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1、Section Grammar表语从句和 主语从句 表语从句和 主语从句 语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句后自主感悟 But the big surprise of the evening was when I was elected prom queen！ My feeling is (that) theyre going to be big one day. Its a good thing that the exams are finished. Its well known that Americans are competitive. 1.句和句中的黑体部分均为表语从 句。 2.句
2、和句中的黑体部分均为主语从 句，而句首的 it 用作形式主语。 一、表语从句 1表语从句的连接词 引导词用法 that，whether 在从句中不作成分，that 没有实际意义，不可 省略；whether 意为“是否” because 说明主语所表示的事件发生的原因， 意为 “因 为” 从属连词 as if/though 从句表示的情况发生的可能性较小时常用虚 拟语气 连接代词 who(ever)， whom(ever)， whose， what(ever)， which(ever)等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等 连接副词 when，where， why，how 等 在从句中作状语，表
3、示时间、地点、原因、方 式等 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 The point at issue is whether we go to the party. 争论点是我们是否去参加聚会。 He has heart disease.That is because he has been smoking too much. 他有心脏病。那是因为他抽烟太多。 He looked as if he had seen a ghost. 他好像见了鬼似的(很惊慌的样子)。 All I know is what I re
4、ad in the papers. 我所知道的一切，都是从报纸上看来的。 The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.我们最 后一次痛快地游玩是我们参观水上公园的时候。 即时演练 1 用适当的连接词填空 The problem is whether we can find them there. This is what I should have done first of all. This is where I dont agree with you. 2注意事项 (1)that 与 wh
5、at 的区别 that 引导表语从句时，是连词，在从句中不作成分；what 是连接代词，引导 表语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 That was what she did this morning on her way to school. 那就是她今天早晨在去学校的路上做过的事。 (2)because 与 why 的区别 because 引导表语从句时，表示“因为” ，why 引导表语从句时，表示“的 原因” ，相当于 the reason why。 He got up late this morning.This is why he came late.今天早晨他起晚了。这就
6、是 他来晚的原因。 He was late today.This is because he got up late. 他今天来晚了。这是因为他起晚了。 (3)虚拟语气用于表语从句 如果主句的主语是 idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement 等名 词时，表语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即(should)动词原形。 My suggestion is that we(should) go and help him without delay. 我的建议是我们应该立即去帮助他。 即时演练 2 单句改错 “Every time you eat a
7、sweet，drink green tea.” This is that my mother used to tell me. thatwhat She often comes late.Thats why she has a baby to take care of. whybecause The doctors advice is that we must take more exercise. mustshould 或去掉 must 二、主语从句 1引导词 引导词用法 从属连词that，whether，if 在从句中不作成分，that 没有实际 意义，whether 和 if 意为“是否
8、” 连接代词 who(ever)， whom(ever)，whose， what(ever)， which(ever)等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定 语等 连接副词 when，where， why，how 等 在从句中作状语， 表示时间、 地点、 原因、方式等 (1)连词 that 和 whether，在从句中不作任何句子成分，只起连接从句的作用。 It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.通常情 况下，对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能。 (2)连接代词 who， whom，
9、whose， what， which， whoever， whatever， whichever 等；连接副词 where，when，how，why 等。 What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my homemy only home. 你所在的任何地方都是我的家我唯一的家。 即时演练 3 用适当的连接词填空 What will
10、happen to the world is difficult to predict. Whether we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. Who will take the place of our original headmaster hasnt been decided yet. Why he gave up the chance of studying abroad is unknown. Where we will have the picnic next week is being discussed. 2注意
11、事项 (1)常用形式主语 it 的结构 若主语从句较长，而主句谓语部分又相对较短时，常用 it 作形式主语，同时 将主语从句后置。 It is a fact(a good idea/a pity/a shame/no wonder.)that 从句。 It is a pity that you missed the film. 你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。 It is necessary(clear/true/strange/important/wonderful.)that 从句。从句多用 虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should)动词原形” 。 It is necessary that y
12、ou (should)master English. 你有必要掌握英语。 It is reported(well known/hoped/thought/expected/said/believed/ decided/suggested/ordered.)that 从句。 It is said that he was killed in the earthquake. 据说他在地震中丧生了。 It seems(happens/appears/doesnt matter/makes no difference.)that 从句。 It seems that they will win the g
13、ame. 看起来他们将会赢得这场比赛。 即时演练 4 句型转换 That he should know about it is important. It is important that he should know about it. That he has gone to Shanghai is said. It is said that he has gone to Shanghai. (2)whatever 和 whoever whatever 和 whoever 可以引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 此外，它们还可以引导让步状语从句。 Keep calm，whate
14、ver happens. 不管发生什么事都要保持镇静。 Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.你的支持对我 们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事都会有所帮助。 即时演练 5 判断下列从句的类型 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 主语从句 Whoever breaks the law，he should be punished. 让步状语从句 Whatever may happen，you must keep calm. 让步状语从句 3主语从句中的虚拟语气 (
15、1)在 “Itbe形容词that 从句” 句型中， 如果形容词为 necessary， important， strange，natural 等时，从句谓语动词常用“(should)动词原形” 。 It is necessary and important that one(should)master the skill of operating computers so as to meet the need of a job.为了满足工作上的需要， 掌握电脑操作技巧 是很有必要并且是很重要的。 (2)在“Itbe过去分词that 从句”句型中，如果过去分词为 suggested， advi
16、sed，ordered，requested，required 等时，that 从句谓语动词使用“(should)动 词原形” 。 It is suggested that the sports meeting(should)be put off.有人建议推迟举行运动 会。 (3)主语为从句时的主谓一致 主语为从句时， 谓语动词一般要用单数形式， 但如果 what 引导的从句作主语， 代表复数概念(常可从表语上看出)时，谓语动词常用复数形式。 What I need are two pens . 我所需要的是两支钢笔。 即时演练 6 单句改错 It is suggested that the w
17、ork must be done in a day. 去掉 must 或 mustshould It is strange that he treats the man in a friendly way. treats(should)treat What I want to buy is several books. isare .用适当的连接词填空 1That my brother won the match made my parents surprised. 2My suggestion is that we (should) read English newspapers to im
18、prove our English. 3The key is where we will go for our holiday. 4The doctors advice is that you should give up smoking. 5The question is who will come to help us. 6He had a bad cold.That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 7Whether well have a party or not next week hasnt been decided. 8This is wh
19、at we have learned from this lesson. 9How he got the important information from the company was a mystery. 10It happened that she was out when we called. .单句改错(每句仅有 1 处错误) 1It is by no means clear how the president can do to end the strike. howwhat 2It doesnt matter which you pay by cash or credit c
20、ard in this store. whichwhether 3It suddenly occurred to him what he had left his keys in the office. whatthat 4Id like to start my own businessthats when Id do if I had the money. whenwhat 5The parents try to do everything for their son. Thats how they are mistaken. howwhere 6She was ill.Thats beca
21、use she didnt come today. becausewhy 7That is known to us how he became a writer. ThatIt 8Now Id like to tell you that took place in my school last Thursday. thatwhat 9Secondly，we should show our respect for our parents and do which we can to help them. whichwhat 10The only problem is that because Im not very good at small talk with people I dont know. 去掉 because