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1、Section Learning about Language .单词拼写 根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词 1They live in poverty(贫穷) and have no money to go to school. 2Because of the bad harvest many people will suffer from hunger(饥饿) 3The government will take measures(措施) to help college graduates to find jobs in 2020. 4Your children should be edu
2、cated(教育) to behave well when they are very young. 5From his position(位置) on the top of the tower，he can have a better view of the city. 6One of her goals is to get the first place in the coming examination. 7With the development of science and technology，our life becomes more and more convenient. 8
3、He earns 1，000 yuan a month.His family live on such a small income 9How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much? 10Dogs can hear much better than humans .拓展词汇 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 1hunger n饥饿hungry adj.饥饿的 2poor adj.贫穷的poverty n贫穷 3educate vt.教育；培养；训练education n教育 4develop v发展developing
4、 adj.发展中的developed adj.发达的 development n发展 5expect 预期expectancy n预期数额expectation n预期 寻规律、巧记忆 动词ment名词“收入”名词集锦 development 发展 equipment 设备 employment 雇用 management 经营；管理 agreement 协定；一致；同意 income 收入 pay 报酬 salary 薪水 wage 工资 profit 利润 .补全短语 根据提示补全下列短语 1up to 直到；由决定 2at the top of 在顶端 3at the bottom of
5、 在底部 4make efforts 努力 5make progress 取得进步 6make sure 确保 .选词填空 选用上述短语的适当形式填空 1Make sure that you really do understand what the position involves before you answer your question. 2As long as you work hard，you will make progress 3Teachers should encourage their students to make efforts to achieve succe
6、ss. 4As we know，the technological development in the US is at the top of the world. 寻规律、巧记忆 top 相关短语个个清bottom 相关短语多棱镜 at the top of 在顶端 on (the) top of 在上方 from top to bottom 从上到下 at the bottom of 在底端/底部 at bottom 实际上；本质上 from the bottom of ones heart 从某人心底里 背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实 1.From this agreement cam
7、e the Human Development Report. 人类发展报告就出自这个协议。 全部倒装。 沿路长着高高的树。 Along the road are/grow some tall trees. 2.Norway is at the top of the list， while the US is at number 7. 挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七。 while 用作并列 连词，表示对 比。 该地区有些家庭很有钱， 然而其他家庭却非常贫 困。 In this region some families are rich， while others are extremely p
8、oor. 3.The bottom ten countries are all African countries，with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list. 处于末端的十个国家均是非洲国家， 塞拉利昂(西非)排在最后。 with 复 合 结 构 (with 宾 语 宾补)在句中作 状语。 汤姆走进教室，手里拿着 一本书。 Tom came into the classroom，with a book in his hand. up to 直到；多达；由决定；忙于，从事；胜任 (教材 P11)not many ch
9、ildren have an education up to 11 years old 满 11 岁就接受教育的孩子并不多 写出下列句中 up to 的含义 Up to fifteen students were late for class today，which made my teacher very angry.高达；多达 Shall we have red wine or white？Its up to you.由决定 We all agree that he is up to the position.胜任 What have you been up to？忙于；做 Up to n
10、ow，he hasnt finished his work.直到 (1)be up to (doing sth.) 打算做/正在做； 胜任(做某事) (2)Its up to you. (交际用语)由你决定。 Its up to sb.to do sth. 由某人决定做某事 Its up to you to decide(decide)whether to go or not. 由你决定走还是不走。 measure vt.测量，计量；评估 n尺寸；(pl.)措施 (教材 P12)What does the Human Development Index measure? 人类发展指数是测量什么
11、的？ (1)measure.by. 用来衡量 (2)take measures (to do sth.) 采取措施(干某事) make.to ones measure 按某人的尺寸订做 Education shouldnt be measured only by examination results. 教育不应该只用考试成绩来衡量。 It is high time that we should take some measures to protect(protect) our environment. 是我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。 To welcome the school anniv
12、ersary，our school has made new suits to our measure. 为迎接校庆，学校为我们定做了新西装。 名师点津 (1)measure 表示“措施” 之意时，常用其复数形式 measures。 (2)measure 表示“量 ； 有长(宽、高等)” 时，是不及物动词，后跟量的结 果，不用被动语态及进行时态；如果此意义的短语作后置定语，要用现在分词。 position n位置；职位，地位；姿势；状况，处境 (教材 P12)The UK is in the thirteenth position，while China is in the middle of
13、 the list. 英国排在第十三位，而中国则排在名单的中间。 写出下列句中 position 的含义 Can you find our position on this map？位置 She held the position of sales manager in a large company.职务 Make sure that you are working in a comfortable position.姿势 What would you do if in my position？状况，处境 (1)in aposition 处于的地位/处境 in/out of position
14、 在/不在适当的位置 (2)hold the position of 担任的职务 What made you in a difficult position? 什么使得你处于困难的处境？ The books are all out of position.Put them back in position. 这些书放的位置不对，把它们放回适当的位置。 make sure 确保；确信；弄清楚 (教材 P12)make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11 确保达到 11 岁的孩子都能受教育 (1)make sure o
15、f/about. 弄清楚；查明 make sure that. 确保；核实/弄清 (2)be sure of/about/that. (主语)有把握，确信 be sure to do sth. (主语)一定会做某事 Youd better make sure of the exact time of the arriving plane so that we can go to meet you at the airport. 你最好弄清楚飞机到达的确切时间，以便我们去机场接你。 I am sure of/about your success，so never give up. 我确信你会成功
16、的，所以千万不要放弃。 You are sure to succeed(success) if you go on working hard.I believe in you! 如果你继续努力工作，你一定会成功的。我相信你！ make efforts 努力 (教材 P12)The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts. 报告显示：我们正在进步，但是我们必须作出更大的努力。 (1)make efforts/an effort/every effort to do
17、 sth. 努力做某事 spare no efforts (to do) 不遗余力 (2)without effort 容易地，不费力地 We should spare no efforts to make up for the lost time. 我们应该不遗余力地把失去的时间补回来。 I will make every effort to achieve(achieve) my goal. 我将尽一切努力来实现我的目标。 Nobody can succeed in anything without effort. 人不努力，任何事都不能成功。 名师点津 “尽一切努力做某事” 的表达法还有
18、： try/do ones best to do sth. do all that sb.can to do sth. do what sb.can to do sth. figure n数字；体形；人物；身影； 图形 v.计算；认为 (教材 P13)Complete the chart with figures from the passage. 用文章中的数字完成表格。 写出下列句中 figure 的词性和含义 Beijing University，founded in 1898，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.n.人物 H
19、e went on to graduate from college and got a job，earning close to six figures.n. 数字 I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years.n.体形 She was frightened to see a figure in the dark.n.人影 I figure that he was drunk and shouldnt be allowed to drive.v.认为 figure out 想出，理解；弄明白，看透 keep ones
20、figure 保持身材 I cant figure out what it is that makes him so depressed recently. 我捉摸不透最近什么事让他情绪这么低落。 (教材 P12)Norway is at the top of the list，while the US is at number 7. 挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七。 【要点提炼】 句中的 while 作并列连词，意为“但是，然而” ，表示一种对 比关系。 (1)while 引导时间状语从句，意为“当时候” 。 (2)while 引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管” ，一般放在句首，相当于 a
21、lthough。 In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in others，knives and forks. 在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在其他国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。 While the students came from different countries，they got along quite well in the summer camp. 虽然学生们来自不同的国家，但是他们在夏令营相处得非常好。 The telephone rang while I was walking in the garden.我在花园里
22、散步时电话 铃响了。 名师点津 作“然而” 解时，while 不能放在句子前面。while 和 but 有所不同，while 用 于对比，but 表示转折；当前后两个分句为同一个主语时应用 but，不用 while，表 示转折。 (教材 P12)The bottom ten countries are all African countries，with Sierra Leone(in West Africa) at the bottom of the list. 处于末端的十个国家均是非洲国家，塞拉利昂(西非)排在最后。 【要点提炼】 句中的 with Sierra Leone (in We
23、st Africa) at the bottom of the list 属于“with宾语宾补” 结构，在句中作状语，介词短语 at the bottom of the list 作宾补。 with 复合结构常作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语，也可作后置定语。 其常见形式有： (1)with宾语形容词/副词/介词短语 (2)with宾语doing (3)with宾语done (4)with宾语to do Do you know the lady with a baby in her arms? 你认识那个怀抱婴儿的女士吗？ He has no trouble settling the pr
24、oblem with you helping (help) him. 有你帮助他，他毫无困难地解决了这个问题。 The boy sat in the room，with his eyes fixed(fix) on the ceiling. 那个男孩坐在屋里，眼睛盯着天花板。 名师点津 with 复合结构的难点和考点在于现在分词、过去分词和不定式作宾语补足语 的区别。现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动或正在进行的动作；过去分词作宾语补 足语表示被动或已完成的动作；动词不定式作宾语补足语表示将要发生的动作。 因此，确定非谓语动词和其逻辑主语之间的关系以及非谓语动词所表示的时间概 念十分重要。 (教材
25、P12)These are among the five richest countries in the world，so it is right that they should do so. 【分析】 本句是由并列连词 so 连接构成的并列句。 在 so 后面的分句中 it 是 形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的从句。 【翻译】 这些都在世界上最富有的五个国家之中，所以他们这样做是应该 的。 .单句语法填空 1The room measures (measure) 4 meters long and 3 meters wide. 2We are now in a good posi
26、tion where all is in our hands. 3 With the rapid development (develop) of science and technology， the computer plays a more and more important role. 4God gave us the gift of life；it is up to us to give(give) ourselves the gift of living well. 5We must make every effort to turn (turn) our dreams into
27、 reality. 6Tom is very good at singing，while his brother is clever at dancing. 7At the foot of the mountain stands(stand) a tower built in the Ming Dynasty. 8With my brother to help(help) me，I will finish the task in a shorter time. 9Being a public figure today，however，is a lot more difficult than i
28、t used to be. 10 Those children in that poor area are looking forward to being educated(educate)，but their parents cant afford to send them to school. .单句改错 1The bridge measured as long as 500 meters needs repairing.measuredmeasuring 2Reading is a good habit.Stick to it and youll make a great progre
29、ss.去掉 make 后的 a 3I cant figure how to get this washing machine started.figure 后加 out 4The table isnt in the position.Youd better move it.去掉 position 前的 the 5 Therefore， the film industry should make greater effort to attract more viewers.effortefforts 或 make 后加 a .完成句子 1作业做好后，我们接下来到操场玩耍。 With homewo
30、rk done，we went on to play on the playground. 2为了拯救世界，我们应该采取措施来控制污染。 We should take measures to control pollution in order to save the world. 3将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。 Its up to you to lead/live what kind of life in the future. 4在处理公共关系时，我们应该尽一切努力避免与他人争吵。 In dealing with public relations，we should make every effort to avoid quarrelling with others. 5早点到电影院来，确保得到一个座位。 Arrive early at the cinema to make sure of getting a seat.