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1、第 1 页 共 9 页 介词 1表示时间的介词： at, in, on, before, to, from, by, till, until, after, for, since 等。 2表示地点，位置，方向的介词：next, to, in, in front of, on , out of, at, above, over, into, near, between, under, up, across, by, down, from, around, behind, beside等 3表示原因，理由的介词：for, as, at, from 等 4表示方式的介词： on, in, by, w
2、ith 等。 常用介词辨析 1 表示时间的 in, on, at, after 1) in 的用法。 用于早晨、下午、傍晚。 In the morning/afternoon/evening 用于月、年、季节等。 In March, in 1986, in spring 用于一段时间后。 In a week, in a years time, in two hours 2) on 的用法 用于具体某一天。 On my birthday, on the morning of next Friday, on June 6, on Sunday, on New Years Day 用于描述性的时间。
3、 On a cold night, on a winter day 3) at 的用法 用于具体的钟点。 At 12 o clock, at half nine 用于固定的搭配。 At lunch, at night, at breakfast, at noon, at Christmas, at weekends, at that time 4) after 表示在一点时间以后。 After twelve oclock 2. 表示的地点的in, on , at in 指大地方， at是小地点，in 表示的是体， on 表示的是面， at 表示的是点。 in 可指内部，on 可指“ 在之上”
4、There are six windows in the wall.墙上有 6 扇窗子。 There are five pictures on the wall. 墙上贴着 5 幅画。 3. 表示方位的 on, over, under, above, below. 1）on , over, above指上方； under, below指下方； on 指物体接触。 2）over指正上方、 above指斜上方、 under指正下方、 below 指斜下方。 There will be two bridges over the river.河上将有两座桥。 4. between, among Bet
5、ween指两者之间 , among指三者或三者以上。 5. across , over, through Across表示从这一边到另一边的横过, over表示从空间通过 , through 则表示从内部空间穿过。 Can you swim across the lake? 你能游泳过湖吗？ 6. with, in ,by With 后跟工具 , in 后跟语言、材料等 , by 跟某种方式。 I can write with a pen. 我能用笔写。 第 2 页 共 9 页 7. 看似相同，但意义有别的词组。 At school 在上学At the school 在学校In front o
6、f 在前边（外部） In the front of 在前部（内部）In class 在课上In the class 在这个班 In bed 在睡觉In the bed 在床上In hospital 住院In the hospital 在医院里 Go to school 去上学Go to the school 去学校 用适当的介词填空 1)He knows everything _ the school. 2)He usually goes out for a walk _ lunch. 3)I have lunch _ half past eleven. 4)Please look _ the
7、 blackboard. 5.They work _8:00 _16:00. 5)When do they get up _ the morning? 6)Will we go _ bus or _ foot? 7.We have learned a lot _ you. 7)The cup was broken _ her. 8)Where are you _? Im _Beijing. 9)We are working _ the people. 10) It is time _ breakfast. 11) Class begins _ nine. 12) We come _ diffe
8、rent parts of America. 13) She lives _ her father. 14) She often gets up _ half past six _ the morning. 15) We stay here _ six months. 16) You are leaving _ Shanghai. 17) He was born _ 1986. 18) We usually have meetings _ Saturday afternoon. 19) Beijing is the capital _ china. 20) Have a cup _ coffe
9、e please. 21) Xiao Li was born _ March25,1991. I. 介词的种类 1. 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without, to, by, with, of, over, behind, up, after, against 等。 2. 复合介词，如 , along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。 3. 介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系 (1) 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, bel
10、ong to, keep away from, care about 等。 (2) 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at (3) 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, visit to等. 第 3 页 共 9 页 * 介词后常跟人称代词的宾格和动词的ing形式。 II. 某些介词的意义与用法区别 1. at, on, in(表时间 ) : at表示时间的一点； in 表示一个时期； on 表示特殊日子 A. at 后常接几点几分，天明，中午，日出，日落，开始等。如： at fiv
11、e oclock （五点），at daybreak （天亮），at noon （中午），at midnight （半 夜），at the beginning of the month （月初）， at that time （那时）， at that moment （那会儿）， at this time of day （在一天的这个时候）。 B. in 后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季节，世纪等。如： in 2006（2006 年）， in May，2004 （2004 年五月）， in the morning （早晨 /上午）， in the afternoon （下午），in
12、the evening （晚上），in the night （夜晚），in the daytime （白天）， in the 21st century （21 世纪）， in three days （weeks/month）三天（周 /个月）， in a week （一 周）， in spring （春季）。 C. on 后跟某日，星期几，某日的朝夕，节日等,即具体某一天极其早中、晚 . on Sunday （ 星 期 日 ） ， on a warm morning in April （ 四 月 的 一 个温 暖 的 上午 ）， on a December night （12 月的一个夜晚），
13、 on that afternoon （那天下午）， on the following night （下 一个晚上）， on Christmas afternoon （圣诞节下午）， on October 1 ，1949 （1949 年 10 月 1 日）， on New Year s Day. (特别提示 ): 在 last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词 2. between, among( 表位置 ) “在之间” A. between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也可用 between, 如I m sit
14、ting between Tom and Alice. B. among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：He is the best among the students. 3. beside, besides, except beside意为“在旁边“，He sat beside me. besides意为“除之外“, 包括在内。What do you want besides this? except意为“除之外“, 不包括在内They go to work in a week except Saturday. 4. in the tree, on the tree in the tree ,
15、指动物或人等外来的东西在树上， on the tree , 指果实或叶子等树本身长出来的东西 5. on the way, by the way, in this way on the way 指在路上 , on ones way to . by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法, in that way , in other way, in these ways 6. by bus, on the bus by bus 是一般说法 , 固定搭配 , on the bus 特指乘某一辆车 7. across, through, 和 past“ 通过, 经过 ”
16、 across从表面经过 , 如,road, bridge, river 第 4 页 共 9 页 through 从内部空间经过 , 如: city, woods, forests, window, gate past , 从旁边经过 . EX: Fill in the blanks with across or through. 1. We have to walk _the gate to go into the factory. 2. When we went _the cinema,we saw a traffic accident. 3. Look out _the window,
17、please. 4. Don t walk_the ice. Its dangerous. 5. Suddenly, a young man ran _me. 6. If you walk _the square, you will see the Sunflower Hotel. 7. The river goes _the city. 8. The old man can swim _the stream. 9. I walked _him without saying hello. 10. The army moved _the forests quietly. 8. on, above
18、, over, “ 在上”, up, A. on 指在某物表面上 ,有接触点a book on the table B. over 指在某物垂直上方 ,无接触点 ,也可指覆盖在某物上 , 与 under相对 a cloth over the table , a fan over the table C. above指在某物的上方即可 ,不一定是垂直上方反义词为below , The temperature today is above zero. 今天气温零度以上 . D. up 表示在往上的方向反义词 down look up to the sky 抬头看天空 11. in, after “
19、 以后 ” A. “in + 段时间” 表示将来的一段时间以后 , 用在将来时态中 ., 常回答 how soon 的提问 . B. “after+ 段时间” 表示过去的一段时间以后 , 相当于 一段时间 + later My mother will come back in three or four days. He arrived after five months. = He arrived five minutes later. 12. by, with, in , on 表示方式 , 手段,工具， A. by 以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具, 或跟 V-ing 形式. B. wit
20、h 表示用 工具, C. in 表示用 方式，用 语言(语调、颜色 )等 D. on 表示通过媒介 , on the telephone, on the radio, on TV Eg: He learned Japanese by listening to the radio. We Chinese have meals with chopsticks. The novel is written in English. Ex: Fill in the blanks with by,with or in,on 1. I sent the message to him _email. 2. Th
21、e pupils write _pencils. 3. Do you know the meaning of word _Chinese ? 第 5 页 共 9 页 4. The man climbed up to the tree _a ladder. 5. They solved the problem _ communicating. 6. The woman was crying _a low voice. 7. The old man often gets news _the radio 8. We often cut things _a knife. 9. He improved
22、his writing skill _keeping diaries. 10. My grandpa can sing some songs _Russian. 13. 放在地点之前的介词 :at, in, on A. at (1)表示在小地方 ; (2)表示“ 在附近，旁边 ” B. in (1)表示 在大地方 ; (2)表示“ 在范围之内 ” 。 C. on 表示毗邻，接壤 D. to 表示在 范围外，不强调是否接壤 III. 介词的其他一些用法 . 1. as, 作为. English is used as a mother language. 2. at, 在旁边, The boy i
23、s sitting at the door. 3. but, 除了. He has nothing but money. 4. like, 象, 如同. He looks like my best friend. 5. till, until, 直到, 在以前. We didn t go home till five yesterday. 6. with , 有，带着。I d like some coffee with sugar. 7. by, 在. 附近They live by a river. 8. 短语介词 : thanks to, because of, in spite of, i
24、nstead of 一. 选择最佳答案 (表示时间关系的介词 ). 1. The plane arrived at London airport _ Wednesday. A. on B. at C. in D. for 2. What do you usually do _ Christmas? A. on B. at C. in D. for 3. The first class begins _ 8 oclock _ the morning. A. at/on B. at/in C. on /in D. on/on 4. _last Saturday, we had had two fo
25、otball matches with Class Two. A. For B. / C. By D. During 5. We will be in Nanjing _ Tuesday _Thursday. A. on/ through B. on/to C. from/to D. on./till 6. Mr Black will visit our new school building _ two days. A. before B. after C. at D. in 7. _ the end of last spring Wang Hai joined the army _ the
26、 end. A. At/at B. By/in C. In /at D. At /in 8. We will have a football match _ this Saturday afternoon A. on B. / C. in D. for 9. He came to see you _ the evening of May 10 th. 第 6 页 共 9 页 A. in B. at C. on D. for 10. I m afraid I gave you a lot of trouble _ my stay here. A. in B. for C. during D. o
27、n 11. The supermarket is open _ midnight. A. at B. on C. till D. / 12. Days are longer _ summer than _ winter. A. in/in B. in/on C. from/to D. to/in 19._ New Year s eve people usually dont go to bed until midnight. A. At B. On C. For D. In 20. Tom and Paul usually watch TV _ weekends. A. at B. in C.
28、 for D. / 21. Every day the old man takes these children home _ school. A. at B. to C. from D. after 22. Could you come to my office _ the day after tomorrow. A./ B. on C. in D. at 23. We had built three bridges over the river _ the end of 1994. A. at B. on C. for D. by 24. Life will be better _ the
29、 21 st century. A. at B. on C. for D. in 25. Do you often work late _ night. A. at B. in C. for D. during 二. 选择最佳答案 (表示地点运动方向的介词 ). 1. There is a bridge _ the river. A. under B. over C. on D. next 2. There are many beautiful birds _ the tree. A. on B. at C. in D. besides 3. My house is _ the two bui
30、ldings, so we get little sunshine during the day. A. between B. among C. in D. at 4. Lucy is waiting _ No.3 bus stop _ her father. A. for/for B. for/at C. at/for D. at/at 5. Is there anything interesting _ _ today s newspaper? A. in B. on C. at D. / 6. Can you tell me who spoke _ the meeting ? A. at
31、 B. along C. in D. for 7. My uncle lives _ 208 Smith Street. A. at B. on C. to D. with 8. At last we reaches the village _ the hill. A. at the foot of B. at foot C. on foot of D. in the foot from 9. Shanghai is _ the east of China and Japan is _the east of China. A. to/to B. to /in C. in /to D. in /
32、in 10. _ the end of the street you can find the post office. A. By B. At C. On D. In 第 7 页 共 9 页 11. Do you often listen _the programmes _ the radio. A. to/of B. to /in C. to/on D. on /to 12. Please wait _the office . Dont come in until you are called. A. in B. into C. inside D. outside 13. Are you
33、going to leave Guangzhou _ Beijing? A. for B. to C. from D. in 14. There is a hole _ the wall. A. in B. at C. for D. towards 15. Can you tell me the way _ Shanghai Zoo? A. to B. at C. for D. towards 三. 选择最佳答案 (注意与一些动词搭配使用的介词) 1. Thank you _ your coming. A. to B. of C. by D. for 2. He spent a long ti
34、me _ the maths problem. A. in B. on C. for D. at 3. Mr Li is going to help him _ his Chinese this afternoon. A. with B. on C. by D. at 4. How much did you pay _ this book? A. for B. at C. on D. with 5. Please translate the sentence _ English. A. into B. to C. at D. for 6. Please fill the bottle_ tea
35、. A. by B. with C. for D. in 7. The machines cut big pieces of metal _small pieces. A. in B. by C. to D. into 12. You can borrow the book _ your school library. A. from B. to C. for D. at 13. I prefer coffee_ tea. A. over B. to C. for D. than 14. Would you show me _ your factory? A. to B. in C. at D
36、. round 15. Help yourself_ some fish. It tastes very nice. A. with B. on C. in D. to 16. They haven t decided_ the date for the next meeting. A. for B. by C. in D. on 17. Let me introduce her _ you. A. with B. on C. to D. for 18. Li Ling fell _ his bicycle this morning A. on B. down C. off D. to 19.
37、 I shouted_ her, but shi didnt hear me. A. to B. at C. on D. for 20. Tom has made friends_ many Chinese students. 第 8 页 共 9 页 A. with B. to C. by D. among 四. 选择最佳答案 (注意介词的习惯用法 ) 1. Can you find out the answer_ these questions? A. of B. for C. to D. with 2. _ his help, I passed the English test yeste
38、rday. A. Under B. Of C. With D. by 3. Dont forget to bring your text book _ you. A. in B after C. with D. to 4. The people are waiting _ the bus, and they ate standing _ line. A. for/on B. for/in C. at /on D. at/in 5. Can you sing this song _ English? A. with B. in C. by D. for 6. Who is the boy _ b
39、lue trousers? A. in B. on C. with D. at 7. He decided to get some medicine_ his cold. A. to B. of C. on D. for 8. The baby s sleeping. Dont speak_ such a loud voice. A. with B. in C. on D. at 9. China is a large country _ a long history. A. for B. in C. by D. with 10. We cant live even for a few min
40、utes_ air. A. in B. without C. by D. with 11. The soldiers are standing_ a row. A. in B. on C. by D. with 12. She always serves her customers _ a smile. A. in B. with C. by D. on 13. Dont read _ the sun. Its bad _ your eyes. A. under/of B. in/towards C. in/ for D. under/for 14. How many students go
41、to school _ foot? A. by B. in C. on D. with 15. _ _ his great surprise, the experiment has turned out a success. A. In B. To C. With D. At 16. The girl_ dark hair and bright eyes is LiLi. A. with B. in C. on D. by 17. You can cook a fish_ many ways. A. in B. by C. with D. for 18. Fangfang, here is a
42、 letter _ you. Its _ your brother. A. from/ to B. for/ to C. for/from D. for/for 3、通过活动，使学生养成博览群书的好习惯。 B比率分析法和比较分析法不能测算出各因素的影响程度。 C采用约当产量比例法，分配原材料费用与分配加工费用所用的完工率都是一致的。 C 采用直接分配法分配辅助生产费用时，应考虑各辅助生产车间之间相互提供产品或劳务的情况。错 C产品的实际生产成本包括废品损失和停工损失。 第 9 页 共 9 页 C成本报表是对外报告的会计报表。 C成本分析的首要程序是发现问题、分析原因。 C成本会计的对象是指成本
43、核算。 C成本计算的辅助方法一般应与基本方法结合使用而不单独使用。 C成本计算方法中的最基本的方法是分步法。X D当车间生产多种产品时，“废品损失” 、 “停工损失”的借方余额，月末均直接记入该产品的产品成本 中。 D定额法是为了简化成本计算而采用的一种成本计算方法。 F“废品损失”账户月末没有余额。 F 废品损失是指在生产过程中发现和入库后发现的不可修复废品的生产成本和可修复废品的修复费用。 F 分步法的一个重要特点是各步骤之间要进行成本结转。() G 各月末在产品数量变化不大的产品，可不计算月末在产品成本。错 G工资费用就是成本项目。() G归集在基本生产车间的制造费用最后均应分配计入产品
44、成本中。对 J 计算计时工资费用，应以考勤记录中的工作时间记录为依据。( ) J 简化的分批法就是不计算在产品成本的分批法。( ) J简化分批法是不分批计算在产品成本的方法。对 J加班加点工资既可能是直接计人费用，又可能是间接计人费用。 J接生产工艺过程的特点，工业企业的生产可分为大量生产、成批生产和单件生产三种，X K可修复废品是指技术上可以修复使用的废品。错 K可修复废品是指经过修理可以使用，而不管修复费用在经济上是否合算的废品。 P品种法只适用于大量大批的单步骤生产的企业。 Q企业的制造费用一定要通过“制造费用”科目核算。 Q企业职工的医药费、医务部门、职工浴室等部门职工的工资，均应通过
45、“应付工资”科目核算。 S生产车间耗用的材料，全部计入“直接材料”成本项目。 S适应生产特点和管理要求，采用适当的成本计算方法，是成本核算的基础工作。() W完工产品费用等于月初在产品费用加本月生产费用减月末在产品费用。对 Y“预提费用”可能出现借方余额，其性质属于资产，实际上是待摊费用。对 Y引起资产和负债同时减少的支出是费用性支出。X Y以应付票据去偿付购买材料的费用，是成本性支出。X Y原材料分工序一次投入与原材料在每道工序陆续投入，其完工率的计算方法是完全一致的。 Y运用连环替代法进行分析，即使随意改变各构成因素的替换顺序，各因素的影响结果加总后仍等于指标的总差异，因此更换各因索替 换顺序，不会影响分析的结果。( ) Z在产品品种规格繁多的情况下，应该采用分类法计算产品成本。对 Z 直接生产费用就是直接计人费用。X Z 逐步结转分步法也称为计列半成品分步法。 A按年度计划分配率分配制造费用，“制造费用”账户月末( 可能有月末余额/ 可能有借方余额/ 可能有贷方余额/ 可能无月末余额)。 A按年度计划分配率分配制造费用的方法适用于(季节性生产企业)