1、 外文资料 Introduction to press Press is a compact structure versatility press. With a versatile, high production efficiency, the press can be widely used in cutting, punching, blanking, bending, riveting and forming and other processes. By applying strong pressure on the metal blank metal to plastic de
2、formation and fracture processed into parts. Large pulley driven by a motor (usually doubles as a flywheel) by mechanical presses work triangle belt driven through a clutch gear pair and slider-crank mechanism, the slider and punch straight down. 1 Basic Introduction. 1.1 Screw PressScrew press with
3、 a screw and nut as a transmission mechanism, and by the flywheel screw drive forward and reverse rotary motion into reciprocating slide down forging machinery. When working, the electric motor to rotate the flywheel to accelerate energy savings, through the screw, nut push the slider downward movem
4、ent. When the slider contacts the workpiece, is forced to decelerate to a complete stop of the flywheel, into rotational kinetic energy of the impact energy stored by the slider against the workpiece to deform. After the fight, the flywheel motor reversing, driving the slider to rise back to its ori
5、ginal position. Screw press with a nominal specification work force to represent. 1.2 crank pressCrank press is one of the most common cold stamping equipment, used for cold stamping die working platform. Its structure is simple, easy to use. By the bed in the form of the body structure is different
6、 crank press can be divided into open or closed crank press Crank presses; driven by the number of links can be divided into single-point or multi-point press press; press slide number is one or two can be divided into single-action or double-action press press. 1.3 Friction PressFriction press mac
7、hine is a strong universal pressure processing machine is widely used, can be used in a variety of pressure processing industries. In the machinery manufacturing industry, friction press applications more widely available to complete forging, upsetting, bending, correction, coining work, and some ha
8、ve no flash forging presses to accomplish this. Because of the press in the use of a larger universal, and there structure, installation, handling and auxiliary equipment is simple and low-cost advantages, so in machinery manufacturing, automobile, tractor and aviation industries in the press shop,
9、forge shop and forging workshops are widely used, but also for blanking and refractory suppression work.Over 1.4 pressesMulti-station press is an advanced press equipment, is an integrated multi-press, usually by head unit, feed mechanism, consisting of the press and the tail section. Fastest beat u
10、p to 40 beats / min or more, to meet the high-speed automated production. Unstacking head unit can be divided into units, magnetic belts and cleaning, oiling equipment; feed mechanism feeding arms generally composed; presses are generally divided into more than one slider and slider, choose accordin
11、g to the different needs,Tail section is generally constituted by a conveyor belt. 2 mechanical structurePress consists of four parts: a four-column hydraulic press machine; combined control cabinet; electric heating systems and insulation devices; mold conveyor gantry. The above composition with in
12、tegrated design, make nice shape, appearance, compact structure is simple, reliable, easy to maintain. 2.1 on a four-column hydraulic press machinePress should have a reliable structural rigidity resistance to deformation, hydraulic station location, press row set mold hoisting connected devices, hy
13、draulic station and press row has a removable dust cover. Can the direction of the workpiece length (3000) direction. Technical parameters are as follows: Nominal 190T; effective table size 3000 750 mm2; pressure exhaust velocity of 75 100 mm / s; maximum open distance of 550 mm (excluding heating p
14、late); dwell time 8h (workpiece 130 ) ; press the base height of 0.5 0.55m; press row and base flatness of 0.2 mm; press row lamination base average gap 0.25 mm (not less than 10 measuring points). 2.2 Heating SystemHeating the heating system is made of steel plate, heating, insulation layer. Two up
15、per and lower heating plates are connected with the press and the press row fixed base and easy removal, heating plate made of high quality 45 # steel tune tribute treatment. Electric heating plate placed in the heating tube and a thermocouple. Thermocouple placement fastening reliable, easy to disa
16、ssemble. Heating plate Technical parameters: the plane size 3050 650 mm2; flatness of 0.2 mm; measuring point arrangement: on board 3:00; under the board 6:00. Heating pipes made of stainless steel outer casing, operating voltage 220V. Unilateral qualify, the number is a multiple of 3. Electric heat
17、ing pipe replacement convenient and reliable. Wiring of the protective devices. Insulation layer is disposed between the heating plate and the base (or press row), the heating plate is surrounded by the insulation plate provided good insulation performance should be selected materials, the heating p
18、late is quite planar dimensions, the thickness of not less than 20 mm.2.3 Control CabinetRack presses the action and temperature cabinet. Instrument panel and switch on the cabinet; power switch, indicator, voltmeter, ammeter; press the action button and indicator light; pressure indicating instrume
19、nt; heating switch and indicator light; digital temperature regulator (accuracy 1 ); insulation timing control, over-temperature alarm; maximum temperature 180 ; heating rate of 1.7 2.5 / min; temperature inhomogeneities 3 , the heating power of each phase power balance; temperature regulator temper
20、ature region corresponding real-time control, When all reaches the set value 3 , timer expires after a set time, the temperature control system can automatically process heat or power by the setting. 2.4 Mold transport aircraftA carriage with an upper input roller structure presses one end connected
21、 to the base (removable), one end placed on the ground (height-adjustable). Carrying capacity 3T; lose height on the surface of the roll heating plate flush; plane size (2800 2900) 750mm2 (available part); compartment temperature pressure plate on press row and around the base to reduce mold heating
22、 process The heat loss with aluminum (or stainless steel) and the insulation material. To facilitate the placement may be divided into several pieces. 3 mechanical principlesPresses are usually driven by a motor through the friction disc flywheel rim leaving the flywheel rotates, so this press known
23、 as friction press, Chinas largest cattle friction press is 25 megabytes. Larger size presses with hydraulic system drives the flywheel, called hydraulic screw press, the maximum size of 125 megabytes cattle. Later appeared with an electric motor directly drives the flywheel presses, Its compact, le
24、ss transmission links, due to the frequent change of control of the higher electrical requirements, and requires special motors.Rotary presses no fixed lower dead point of the larger die forgings, can repeatedly blow molding can be singles, and even play jog. Strike force and deformation of the work
25、piece on large deformation hitting power, small deformation (such as cold hit) when combating force. In these respects, it is similar to the hammer. But its a slider low speed (about 0.5 m / sec, 1/10 only hammer), the striking force through a closed rack, so smooth, vibration is much smaller than t
26、he hammer, do not need a great foundation. Presses equipped with skid insurance agencies, the maximum impact force limited to two times the nominal pressure to protect the safety equipment.The lower forging presses are equipped with top of the device. Both screw press forging hammer, forging machine
27、ry and other mechanical presses role, universal and strong, can be used for forging, stamping, deep drawing processes. Furthermore, screw press, friction press particularly simple structure, easy to manufacture, it is widely used. Screw press drawback is lower productivity and mechanical efficiency.
28、 4 Mechanical UseImproper operation or stamping presses, die set type presses the leading cause damage and downtime. Appropriate training and stamping die press operator set can ensure that they follow the correct procedures. It will be able to quickly reduce downtime.Operations to the former class
29、points brake actuator shaft filling oil, stick ball classes before the first class of the day, No. 20-30 grease gun filling machine oil amount, clutch pressure injection site every day before class time with lubricating oil gun . Class before stopping the machine for cleaning.Check the fasteners, pa
30、dded exterior missing pieces. Check the clutch and springs, belts. Check machine lubrication devices. Check the electrical wiring is damaged, aging, motors, solenoids are normal. Check the accuracy of the crankshaft and rail wear. Check the brakes, clutch, slider, closed block, closed loop. Check th
31、e electrical control. Coupling bolts fuselage bench testing and adjustments.According to press a different machine types and processing requirements, develop targeted, practical safety procedures and make the necessary job training and safety education. Using the unit and the operator must strictly
32、comply with the provisions and procedures of design and manufacturing units to provide safety instructions and proper use, maintenance. Press generally safe operation requirements are as follows:Before moving equipment, to check manipulation of the press section, clutch and brakes are in an active s
33、tate, the security guards are complete handy slider-crank mechanism ministries without exception. Abnormal should immediately take the necessary measures not sick operation, disassembly and damaged safety devices is strictly prohibited. Prior to the formal job subject to idle test, confirmed only af
34、ter all part of the normal work. Should clean up before starting work bench all unnecessary items, to prevent car vibration or shock switch off the wounded man suddenly start causing sliders. Operation must use tools, prohibited by hand directly into his die extract, hand tools shall not be placed o
35、n the mold.When adjusting the position of the workpiece in the die area or strip stuck in the mold of the workpiece, the foot must leave the foot pedals. People operating the same press should have a unified command, the signal is clear, until the other party to make a clear answer, and then confirm
36、 the action away from the danger zone. Sudden power failure or operator should be finished off the power, and the manipulator to return to neutral clutch, brake in braking. Presses case for overhaul, adjustments and the installation, adjustment, disassembly die, disconnect energy (eg electricity, ga
37、s, liquid) in the machine, the machine stops operation carried out, and put the pads in the slider plus reliable Support. Listed at the start switch machine warning notice. 5 Mechanical Maintenance 5.1 attention to safety during maintenanceEnsure correct locking / opening process to ensure the safet
38、y of maintenance personnel to ensure the brakes prior to carry out maintenance work in the bottom of the sleeve into the trip. If this is done, it is no longer a lock sleeve. 5.2 Maintenance ProcessSo the press operator presses added to the process to maintain them in case of problems can always rem
39、ind maintenance or management personnel. They have carried out the operation of the press every day, so it can more easily hear or see signs of the problem. As a daily driver with a car, an exception can be noticed for the first time in the sound, which is also the same for the operator. 5.3 Environ
40、mental Control workshopA clean press allows the operator or maintenance personnel can quickly discover if a problem occurs. Such as oil spills, leakage, breakage, etc., if the press is clean, then its easy to find out its location. 5.4 ensure that the press is in the equilibrium positionPrecision ba
41、lanced press can get a better job, so best to check once a year. Charged with the operation of pneumatic systems and balance of pneumatic brake systems, you need to check whether there is a gas leak, because the Ministry of proper air pressure can affect performance brakes and balance system, and th
42、ey control the press to stop time, if there are problems will make the operation and equipment in danger. In addition, all systems have pneumatic regulators, lubricators and reservoir. Accumulation in the gas pipeline water a day should be excluded. 5.5 for some time to replace the oil and filterImp
43、roper lubrication system for the maintenance of the press is one of the main reasons the press downtime occurs, for some reason, a lot of press operator at the time of the oil circulation system with screen operation with occasional replacement of the filter. Should ensure that the replacement of oi
44、l while replacing the filter, usually also need regular replacement. 5.6 Maintenance of mechanical presses keyFor a mechanical press routine maintenance projects, which aspects are most important? The answer is the operator. All maintenance and issue press Find to start on the operator, the operator
45、 can often find problems early in the press, for the press to prevent the major components generated sustained damage. The operator can press attention by strange noise emitted; abnormal temperature rise, smoke, debris or some parts of the metal particles occurs; pipeline leaks, and found a problem.
46、 The operator should ask ourselves every day some questions answered by checking records to maintain long-term maintenance records. 6 InstallationUsers will press shipped to the installation site, open the box, and then according to the instructions for installation work, will press on cement founda
47、tions have been beaten with a level tested around the table at the front and rear of the fuselage, horizontal degrees required to allow every length 1000 mm 0.20 mm, adjust if uneven material iron, until compliance with the requirements. The foundation is shown in Figure ten. After the cement solidi
48、fication should be tightened evenly feet Lo Lo playing Manager (M24), with a spirit level to check the levelness of the fuselage table, presses must be completely solidified to begin work on the basis. After the installation is complete press should carefully kerosene oil will rust on the machined s
49、urface wash pressesKerosene not fall on the paint surface to avoid paint damage. Should be carefully cleaned and depression shoulder clean, dry after cleaning with cotton yarn, coated with a thin layer of oil. And check the lubrication hole is smooth, not be clogging.After the well, the press should be installed on a reliable grounding wire.
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