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1、1 存档编号 学士学位论文 Views on Marriage of Jane Austen in Pride and Prejudice 教学学院外国语学院 届别届 专业英语 姓名 学号 指导教师_ 完成日期_ 2 Views on Marriage of Jane Austen in Pride and Prejudice 论傲慢与偏见中简奥斯丁的婚姻观 Abstract: Jane Austen was one of the distinguished realistic novelists in the nineteenth- century in English literature
2、Pride and Prejudice is a world- wide popular novel published in 1813Austen set the story in the first decade of the nineteenth centuryAt that time，marriage was the only way for women to gain social status and recognition. From the description of four different marriages, the novel explore the import
3、ant role that money and love plays in marriage. Austen fully expresses her original views on marriage ：property, social status and love are three indispensable elements in a marriageIt is wrong to marry for money，but it is unwise to marry without money. Austen s views on marriage emphasize love and
4、economic condition, and a happy marriage should be based on mutual love ,mutual understanding .The thesis tries to draw some inspiration from Austen and provide some hints for modern women in their view of marriage 。 Key words: Love; Marriage; Money; social status 摘要：简 奥斯汀是十九世纪英国文学史上最伟大的现实主义小说家之一。她的
5、 傲慢与偏见于 1813年问世，是一部享誉世界的著名小说。小说将故事情节 置于十九世纪初，十九世纪的英国，婚姻是女性获得社会地位和社会认知的唯 一途径。小说通过对四种不同婚姻的描写，探讨金钱与爱情在婚姻中的重要作 用，从而得出作者简 奥斯汀的婚姻观：财产、社会地位和爱情是婚姻中必不可 少的三个因素， 为了金钱而结婚是错误的， 然而缺少金钱的婚姻也是不明智的。 奥斯汀的婚姻观强调爱情和经济条件，认为幸福的婚姻应该建立在相互爱慕和 相互理解上。本文作者意在借用奥斯汀的一些进步观点为现代女性在婚姻观方 面提供一些借鉴 关键词： 爱情； 婚姻； 金钱； 社会地位 3 Contents Abstract
6、.2 Ke ywords 2 Chapter1 Introduction4 1.1 Jane Austen 4 1.2 Background of Pride and Prejudice .4 Chapter2Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice 6 2.1 Collins and Charlottes marriage 6 2.2. Lydia and Wickhams Marriage 7 2.3. Jane and Mr. Bingley s Marriage .7 2.4. Darcy and Elizabeth s Marriage 8 Chap
7、ter3 Views on four Marriages of Jane Austen in Pride and Prejudice11 3.1. Marriage based on true love and mutual understanding 11 3.1.1. Jane and Mr. Bingley s marriage 11 3.1.2. Darcy and Elizabeths marriage 11 3.2. Marriage based on money and social status .12 3.2.1. Collins and Charlottes marriag
8、e.12 3.2.2. Lydia and Wickhams Marriage 13 Chapter4 The practical importance of Jane Austens views.15 4.1. At Jane Austen time15 4.2 .In modern society .16 Chapter5 Conclusion18 4 Chapter1 Introduction 1.1 Jane Austin “ Jane Austen (1775-1817) was born in Hampshire, a country priest family located i
9、n Hants, the village of Kingston, Sidemen in north England. She was a beautiful, talented middle class woman with extraordinary temperament and good cultivation.” Her six novels Sense and Sensibility , Pride and Prejudice , Northanger Abbey , Mansfield, Emma, Persuasion “ all describe more than marr
10、iage ” (Wang, 2005: 64). However, her marriage is in blank within her 42 years lifetime. Going through the best time of the life, she ultimately doesnt meet the right person in her life and finally gives up her love. With these sweet and bitter experiences she writes the great work Pride and Prejudi
11、ce . Jane Austen was mostly tutored at home, and irregularly at school, but she received a broader education than many women of her time. She started to write for family amusement as a child. Her parents were avid readers; Austens own favorite poet was Cowper. Her earliest-known writings date from a
12、bout 1787. Very shy about her writing, she wrote on small pieces of paper that she slipped under the desk plotter if anyone came into the room. In her letters she observed the daily life of her family and friends in an intimate and gossipy manner: “James danced with Alethea, and cut up the turkey la
13、st night with great perseverance. You say nothing of the silk stockings; I flatter myself, therefore, that Charles has not purchased any, as I cannot very well afford to pay for them; all my money is spent in buying white gloves and pink persian.” (Austen in a letter to her sister Cassandra in 1796)
14、 1.2 Background of Pride and Prejudice Pride and Prejudice , the book about commonplace things and ordinary people, is one of Jane Austens famous books, being the representative of realistic literature. In portrays, with special sensitive characteristic of female writers, the life and ideas of middl
15、e class who live in countryside. This novel makes an analysis of human nature and then stick up readers to think over social relations. 5 “At that time , according to the social conditions in Britain, a good marriage for a young woman was critical. This phenomenon was closely associated with the Bri
16、tish society and the status of women in the society. In the 19th century, women were not well respected compared with the ones in the present society. There was no equality between woman and man. Women were considered to be inferior to men in terms of intelligence and capacity. The central life of w
17、omen was forced to be staying at home; their roles were to deal with the family affairs, such as taking care of the children and serving for the husband.” (Zhu Hong 1995:34). People at that time thought that women should be submissive to their husbands. The virtues of women were patience and deferen
18、ce. They must recognize their inherent inferiority to men, so they must restrict their abilities without question. Although the status of women was low, few of them expressed dissatisfaction about their own destiny. At that time, many middle-class young women had three ways out: getting married, sta
19、ying at home as old maids or working as the family female teachers. The income of a family female teacher was very low, and the status was low as well. It was very difficult for them to change or swap out of this status, no one would like to be a maid forever, therefore, for young women, especially
20、those who did not have enough properties, getting married was the only good way for them to gain respect, stability and social status. Austen fully criticized some bad phenomena at that time in her work Pride and Prejudice and took some perfect points about marriage to demonstrate her own view on ma
21、rriage. 6 Chaper2 Four marriages in Pride and Prejudice 2.1 Mr. Collins and Charlottes Marriage In Pride and Prejudice , the first part is the marriage of Charlotte and Collins. Charlotte is William Lucass daughter, who is the neighbor of Lizzy Bennett. She is born in a poor family and very mediocre
22、 in every aspect. So she has not got married even until she is 26 years old. She may be a typical questionable girl. “ However, there are 5 daughters in the Bennett s, the five daughters are gradually growing up to the age for marriage. So both of the two families rival mutually, especially in the e
23、yes of the ordinary women, such rivalry was particularly tedious.”(Huang, 2007: 126)Bennett s wife is especially typical; she does not give birth to a boy but five girls. The familys property couldnt be given to a daughter according to the custom at that time, and the family without a son can grant
24、the wealth to the nephew. So one of Bennett nephewsCollins can inherit the family wealth. Therefore, Mrs. Bennett has great expectations on her nephew. Though the family is not so rich, Collins is the only one who can inherit the whole property. For this reason, Mrs. Bennett feels at ease, and then
25、she has great hope on Collins and likes him. With the help of one of his relatives, Collins becomes a priest. And then he goes to his uncle s home, wanting to be one son-in-law of Bennett. Because he has heard a lot about the situation of the five daughters of his uncles family; he is coming to try
26、his luck here. In his mind, if he could be one son-in-law of his uncle s, then he could get the property of the family. At first, he suggests Mrs. Bennett that the 26-year old Jane has captured his attention. After informed that the eldest daughter Jane has a boyfriend, he thinks that the second dau
27、ghter Elizabeth would be an agreeable alternative. Eventually, Elizabeth refuses him with sharp tongue. But Collins quickly finds comfort from Charlotte who desires to get married and believes that the marriage is the only way for her to gain respect and also is the only ending of a woman. And then
28、they get married as quickly as the lightning. 2.2 Lydia and Wickhams Marriage The second marriage is between Bennetts third daughter Lydia and Wickham, the son of the housekeeper of Mr. Darcy. At first, he is well-treated by the family and the friends. However, he comes down in the world because of
29、his misbehavior. He 7 gets into debt. He is a man without any responsibility. He wants to get married in order to become rich so he can change his social status. In his opinion, love is only recreation. For his purpose, he entices Lydia who is young, innocent and vainglorious. “Lydia, with perfect i
30、ndifference, continued to express her admiration of Caption Carter, and her hope of seeing him in the course of the day, as he was going the next morning to London.” (Austen 1813: 58) Lydia hates to work hard, and is spoilt by her mother, and getting love and praise of a boy is her dream. So Wickham
31、 gets her love easily. “When Wickham wants to reach his aimgetting wealth by love and exalts her beauty hypocritically, she forgets who she is and feels she is the most beautiful and happiest girl in the world.”(Fu, 2002: 43) Their love does not get the permission from the parents, and then they elo
32、pe. As Lydia is young and empty-minded, she never gives love a serious and proper consideration, so when Elizabeth hears the news, she believes that their love is false, Wickham would not marry Lydia, because she is not charming and has nothing to attract him, and he is only fond of the wealth of he
33、r family. Finally, with the help of Darcy, the scandal was covered andWickham agreed to marry withLydia . 2.3 Jane and Mr. Bingleys Marriage The third marriage is of the eldest daughter Jane and Mr. Bingley. Bingley is a friend of Darcy. In the assembly, Jane and Bingley fall in love with each other
34、 at first sightMr. Bingley believed that “ She is the most beautiful creature I ever beheld! ”(Austen,2001:12) After the meeting, Jane expressed to Elizabeth how much she admired him “He is just what a young man ought to be, sensible, good-humored, lively; and I never saw such happy manners! so much
35、 ease, with such perfect good breeding!”(Austen,2001:15) In the following days, their favorable emotions deepened with acquaintances. They agreed in tastes and temperament. Mr. Bingley almost intended to propose to Jane. But a disjunctive change happened. His best friendMr. Darcy thought that this i
36、s the scheme of the Bennet family, and he did not agree Jane had special sensibilities to Mr. Bingley. Mr. Darcy indicated his viewpoint to his friend. His poor friend believed that, and then he left Netherfield, departed from Jane without saying good-bye. Their separation made Jane sink into suffer
37、ing. The root of the separation is Mr. 8 Bingley s lack of definite view, his irresolute and hesitant personality. He did not have enough confidence in himself, he was not sure about whether Jane loved him or not. And Jane was very reserved, although she loved Bingley very much but never expressed h
38、er felling to him, even strived for it actively. This behavior let Darcy misunderstood that she had never like his friend Bingley, and Bingley also doubted Janes affection to him . So the misunderstanding appeared. But fortunately, finally the misunderstanding was cleared up. Mr. Bingley came back f
39、or Jane with Darcys help, and proposed to her. , 2. 4 Darcy and Elizabeths Marriage The fourth marriage is the main theme of the work. That is Darcy and Elizabeths marriage. “ Elizabeth is the ideal image for women. She is Bonnet s second daughter, an active, intelligent and smart girl. She has a mi
40、ddle-class family background and has not been affected by the traditional concept that most girls have. She isn t good at music and painting, but she has read many books which make her knowledgeable and perceptive.”(Fu, 2002: 64) The most important aspect is that she is a lady with dignity and upbri
41、nging. Darcy is a man with high status and good manner. He is handsome, rich and powerful. So he is the ideal husband of most girls. But he has grown up in the surroundings with a strong sense of power, so he is always selfish and arrogant, and he has a critical look at each individual, except the f
42、amily members; he is not concerned about anyone else, and looks down upon anyone else. Therefore, when he first arrives in the village, he finds all the persons are far away from those imagined. Although every girl there is young and lovely, he has no interest in anyone except Elizabeth. At first he
43、 doesnt put an eye on Elizabeth. Gradually, he has to admit that Elizabeth is beautiful, distinct and popular, although he insists that Elizabeth hasnt the same social status as he does. Darcy is rational because he has a strong sense of power, which agrees on the reality at that time. Although he e
44、xpresses his love to Elizabeth, he couldn t help showing his arrogance, which makes Elizabeth have misconception and prejudice on Darcy. Darcy loves Elizabeth, but looks down upon her social status. He considers that he has been lowing himself and doing something against his will, personalities and
45、even moral standard. He thinks that his marriage would certainly succeed and Elizabeth is waiting for him to propose marriage. 9 Therefore, even he is irresistible to the flooding feelings, and condescends to Elizabeth , he still remembers the gap between them. Clearly, the rational aspect of Darcy
46、s personality performs on the realities of society. When he talks about his feelings of love, he also expresses the arrogance of these feelings in details, which results in the arousing resentment of Elizabeth; she rejects his marriage proposal, and angrily accuses his insolence. The rational aspect
47、 of the heroine Elizabeth shows her clear, calm and actually stressful personality. “Compared with her stupid mother, the smooth and lazy father, the shallow-minded, self-willed sister with feather head, Elizabeth is one with ideal mind. She is elegant like her sister Jane, but more intellectually s
48、uperior unlike her sister being easy to be favorable.”（London, 2007: 23）She also advises her sister to see through the stupidity and nonsense of those camouflage honest persons. Elizabeth is unique, because she has a deep understanding of all the things around her. In fact both she and Darcy are extremely sensitive to the social status. Different from Darcy, Elizabeth doesnt have superiority about her family background and status. Instead, she feels deeply ashamed for her sisters being lack of fairly education and her mother s rudeness and stupidit