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1、ache d)andon-timecontrolproblems;severitygreaterrisk,accordingtot herequiredtroubleshooting,registrationform,andsignedbythoseresponsibleforthese curityoftheunitforthefirstafterescalation.Thirdarticleopenminemanageroncoalmineproductionjobdistrictwithinofse curityhidd entroubleshooting,andgovernancea
2、ndreportfullisresponsiblefor;se curityDeputyManagertieManagerwork,theparagraphconstructionteamheadandthebusine ssdepartmentheadMember,andrunmaintenancepersonnel,areshouldaccor dingtot heirofdutiesrange,onproductionequipment,andfacilities,andsiteenvironment,aspectsofsecurityhiddenforcheckandreport,an
3、dbyhi ddenrectifi cationprogrammeforhiddengover nance.Fourthopen-pitminesafetysectionisresponsibleforthesupervisionandinspectioni ntheproductionareatroubleshooting,managementandreporting ofcomprehensivew ork.Articlescopeandfocusoftheinspectionpersonnelatvariouslevels:1,operatingpersonnelbeforetaking
4、overandshiftbeforethejurisdi ctionareatocondu ctacomprehensiveinspectionofequipment,runningthesquadl ea erondutyduringmajore qui pmentoverhaul,beforeandaftertheshifttode signatedstafftounderstandtheoperationofequipmentinthee qui pmentandcheckonfocus.2,equi pmentrepairequipmenttoselectmaintenancechec
5、katleasttwiceaweektokeyequi pmentanddefectivedevicestoincrea sethefrequencyofinspection.Teamleaderde dicatedtothedeviceeverydayoperationofalldeviceswithinthescopeofmaintenancepersonnelundersta ndthemaintenanceandinspectionofkeyequipment.Paragraph3,theow nerandprofessionalandtechnicalpersonnelshoul d
6、becarriedoutdailyafterworksitevisitinspection.Evening.Controlroom:focusedoncoalseamspontaneouscombustionundertroubleshooting,help,landslide,coalfire,earth-movi ng,roadcarwallsitesafetysupervision,andconscientiouslyimplementtheminerectificationmeasures.Productiontechnologysection:isre sponsiblefortro
7、ubleshootingwhetherexistsSupercapacity,andSuper 平面构成的基本形式重复构成（一） 2009年 10 月 18 日 星期日 10:21 平面构成是使形象有组织、有秩序的进行排列、组合、分解，因此它必须遵循一种原则和 设计形式。平面构成的形式是我们学习的主要内容，今天我们先来学习第一种形式：重复构成。 一、重复的概念 重复是指相同或近似的形态和骨骼连续地、有规律地、有秩序地反复出现。重复构成 的形式就是把视觉形象秩序化、整齐化，在图形中可以呈现出和谐统一的视觉效果。 重复构成这种形式来源于生活中的重复现象。比如：纺织的布料，室内装修的壁纸、 地砖，建
8、筑中的窗户等等。现代商业广告有很多也都是以重复为手段，比如在电视中反复的播 出同一个广告，或者在写字楼内不断出现的楼宇广告，以及在公交车站台，重复出现的广告宣 传画等等，这些都是以重复为手段来实现非常好的广告效应。 重复的结构和重复的排列由一个共同的特点，就是它们都由两个以上相同元素连续排 列成为一个整体。从而使人感到井然有序。我们选用重复的构成形式，就是要把视觉形象秩序 化、整齐化，使设计的画面呈现出统一的、有节奏感的效果。同时，采用重复的构成形式使形 象反复出现，这样还有一个作用就是加强对象的视觉记忆。 二、重复构成的形式 重复的平面构成可以分成四种形式：基本形重复构成、骨骼重复构成、重复
9、骨骼与重 复基本形的关系、群化构成。下面逐一了解一下。 （一）基本形重复构成 在设计中连续不段的使用同一元素，成为重复基本形。重复基本形可以使设计产生绝 对和谐统一的感觉。大的基本形重复，可以产生整体构成的力度；细小密集的基本形重复会产 生形态机理的效果。 单体基本形重复：一个形体反复排列。 ache d)andon-timecontrolproblems;severitygreaterrisk,accordingtot herequiredtroubleshooting,registrationform,andsignedbythoseresponsibleforthese curityof
10、theunitforthefirstafterescalation.Thirdarticleopenminemanageroncoalmineproductionjobdistrictwithinofse curityhidd entroubleshooting,andgovernancea ndreportfullisresponsiblefor;se curityDeputyManagertieManagerwork,theparagraphconstructionteamheadandthebusine ssdepartmentheadMember,andrunmaintenancepe
11、rsonnel,areshouldaccor dingtot heirofdutiesrange,onproductionequipment,andfacilities,andsiteenvironment,aspectsofsecurityhiddenforcheckandreport,andbyhi ddenrectifi cationprogrammeforhiddengover nance.Fourthopen-pitminesafetysectionisresponsibleforthesupervisionandinspectioni ntheproductionareatroub
12、leshooting,managementandreporting ofcomprehensivew ork.Articlescopeandfocusoftheinspectionpersonnelatvariouslevels:1,operatingpersonnelbeforetakingoverandshiftbeforethejurisdi ctionareatocondu ctacomprehensiveinspectionofequipment,runningthesquadl ea erondutyduringmajore qui pmentoverhaul,beforeanda
13、ftertheshifttode signatedstafftounderstandtheoperationofequipmentinthee qui pmentandcheckonfocus.2,equi pmentrepairequipmenttoselectmaintenancecheckatleasttwiceaweektokeyequi pmentanddefectivedevicestoincrea sethefrequencyofinspection.eamleaderde dicatedtothedeviceeverydayoperationofalldeviceswithin
14、thescopeofmaintenancepersonnelundersta ndthemaintenanceandinspectionofkeyequipment.Paragraph3,theow nerandprofessionalandtechnicalpersonnelshoul dbecarriedoutdailyafterworksitevisitinspection.Evening.Controlroom:focusedoncoalseamspontaneouscombustionundertroubleshooting,help,landslide,coalfire,earth
15、-movi ng,roadcarwallsitesafetysupervision,andconscientiouslyimplementtheminerectificationmeasures.Productiontechnologysection:isresponsiblefortroubleshootingwhetherexistsSupercapacity,andSuper 单元基本形的重复：两个或者两个以上形体一组反复排列。 （二）骨骼重复构成 骨骼重复构成中的骨骼就是构成图形的框架、骨架，使图形有秩序的排列，在有规律 的骨骼中，重复骨骼是基本的骨骼形式。规律性骨骼有两个重要元素：水
16、平线和垂直线（还可 以根据画面的需求变化）。若将骨骼线在方向、宽窄、线质上加以变化，就可以得到不同的骨 骼排列形式。 骨骼也可以分为有规律性骨骼和非规律性骨骼两种。规律性骨骼是按数学方式进行有 秩序的排列，像重复、渐变、近似、发射等构成方法都属于规律性骨骼；非规律性骨骼是比较 自由的构成形式，像对比、变异、密集等都属于非规律性骨骼。 在规律性骨骼中可以分为作用性骨骼和无作用性骨骼两种。作用性骨骼，每个单元的 基本形必须控制在骨骼线内，在固定的空间中，按整体形象的需要来安排基本形。无作用性骨 骼是将基本形单位安排在骨骼线的交叉点上，骨骼线的交点就是基本形之间的中心距离，当形 象构成完成后即可将骨
17、骼线去掉。 平面构成的基本形式重复构成（二） 2009年 10 月 18 日 星期日 10:22 ache d)andon-timecontrolproblems;severitygreaterrisk,accordingtot herequiredtroubleshooting,registrationform,andsignedbythoseresponsibleforthese curityoftheunitforthefirstafterescalation.Thirdarticleope nminemanageroncoalmineproductionjobdistrictwithi
18、nofse curityhiddentroubleshooting,andgovernanceandreportfullisresponsiblefor;se curityDeputyManagertieManagerwork,theparagraphconstructionteamheadandthebusine ssdepartmentheadMember,andrunmaintenancepersonnel,areshouldaccor dingtot heirofdutiesrange,onproductionequipment,andfacilities,andsiteenviron
19、ment,aspectsofsecurityhiddenforcheckandreport,andbyhi ddenrectifi cationprogrammeforhiddengover nance.Fourthopen-pitminesafetysectionisresponsibleforthesupervisionandinspectioni ntheproductionareatroubleshooting,managementandreporting ofcomprehensivew ork.Articlescopeandfocusoftheinspectionpersonnel
20、atvariouslevels:1,operatingpersonnelbeforetakingoverandshiftbeforethejurisdi ctionareatocondu ctacomprehensiveinspectionofequipment,runningthesquadl ea erondutyduringmajore qui pmentoverhaul,beforeandaftertheshifttode signatedstafftounderstandtheoperationofequipmentinthee qui pmentandcheckonfocus.2,
21、equi pmentrepairequipmenttoselectmaintenancecheckatleasttwiceaweektokeyequi pmentanddefectivedevicestoincrea sethefrequencyofinspection.eamleaderde dicatedtothedeviceeverydayoperationofalldeviceswithinthescopeofmaintenancepersonnelundersta ndthemaintenanceandinspectionofkeyequipment.Paragraph3,theow
22、 nerandprofessionalandtechnicalpersonnelshoul dbecarriedoutdailyafterworksitevisitinspection.Evening.Controlroom:focusedoncoalseamspontaneouscombustionundertroubleshooting,help,landslide,coalfire,earth-movi ng,roadcarwallsitesafetysupervision,andconscientiouslyimplementtheminerectificationmeasures.P
23、roductiontechnologysection:isresponsiblefortroubleshootingwhetherexistsSupercapacity,andSuper 重复的平面构成可以分成四种形式：基本形重复构成、骨骼重复构成、重复骨骼与重复基 本形的关系、群化构成。之前学习了基本形重复构成和骨骼重复构成，今天学习剩下的两种： 重复骨骼与重复基本形的关系和群化构成。 （三）重复骨骼与重复基本形的关系 重复基本形纳入重复骨骼内，用这种表现形式构成的图形具有很强的秩序感和统一 感。它的特点是骨骼线的距离相等，给基本形在方向和位置方面的交换提供了条件，可以进行 多方面的变化。根
24、绝形象的需要，可以安排正负形的交替使用，也可以在方向上加以变化。重 复骨骼构成所具有的特点是基本形的连续排列，这种排列构成要力求整体形的完美，力求形象 之间的重复和有秩序的穿插关系。 当基本形和骨骼单位都确立之后，我们可以采用多种方法进行设计，不可机械无变化 的对待基本形的重复。 另外，基本形的重复构成在形式上还分为绝对重复和相对重复两种类型。 绝对重复是指基本形始终不变的反复使用。 相对重复则是指基本形的方向、大小、位置等发生了变化。即：在基本形的格线内运 用点、线、面进行分割、重复、联合等不同的组合方法来构成。 ache d)andon-timecontrolproblems;severi
25、tygreaterrisk,accordingtot herequiredtroubleshooting,registrationform,andsignedbythoseresponsibleforthese curityoftheunitforthefirstafterescalation.Thirdarticleopenminemanageroncoalmineproductionjobdistrictwithinofse curityhidd entroubleshooting,andgovernancea ndreportfullisresponsiblefor;se curityD
26、eputyManagertieManagerwork,theparagraphconstructionteamheadandthebusine ssdepartmentheadMember,andrunmaintenancepersonnel,areshouldaccor dingtot heirofdutiesrange,onproductionequipment,andfacilities,andsiteenvironment,aspectsofsecurityhiddenforcheckandreport,andbyhi ddenrectifi cationprogrammeforhid
27、dengover nance.Fourthopen-pitminesafetysectionisresponsibleforthesupervisionandinspectioni ntheproductionareatroubleshooting,managementandreporting ofcomprehensivew ork.Articlescopeandfocusoftheinspectionpersonnelatvariouslevels:1,operatingpersonnelbeforetakingoverandshiftbeforethejurisdi ctionareat
28、ocondu ctacomprehensiveinspectionofequipment,runningthesquadl ea erondutyduringmajore qui pmentoverhaul,beforeandaftertheshifttode signatedstafftounderstandtheoperationofequipmentinthee qui pmentandcheckonfocus.2,equi pmentrepairequipmenttoselectmaintenancecheckatleasttwiceaweektokeyequi pmentanddef
29、ectivedevicestoincrea sethefrequencyofinspection.eamleaderde dicatedtothedeviceeverydayoperationofalldeviceswithinthescopeofmaintenancepersonnelundersta ndthemaintenanceandinspectionofkeyequipment.Paragraph3,theow nerandprofessionalandtechnicalpersonnelshoul dbecarriedoutdailyafterworksitevisitinspe
30、ction.Evening.Controlroom:focusedoncoalseamspontaneouscombustionundertroubleshooting,help,landslide,coalfire,earth-movi ng,roadcarwallsitesafetysupervision,andconscientiouslyimplementtheminerectificationmeasures.Productiontechnologysection:isresponsiblefortroubleshootingwhetherexistsSupercapacity,an
31、dSuper （四）群化构成 裙化是基本形重复构成的一种特殊表现形式，它不像一般重复构成那样四面连续发 展，而具有独立存在的意义。因此，它可作为标志、标识、符号等设计的一种设计手段。在现 代社会中，许多商品的商标、活动指示标识以及公共场所的一些标志多是以符号形式来表达的。 它们有的采用具象图形来表现，有的采用抽象图形来表现。 平面设计中基本形的群化构成，正显示出它设计精炼、有力，具有符号性的特点。因 此，掌握群化构成的方法和设计规律是非常实用的，也是非常重要的。 群化构成的基本要领有如下几点： 1.群化构成要求简练、醒目，设计基本形的时候数量不宜太多、太复杂。基本形的裙化构 成要紧凑、严密，相
32、互之间可以交错、重叠和透叠； ache d)andon-timecontrolproblems;severitygreaterrisk,accordingtot herequiredtroubleshooting,registrationform,andsignedbythoseresponsibleforthese curityoftheunitforthefirstafterescalation.Thirdarticleope nminemanageroncoalmineproductionjobdistrictwithinofse curityhiddentroubleshooting,
33、andgovernanceandreportfullisresponsiblefor;se curityDeputyManagertieManagerwork,theparagraphconstructionteamheadandthebusine ssdepartmentheadMember,andrunmaintenancepersonnel,areshouldaccor dingtot heirofdutiesrange,onproductionequipment,andfacilities,andsiteenvironment,aspectsofsecurityhiddenforche
34、ckandreport,andbyhi ddenrectifi cationprogrammeforhiddengover nance.Fourthopen-pitminesafetysectionisresponsibleforthesupervisionandinspectioni ntheproductionareatroubleshooting,managementandreporting ofcomprehensivew ork.Articlescopeandfocusoftheinspectionpersonnelatvariouslevels:1,operatingpersonn
35、elbeforetakingoverandshiftbeforethejurisdi ctionareatocondu ctacomprehensiveinspectionofequipment,runningthesquadl ea erondutyduringmajore qui pmentoverhaul,beforeandaftertheshifttode signatedstafftounderstandtheoperationofequipmentinthee qui pmentandcheckonfocus.2,equi pmentrepairequipmenttoselectm
36、aintenancecheckatleasttwiceaweektokeyequi pmentanddefectivedevicestoincrea sethefrequencyofinspection.eamleaderde dicatedtothedeviceeverydayoperationofalldeviceswithinthescopeofmaintenancepersonnelundersta ndthemaintenanceandinspectionofkeyequipment.Paragraph3,theow nerandprofessionalandtechnicalper
37、sonnelshoul dbecarriedoutdailyafterworksitevisitinspection.Evening.Controlroom:focusedoncoalseamspontaneouscombustionundertroubleshooting,help,landslide,coalfire,earth-movi ng,roadcarwallsitesafetysupervision,andconscientiouslyimplementtheminerectificationmeasures.Productiontechnologysection:isrespo
38、nsiblefortroubleshootingwhetherexistsSupercapacity,andSuper 2.注重构图中的平衡和稳定； 3.基本形要简练、概括，避免琐碎； 4. 群画图形的构成要完美、美观，应注重外形的整体效果。 群化构成的基本构成形式： 1. 基本形的平行对称排列； 2.基本形的对称或旋转放射排列； 3.多方向的自由排列。 有两个以上相同的基本形集中排列在一起并互相发生联系的时候，才可构成群化；基 本形的特征必须具有共同元素才能产生同一性而形成群化；基本形排列必须有规律性和一致性， 才能使图形产生连续性和构成群化。 ache d)andon-timecontro
39、lproblems;severitygreaterrisk,accordingtot herequiredtroubleshooting,registrationform,andsignedbythoseresponsibleforthese curityoftheunitforthefirstafterescalation.Thirdarticleopenminemanageroncoalmineproductionjobdistrictwithinofse curityhidd entroubleshooting,andgovernancea ndreportfullisresponsib
40、lefor;se curityDeputyManagertieManagerwork,theparagraphconstructionteamheadandthebusine ssdepartmentheadMember,andrunmaintenancepersonnel,areshouldaccor dingtot heirofdutiesrange,onproductionequipment,andfacilities,andsiteenvironment,aspectsofsecurityhiddenforcheckandreport,andbyhi ddenrectifi catio
41、nprogrammeforhiddengover nance.Fourthopen-pitminesafetysectionisresponsibleforthesupervisionandinspectioni ntheproductionareatroubleshooting,managementandreporting ofcomprehensivew ork.Articlescopeandfocusoftheinspectionpersonnelatvariouslevels:1,operatingpersonnelbeforetakingoverandshiftbeforetheju
42、risdi ctionareatocondu ctacomprehensiveinspectionofequipment,runningthesquadl ea erondutyduringmajore qui pmentoverhaul,beforeandaftertheshifttode signatedstafftounderstandtheoperationofequipmentinthee qui pmentandcheckonfocus.2,equi pmentrepairequipmenttoselectmaintenancecheckatleasttwiceaweektokey
43、equi pmentanddefectivedevicestoincrea sethefrequencyofinspection.eamleaderde dicatedtothedeviceeverydayoperationofalldeviceswithinthescopeofmaintenancepersonnelundersta ndthemaintenanceandinspectionofkeyequipment.Paragraph3,theow nerandprofessionalandtechnicalpersonnelshoul dbecarriedoutdailyafterwo
44、rksitevisitinspection.Evening.Controlroom:focusedoncoalseamspontaneouscombustionundertroubleshooting,help,landslide,coalfire,earth-movi ng,roadcarwallsitesafetysupervision,andconscientiouslyimplementtheminerectificationmeasures.Productiontechnologysection:isresponsiblefortroubleshootingwhetherexists
45、Supercapacity,andSuper 到这里，重复构成的讲解就基本结束了。下面一起来欣赏一些重复构成的作品实例： ache d)andon-timecontrolproblems;severitygreaterrisk,accordingtot herequiredtroubleshooting,registrationform,andsignedbythoseresponsibleforthese curityoftheunitforthefirstafterescalation.Thirdarticleope nminemanageroncoalmineproductionjobd
46、istrictwithinofse curityhiddentroubleshooting,andgovernanceandreportfullisresponsiblefor;se curityDeputyManagertieManagerwork,theparagraphconstructionteamheadandthebusine ssdepartmentheadMember,andrunmaintenancepersonnel,areshouldaccor dingtot heirofdutiesrange,onproductionequipment,andfacilities,an
47、dsiteenvironment,aspectsofsecurityhiddenforcheckandreport,andbyhi ddenrectifi cationprogrammeforhiddengover nance.Fourthopen-pitminesafetysectionisresponsibleforthesupervisionandinspectioni ntheproductionareatroubleshooting,managementandreporting ofcomprehensivew ork.Articlescopeandfocusoftheinspect
48、ionpersonnelatvariouslevels:1,operatingpersonnelbeforetakingoverandshiftbeforethejurisdi ctionareatocondu ctacomprehensiveinspectionofequipment,runningthesquadl ea erondutyduringmajore qui pmentoverhaul,beforeandaftertheshifttode signatedstafftounderstandtheoperationofequipmentinthee qui pmentandche
49、ckonfocus.2,equi pmentrepairequipmenttoselectmaintenancecheckatleasttwiceaweektokeyequi pmentanddefectivedevicestoincrea sethefrequencyofinspection.eamleaderde dicatedtothedeviceeverydayoperationofalldeviceswithinthescopeofmaintenancepersonnelundersta ndthemaintenanceandinspectionofkeyequipment.Paragraph3,theow nerandprofessionalandtechnicalpersonnelshoul dbecarriedoutdailyafterworksitevisitinspection.Evening.Controlroom:focusedoncoalseamspontaneouscombustionundertroubleshooting,help,landslide,coalfire,earth-movi ng,roadcarwallsitesafetysupervision,andconscientiouslyimplementtheminerectifi