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1、一、名词（ 名词分可数名词和不可数名词） 可数名词： 1）单数 （表示一个人或事物） ； 一般在前面加a； 以元音 开头的单词前用an：（元音字母 有Aa，Ee，Ii，Oo，Uu）an apple an English book 特殊记： an hour a university student 2）复数 （表示多于一个的人或数）。 名词复数形式的构成 形式变化规则例词 一般情况+s books, cups, cats dogs, birds, arms days, players 以-s,-sh, -ch, -x 结尾+es buses, boxes, watches 大多数以 -o 结尾的
2、名词+es tomatoes, potatoes 少多数以 -o 结尾的名词+s pianos, photos, zoos 以辅音字母加y 结尾把 y 改成 i 再加 es cities, libraries 以 f 和 fe 结尾的大多数名词把 f 或 fe 改成 v 再加 es knives, leaves 不规则名词的复数 1. man-men, woman-women ,policeman-policewomen ，tooth-teeth, foot-feet, child-children 2. 有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样：sheep, deer, fish, people
3、不可数名词 (没有复数，前面不加a/an)： 如，hair，rice，bread ，milk, water, tea, money, medicine, beef 名词所有格的形式： 单数人称名词末尾加smothers Mike s 以-s 结尾的复数人称名词末尾加girlsstudents 不以 -s 结尾的复数人称名词末尾加s children s mens 二、人称代词 人称代词物主代词 单数复数单数复数 主格宾格主格宾格形容词性名词性形容词性名词性 第一人称I me we us my mine our ours 第二人称 you you you you your yours your
4、yours 第三人称 he him they them his his their theirs she her her hers it it its its 三、动词 动词主要表示动作，小学的动词主要有：实义动词、be 动词、情态动词can 等。 注意： be 动词的用法：I 跟 am，you/we/they 跟 are，is连着 he/she/it,单数 is，复数都用are。 动词的基本形式 原形第三人称单数过去式现在分词 learn learns learned learning study studies studied studying do does did doing go g
5、oes went going run runs ran running swim swims swam swimming have has had having 三人称单数现在式 情况变化规则例词 一般情况+s works, learns, says 结尾为 s,x,sh,ch,o+es passes, washes, teaches, goes， watches 结尾为辅音字母+y变 y 为 i+es studies, flies 动词的过去式 加 ed以 e 结尾，加 ed 以辅音字母加y 结 尾，先变y 为 i 再 加 ed 以重 读闭音节 结尾 而末尾只 有一 个辅音字 母的动词 特殊
6、 looked washed passed liked lived studied stopped, planned make-made sing-sang fly-flew win-won buy-bought take-took eat-ate see-saw get-got am/is-was are-were leave-left 现在分词 情况变化规则例词 一般情况 +ingdoing, asking 以不发音的e结尾的动词 去 e加 ing having, taking, writing, living 以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只 有一个辅音字母的动词 双写最后一个辅音字 母，再加i
7、ng getting, setting, putting, sitting，planning 动词的时态 动词时态是表示时间和表示方式的一种动词形式。 小学阶段所学的时态有： 1.一般现在时：work/works 2. 现在进行时：am/is/are working 3. 一般过去时：worked 4. 一般将来时 ：am/is/are going to work 1.一般现在时 通常表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或目前的状态(结构 ：动词用原形或三人称单数)。 常与时间副词连用：sometimes, always, often, usually, every（day，weekend，month
8、，year）, on Sundays, on the weekend 等。 基本结构 肯定句否定句一般疑问句 I work. We work. I dont work. We dont work. Do I work? Do we work? You work. You dont work.Do you work? They work. They dont work.Do they work? She He works. It She He doesnt work. It she Does he work? it 特殊疑问句：What do you usually do? 2.现在进行时 通常
9、表示说话时或现阶段正在发生或进行着的动作(结构 ：am/is/are+动词 ing )。 常见的与现在进行时有关的词有：now, look, listen 等。 基本结构 肯定句否定句一般疑问句 I am working. We are working. I m not working. We re not working. Am I working? Are we working? You are working. You arent working. Are you working? They are working. They aren t working.Are they workin
10、g? She He is working. It She He isn t working. It she Ishe working? it 特殊疑问句： What are you doing now? 3.一般过去时 通常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。(结构 ： 动词用过去式)。 常与表示过去的时间状语连用：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last （day，weekend，month，year， night, Sunday）in 1998 等。 基本结构 肯定句否定句一般疑问句 I worked. We worked. I didnt
11、work. We didn t work. Did I work? Did we work? You worked. You didn t work.Did you work? They worked. They didn t work.Did they work? She He worked. It She He didn t work. It she Did he work? it 特殊疑问句： What did you do yesterday? 4.一般将来时(结构 ：am/is/are + going to +动词原形或者 will + 动词原形 ) 表示将来发生的动作或情况。 常与
12、一些表示将来的时间状语连用：tomorrow, next （weekend，month，year） ,the day after tomorrow Be going to do 表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事；也可以表示“ 预见 ” ，即现在已有迹象表明将要发 生或即将发生某种情况。 基本结构 肯定句否定句一般疑问句 Im going to work. We re going to work. I m not going to work. We arent going to work. Am I going to work? Are we going to work? Youre goi
13、ng to work.You arent going to work. Are you going to work? Theyre going to work. They aren t going to work.Are they going to work? She He is going to work. It She He isn t going to work. It she Is he going to work? it Youre going to work.You arent going to work. Are you going to work? 特殊疑问句： What ar
14、e you going to do tomorrow?/what will you do next week? 情态动词can 的用法： 基本结构 肯定句否定句一般疑问句 I can swim. We can swim. I can t swim. We can t swim. Can I swim? Can we swim? You can swim. You can t swim. Can you swim? They can swim. They can t swim. Can they swim? She He can swim. It She He can t swim. It sh
15、e Canhe swim? it 特殊疑问句： What can you do? 四、数词 1.表示 数目 的词称为基数词 112 的基数词： one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve 1319 的基数词： thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen 2090 的基数词： twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety 212
16、9 的基数： twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine thirty-nine, forty-eight, fifty- seven. 百位数： one hundred , two hundred, three hundred, four hundred five hundred and eight-six, six hundred and ninety-nine, seven hundred and ei
17、ght, eight hundred and one 千位数： one thousand, four thousand, seven thousand one hundred and five 2 表示 数目顺序 的词称为序数词 1.英语序数词第1-19 除了 first, second与 third 有特殊形式外，其余的都由基数词加后缀-th 构成。 注意： fifth, eighth, ninth 和 twelfth 的拼法特殊。 2. 十位数的序数词的构成方法是：先把十位数的基数词的词尾ty 中的 y 变为 i，然后加后缀-eth,如： twenty twentieth, forty f
18、ortieth 五、介词 方位介词 in, on, at, under, to, over, behind, beside, near, before, in front of, next to, between 时间介词 in, on, at, after（.之后） , before, fromto, past, between（.之间） 其它 of, by（.交通方式） , with（和） , into, out off, for, about（关于） , in+月份/季节/年份如： in May， in spring，in 2013，in the morning/afternoon/ev
19、ening in+地点如： in the park in Shanghai on+星期/日期等具体时间如：on Monday in October 22 nd at+具体时刻或地点如： at 9:00 at home 六、形容词和副词 形容词和副词的比较级 情况比较级最高级 一般情况 +er, 如：taller, longer +est, 如：tallest, longest 以 e结尾 +r, 如： larger +st, 如： largest 以重读闭音节结尾的词 双写最后一个字母再+er, 如: bigger, fatter，hotter，thinner 双写最后一个字母，再 +est，
20、 如： biggest, fattest ,hottest， thinnest 以辅音字母加y结尾的词 把 y 改为 i 再+er, 如：busier, earlier，happier，funnier 把 y 改为 i 再+est, 如： busiest, earliest,happiest,funniest 不规则的词：good/well many/much far better more farther best most farthest 比较级的用法 如：Helen is taller than Lucy. He is thinner than me. My hands are big
21、ger than yours. Jim is as tall as his father.( Jim和他爸爸一样高。 ) Litter Water Drop goes higher and higher.( 小水滴越飞越高。 ) The higher the mountain is, the thinner the air is. （山越高，空气就越稀薄） 最高级的用法： Which do you like best, basketball, volleyball, or football? 篮球，排球，足球，你最喜欢哪一种？ Who is oldest of the three boys?
22、( 三个男孩，谁最老？ ) 七 There be 的结构 There be表示 “ 某处有某物 ”, 肯定句：There is/was a There are/were 一般疑问句 : Is/Was there ? Yes, there is/was. No, there isnt/was. Are there? Yes, there are/were. No, there arent/weren t. 否定句：Thereisnt/wasnt . There arent/weren t . 1.Some 和 any 一般情况下，some用于肯定句 中， any用于否定句和疑问句 中。如： Th
23、ere is some milk in the bottle. There arent any pictures on the wall. Is there anything new in todays newspaper? 2.Be动词与后面所跟名词的 就近原则 ： There is a pen and two pencils in the box. There are some students and a teacher in the classroom. 3.特殊疑问句： 1) Whats in the basket? There are some eggs in it. 2) How
24、 many students are there in your class? There are fifty students. 八 “ Wh” 的疑问句 1. What 1) What s this/that? 2) What s your name? 3) What are you doing? 4) What do you like? 5) What did you do? 6) What does he/she do? 7) What do you usually do on the weekends? 8) What are you going to do? 9) What col
25、our is it? 10) What s the weather like? 11) What time is it? Whats the time? 12) What day is it today? What s the date? 13) What would you like? 13) What can you see? 14) What subjects do you have this term? 15) What lessons do you have in the morning? How 1) How are you? 2) How old are you? 3) How
26、do we go to the park? 4) How many apples can you see? 5) How much are they? 6) How about? 7) How far is it from here? How long is it? How often do you go to the park ? How heavy are you? How big is it? How tall are you? Who Who is that? Who s that boy in/with? Whose 1)Whose is this bike? 2)Whose bik
27、e is this? 3) Whose bag is bigger, yours or mine? Which 1) Which one? 2) Which is longer, yours or mine? 3) Which season do you like best? Where 1) Where is the book? 2) Where are you from? Why Why? 九电话用语 Can I speak to + 某个人 ？This is/It s +某个人 . Please hold on. There is a call for you. Is that + 某个
28、人（ +speaking）？ 十缩略形式 I am=I m you are=you re he is= he s she is=she s it is=it s we are=we re they are=they re are not=aren t is not=isn t do not=don t does not=doesn t did not=didn t can not=can t there is=there s I will=I ll who is=who s what is=what s where is=where s let us=let s I d like=I woul
29、d like 十一 . What/How about +动词 ing like+动词 ing am/is/are+动词 ing Thank you for +动词 ing Let s+动词原形can +动词原形It s time to+动词原形 to+动词原形It s time for +动词 ing 十二 .书写格式： 什么时候大写：关于月份 /星期/名字的单词首字母大写， 标点符号 : 句末的句号用“ .” （小圆点） 26 个英文字母大小写（手写体） 26个英文字母大小写记忆法 大写字母 ：全部占满上两格 小写字母：（看情况） 头上有辫上两格，下面有尾下两格； 无辫无尾中间格， f 和 j 占三格。