可用于表示否定意义的不定代词(no, no one, none, nothing 等)之前。 Almost no one passed the exam. nearly 不可用于表示否定意义的不定代词之前。 Nearly everyone takes part in the
42、activity. almost不能与 not 连用，但可与 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定词连用。 She ate almost nothing. 为了避免意思含糊不清或者不合乎逻辑，almost 常紧跟在它所修饰的词前；修饰动词时 一般置于主要动词之前，但要放在系动词或助动词之后。不能置于句末。 nearly 和 almost 的区别 1）almost 和 nearly 既有相同处，也有不同点。在单纯表示“时间、程度、进度“时， almost=nearly 例： The building is almost completed. The build
43、ing is nearly completed. 第一句比第二句更接近于完成。 2）在具体数字前面常用nearly 例： The river is nearly 100 metres wide. The old man is nearly 80 years old. 3）almost 可与 no, nothing, none, never 等连用，此时不能用nearly 代替。 例： Almost no one believed him. Theres almost none left. 10 What he said was almost nothing worth listening to
44、. 4) almost不可被 not修饰，如不说 not almost或 almost not 。表示 “ 几乎不 ” ，可以用 hardly。 例： 8. drop 与 fall drop vt.vi. (使)掉落；下落A woman dropped her wallet on the ground. (vt.) The price of sugar will drop soon. (vi.) fall vi. =drop The snow fell / dropped everywhere. 9. raise与 rise raise vt. 升起；举起We raise the nation
45、al flag every Monday morning. rise vi. 升起；上涨The water in the river rose more quickly after the heavy rain. 10. ill 与 sick 两者都是形容词。 ill 和 sick都可作表语，可互换使用。但ill 一般不作定语。 The boy was ill / sick. (表语 ) He is a sick man. (定语，不能用 ill) 11. maybe, perhaps 与 probably 都表“可能”。 maybe更口语化，可位于句首、句中或句尾。perhaps表示有疑问，
46、不肯定，带有主观猜 测的意味。probably 相当于 most likely(很可能 )，指根据所掌握的证据或从逻辑推理来说 似乎是合理的。即“可能性”的从小到大的排序为maybe perhaps probably. Maybe he is a teacher. = He may be a teacher. He has gone to England, maybe. Perhaps he has gone to Beijing. He probably stays at the corner of the room. 12. pay, spend, cost 与 take (参考三模块 )
47、 13. teach taught - taught, pay paid - paid, drop - dropped - dropped (dropping) 二短语： 1. the same as_ (be) different from_ 2. the poor _ the rich_ (the+形容词：表一类人，视为复数)3. head teacher_ 4. get on / along (well) with- _ ; get on / along badly with-_ 5. hear about = hear of_; hear from sb. = receive/get a letter from sb._ 6. take (an active) pa