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1、Unit 12 Culture Shock课时练1阅读理解提速练学生用书P288(单独成册) 阅读理解A(2019 广州普通高中毕业班综合测试一)Its no secret that your personal characteristics directly affect how you interact with the worldbut you might be surprised at just how deep it goes. Experts think that your personality can even affect how you exercise and influ
2、ence what sports are suitable for you.Highly Sensitive“Highly sensitive people may be more uncomfortable with group exercise classes or team sports where they feel their every move is being observed. Additionally, they may feel more upset about an ineffective or a poor workout，” says researcher Elai
3、ne Aron.For such people, individual or noncompetitive activities like biking, running and hiking are ideal.Type A PersonalityType A individuals often have an “all or nothing approach” to exercise. This personality type is known for sticking closely to their plan, not to mention being super competiti
4、ve. However，this can cause them to stick too closely to a fitness routine, which means they might try to push past an injury.To get better exercise results, Type A people need to be aware that following an exercise plan too strictly may limit their progress. They should be more flexible and listen t
5、o their body, especially when they are in pain.Type B PersonalityThis laidback group may get too lazy about their exercise plan, which prevents them from seeing results. They are often less willing to devote enough time and energy to their fitness goals especially if exercise is something that makes
6、 them anxious.Type B individuals succeed in creative and cooperative environments, so team sports and group gym classes may be perfect.Remember, there are plenty of ways you can adapt a fitness plan to suit your needs, regardless of your characteristics. Just keep in mind what you like.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论
7、文，主要论述了人的性格影响体育锻炼项目的选择。1Why might highly sensitive people be unwilling to take part in group sports?AThey will feel like they are being evaluated.BThey dont like socializing with other people.CThey dont consider themselves to be athletic.DThey fear theyll be let down by their teammates.A解析：细节理解题。根据第
8、二段第一句可知，高度敏感的人可能不喜欢参加团体运动课程或团队体育运动的原因是他们觉得他们的每一个动作都会被观察到。据此可知，A项正确。2Type A people can be best described as _Acommitted BflexibleCindependent DsensitiveA解析：推理判断题。由题干关键词 “Type A people” 定位至“Type A Personality” 部分；根据该部分中的“This personality type is known for sticking closely to their plan，not to mention
9、being super competitive.”可知，这种性格的人会坚守他们的计划；A项意为“坚定的”，故A项正确。3What is the purpose of the text?ATo help people understand what personality type they are.BTo explain how personal characteristics affect exercise habits.CTo identify the dangers of doing the wrong type of exercise.DTo describe different ty
10、pes of workouts that are available today.B解析：写作意图题。通读全文尤其是文章第一段的第二句可知，本文主要论述了人的性格影响体育锻炼项目的选择，并介绍了不同性格的人的体育锻炼习惯。据此可知，本文旨在解释性格是如何影响人的体育锻炼习惯的，故B项正确。B(2019福建质检)On a college camping trip, curiosity about waves and sand caused Rob Thieler to study shorelines around the world. Thirty years later and now a
11、US. Geological Survey research geologist, Thieler, is combining science and smartphone technology to help study an endangered bird, the Atlantic coast piping plover(笛鸻)The piping plover is a shorebird that breeds(繁殖) along the Atlantic coast, the Great Lakes and the Great Plains. Rising sea level as
12、sociated with climate change, as well as increased development in their beach habitats(栖息地), threatens the species(物种)To help track changes in piping plover habitats, Thieler developed a free app called iPlover in 2012.This is a marked change from the typical way scientists collect data, which invol
13、ves gathering information by using specialized equipment or writing in notebooks and then putting it into spreadsheets.Since releasing iPlover, scientists have gathered data across 1，500 km of breeding range. That equals about a third of the distance across the US., which is a large area to cover fo
14、r only two thousand breeding pairs of piping plovers on the east coast. Instead of having to travel and spend days at each site, a number of cooperators in the field use the app to collect and send data, allowing scientists to gather data more efficiently. It also allows them to collect data at the
15、same time during each breeding season, providing a better picture of changes that happen over longer periods of time. And fast, centralized access means scientists can look at data quickly to get a realtime idea of where and how piping plovers are using their habitats.While iPlover is used by traine
16、d field staff, other apps like the US. Geological Surveys webbased “iCoastDid the Coast Change？” invite citizen scientists to identify coastal changes by comparing birds eyeview photographs taken before and after storms. All the information scientists and citizen scientists alike collect helps feder
17、al and state agencies create policy plans for addressing climate change impacts(影响) worldwide.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了美国的地质学家将科学和智能手机技术结合起来，研制出了一款app监测笛鸻栖息地的变化，从而帮助保护这种濒危动物。4What can we know about the piping plover?AIts behaviour is changing.BIts habitat is growing bigger.CIts living environment is beco
18、ming worse.DIts breeding is limited to the Atlantic coast.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Rising sea level associated with climate change，as well as increased development in their beach habitats(栖息地)，threatens the species(物种)”可知，与气候变化有关的海平面的上升和对它们的海滩栖息地越来越多的开发威胁到了这个物种，故推断出笛鸻的生存环境日益糟糕，本题选C。5Why did Thieler develo
19、p iPlover?ATo study shorelines across America.BTo advance information technology.CTo find out global climate change.DTo monitor changes of piping plover habitats.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“To help track changes in piping plover habitats，Thieler developed a free app called iPlover in 2012.”可知，Thieler研制iPlove
20、r的目的是监测笛鸻栖息地的变化，本题选D。6Which of the following benefits the piping plover?AThe camping equipment.BResearch on smartphones.CThe changeable coast.DProgress in technology.D解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容可知，免费的应用程序发行之后，科学家们的监测范围更广，并能更有效地收集数据，这些对于采取措施保护笛鸻很有好处，故技术的进步给笛鸻带来很多好处，本题选D。7What would be the best title of the te
21、xt?AProtecting Endangered ShorebirdsBRob Thieler，a Creative ScientistCiPlover，a Tool for Training Field StaffDDifferences Between iPlover and iCoastA解析：标题归纳题。根据文章大意可知，美国的地质学家将科学和智能手机技术结合起来，研制出一款app来监测笛鸻栖息地的变化，从而帮助保护这种濒危动物；再根据文章第二段第一句“The piping plover is a shorebird”可知，本题选A。C(2019湖南部分重点中学考前演练)Im som
22、etimes told, “You have to make your own luck. If you dont try something, how can you succeed？” This is very true for competitions.There are people who regularly take part in all sorts of competitions with great enthusiasm. These people are nicknamed compers. The motivation for being a comper is obvi
23、ous：its about being a winner and being rewarded with a prize. These prizes can be small or large：from a box of chocolates to a new car, a trip of a lifetime around the world, or even a new house. Isnt that worth competing for？Of course competitions that offer money prizes attract entry from millions
24、 of people, making the odds of winning very unlikely. But one man who has been lucky is a retired lecturer from the UK. called Martin Dove. He is a serial comper and has managed to bag prizes such as a yacht and a racehorse.Martin says：“Ive been a comper for 40 years. Its like admitting some addicti
25、on, isnt it？” He gets respect from other compers and also admits，“Some people have called me the Master of Comping, the King of Comping, the Guru of Comping. But its just a word, just a phrase. Its just because I frequently appeared in the media.”For many, winning remains a dream, but they continue
26、to try their luck as theres always a small chance that they might succeed. But what if you do win? Then you have to ask：how am I going to spend all that money? Some people say that “money cant buy you happiness”. What do you think?【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，阐述了一种社会现象：有些人总是热衷于参加各种形式的比赛活动，目的就是获奖。你是否有过类似的经历呢？8What
27、 does the author mean by “This is very true for competitions.”？ACompetitions bring people luck.BOne must be in a competition to win it.CTrying gets people to succeed.DPeople naturally compete with each other.B解析：推理判断题。This指的应是前面的“If you dont try something, how can you succeed？”，再结合第二段提到的人们参加比赛赢奖可知，此
28、处指的是对于比赛来说，一个人必须先参与进去然后才有可能赢得比赛，故选B。9Who are compers?AThose always standing out in competitions.BThose addicted to entering competitions.CThose often entering competitions for prizes.DThose competing for others recognition.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“There are people who regularly take part in all sorts of co
29、mpetitions.its about being a winner and being rewarded with a prize.”可知，compers指的是那些频繁地参加比赛以获取奖品的人。故选C。10What does the underlined word “odds” probably mean?APossibility. BInvestment.CImportance. DAdvantage.A解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Of course competitions that offer money prizes attract entry from millions
30、of people，making the odds of winning very unlikely.”并结合常识可知，比赛的奖金是有限的，而参赛的人越多，获奖的概率就越小。由此可知，odds的意思是“概率，可能性”。故选A。11What do Martins words suggest?AAny job can offer opportunities.BHe has attracted considerable attention.CPersistence is the key to his success.DHe has set a good example to others.B解析：推
31、理判断题。根据第三段的最后两句及第四段的内容可知，Martin经常参加比赛，而且得到了一些大奖并赢得了其他参赛者的尊重，甚至一些人称其为“参赛大师”、“参赛大王”、“参赛专家”。由此可知，Martin得到了广泛的关注。故选B。D(2019湖北部分重点中学新高三起点考试)“Its a big hammer to crack a nut.”This is how one angry parent described the recent crackdown(严厉的打击) by London police on parents who drop their kids off at school by
32、 car. Yes，you read that correctlythe very mode of transportation that many American schools insist is the only safe way to deliver kids to school is now considered illegal in the UK.The decision to fine any vehicles seen dropping off or picking up kids within a particular zone of east London comes f
33、rom city councilors(议员) longterm efforts to make the area safer and less crowded. They say theyve been trying for years “to encourage reasonable parking”，but in vain. Neighborhood residents complain frequently about their driveways being blocked by illegally parked cars for 15 minutes or more，often
34、while theyre trying to get to work，and the streets are long overcrowded.Now the rules have changed.Some parents are angry. Angie is a mother who made the “big hammer”comment and says the crackdown is “way over the top”The nearest dropoff point for her sixyearold is now a fiveminute walk from the sch
35、ool. Others are happy with the decision，severe though it may seem.Councilor Jason Frost said: “Traffic has been clearly reduced，and more children are now walking to school，which is a great outcome.I would rather have complaints that we are slightly inconveniencing parents than hear that a child had
36、been seriously injured because nothing was done.”I witness daily the chaos(混乱) created by these intown drivers，when I walk my own kids to school. Theres a parking lot crowded with vehicles and a slowmoving train of cars moving in circles，many filling the air with harmful smoke. Meanwhile，the convers
37、ations around overweight children and the importance of daily physical activities continue to stand out in schools.【解题导语】本文讲述伦敦自实行在学校门口严禁停车这一做法以来的变化。12Why is Angie opposed to the new rule?AShe is often fined by London police.BShe will lose her job as a school driver.CShe has adapted to the American
38、practice.DShe thinks it adds inconvenience to her kid.D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The nearest dropoff point for her sixyearold is now a fiveminute walk from the school.”可知，对于她6岁的孩子来说，最近的下车点离学校有五分钟的步行路程，据此可推知，Angie认为不能在校门口停车给孩子带来不便。所以选项D正确。13Why has the new rule been made according to Jason Frost?AOn account o
39、f many complaints.BBecause of students health problem.COwing to safety concern.DDue to air pollution.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“longterm efforts to make the area safer and less crowded”以及第四段最后一句可知，选项C的表述“Owing to safety concern.”是正确的。14What can be seen after the crackdown is carried out?ALess daily chaos.BSu
40、pport from all people.CMore overweight children.DComplaints from neighbors.A解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Traffic has been clearly reduced，and more children are now walking to school，which is a great outcome.”可知，车辆已经明显减少，许多孩子正在步行上学，日常混乱的场景越来越少，这是最大的结果，所以选项A正确。15What is the main idea of the text?AParents attempt
41、to resist a school rule.BLondon police cause widespread anger.CAmerican schools care more about kids safety.DDifferent voices are heard on a new traffic policy.D解析：主旨大意题。根据全文可知，伦敦学校门口家长停车造成安全事故和交通堵塞，因此议员提议对这一现象进行制止，由此引发家长的议论。因此选项D符合题意。 七选五(2019南昌模拟)Your first step toward healthy living is to get a h
42、andle on your health status right now. Heres your todo list：Assess your activity. How much physical activity do you get in a typical week? 1._？ How much variety do you get in your activity, and how much do you enjoy it? The CDC recommends that adults get at least two and a half hours per week of mod
43、erateintensity aerobic activity or one hour and 15 minutes per week of vigorousintensity aerobic activity, plus musclestrengthening activity at least two days per week.Keep a food diary. Write down everything you eat for a dayand no fair skipping the items youre embarrassed about. “2._，” says Kathia
44、nne Sellers Williams, MEd, RD, a nutritionist, wellness coach, and personal trainer with Cafe Physique in Atlanta. “You cant change what youre not aware of or dont acknowledge.”Check your mood and energy. Healthy living includes emotional wellness and adequate rest. How has your mood been lately? 3.
45、_？ Do you usually sleep well for seven to eight hours a night?4_. How strong are your connections with family and friends? Are you plugged into social or spiritual groups that enrich your life? “People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationships，” C. Nathan DeWall, assistant profe
46、ssor of psychology at the University of Kentucky, tells WebMD.If youre not thrilled with the answers to some of those questions, remember that the point is to figure out where you are today so you can set your healthy living goals. Its not about being “good” or “bad”， “right” or “wrong”. 5._.AHow in
47、tense is that activityBConsider your social networkCThe idea is to write it down without judgmentDIts time to learn something about the social appsEIts OK if you leave out some items in your food diaryFIt is the awareness of your own state of health that mattersGAre you experiencing any symptoms of
48、depression or anxiety【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了掌握自身健康状况的方法。1A解析：根据该段主题句“Assess your activity.”以及关键词activity可知A项与此处匹配。A项与“How much physical activity do you get in a typical week？”及“How much variety do you get in your activity, and how much do you enjoy it？”为并列问句。2C解析：根据空前的“Write down everything you eat for a dayand no fair skipping the items youre embarrassed about.”可知，空处应讲的是不做评判地