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1、动词不定式 (the infinitive)用法梳理（ 1 ） 定义：动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。 结构： “to + 动词原形”，即 “to do ”, 其中 to 不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，动词不定式没 有人称和数的变化。否定形式为 ：not / never + to do 句法功能： 一、 用作主语 1 多数情况用it 作形式主语， 把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。 E.g. To learn English wellis not easy. = Its not easy to learn English well.
2、1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems. 2. The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. 2 动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 To see is to believe.( 眼见为实；百闻不如一见) 【翻译】成为一个老师是我的梦想。. 3 疑问词 +不定式短语 作主语可置于句首。 How to learn English well is important. 补充：用it 作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后
3、，常用于下列句式中。如： It be名词 to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the work? It be形容词 for sbto do 逻辑主语 It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour. It be形容词 of sb to do “It is stupid of you to writ
4、e down everything” ， the teacher says. 注意： 在中 ，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等；在中 ， 常用 careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词，强 调对人的评价。 在不定式前的sb.，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb. is形容词 to do 句式， 如： Its kind of yo
5、u to help me with my English. = You are kind to help me with my English. It seems(appears)形容词 to do It seemed impossible to save money. 【练习】 1. Its very nice of them (send) me the flowers. 2. (become) a teacher is my dream. 3. It s very important to learn English well.(同义句转换 ) English well very impo
6、rtant. 4. Its our duty _ the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans 5. Its hard for us _ English well. A. Learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning 6.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。 It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover. 7. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.
7、 A. for ， of B. of ， for C. to， for D. of ， to 二、 用作宾语 1.可以接带to 的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：在 want， like ， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember 等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。 【练习 1：在课文中找出后接不定式做宾语的词并归纳】 单词不定式及其否定形式单词不定式及其否定形式 1 9 2 10 3 11 4 12 5 13 6 14 7 15 8 16 【练习 2】 1. They
8、 want _(save) time by using shorter words and phrases. 2. It s time for class. Please stop _(talk). 3. I d like _(go) to the Temple of Heaven. 4. We decided _ at the end of this month. A. travel B. not start out C. to leave D. going 5. The teacher told us _in bed. A. Don t read B. read not C. to not
9、 read D. not to read 2.动词 feel, find, make, think 等后面，可以用it 作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式， 句子结构是.feel / find / make / . it + adj. / n. + to do .。如： I find it difficult (remember)everything. I find it a good way (提高 )my English. 及物动词 +不定式一般形式： 谓语动词 (vt.) +不定式 (作宾语 ) 说明 want(想) / try( 试图 ) / decide(决定 ) / would l
10、ike( 想要 ) / hope(希望 ) / love(喜爱 ) / learn(学 会) / agree(同意 ) / fail( 失败、未能 ) / wish( 希望 ) + to (do) (无) help(帮助 ) to 可以省略 begin(开始 )/ start(开始 )/hate(憎恨 ) 也可跟动名词,意义变化不大 forget(忘记 ) / remember(记得 )/ like( 总爱 ) 也可跟动名词,意义变化较大 及物动词 +疑问词 +不定式： 谓语动词 (vt.) +wh- 疑问词 +不定式(作宾语 ) 说明 tell ( 告诉 ) / show ( 显示 ) /
11、know ( 知道 ) / ask (问) / find out (发现 ) / understand (明白 ) / learn(学会 ) / forget( 忘记 ) / remember(记得 ) / teach sb.(教某人 ) what where + how + to (do) who which 不 定 式疑 问 形 式 还可 以 作 句 子的 主 语、表语等。 注意：后跟不带 to 的动词做宾语补足语的词，see sb. do sth. / watch sb. do sth. / make sb. do sth. /have sb. do sth. / let sb. do
12、sth. 【巩固练习】 1. Let him _ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk. A. has B. have C. to have D. having 2. _the computer is a problem. A. How to use B. What to use C. Where to use D. Which to use 3. The teacher told us _in bed. A. dont read B. read not C. to not read D. not to read 4. The
13、 TV set is too loud. Will you please _? A. turn down it B. turn it down C. to turn it down D. to turn down it 5. Its cold outside. You had better _ your coat. A. to put on B. putting on C. puts on D. put on 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。 1. It took half an hour _(get) to the World Park from Kitty s school. 2. It w
14、as interesting _(see) so many places of interest from all over the world. 3. They want _(save) time by using shorter words and phrases. 4. Kitty s classmate Daniel taught himself how _(make) a home page. 5. He put his photos on it for everyone _(look) at. 6. Help him _(put) the photos in the correct order. 7. He made the girl _(cry) yesterday. 归 纳 及 注 意