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1、关于经济的英语单词 rural economics 农村经济 liberal economy 自由经济 mixed economy 混合经济 political economy 政治经济学 protectionism 保护主义 autarchy 闭关自守 economist 经济学家 socialist economy 社会主义经济 capitalist economy 资本主义经济 collective economy 集体经济 planned economy 计划经济 controlled economy 管制经济 primary sector 初级成分 private sector 私营
2、成分 ,私营部门 public sector 公共部门 ,公共成分 economic channels 经济渠道 economic balance 经济平衡 economic fluctuation 经济波动 economic depression 经济衰退 economic stability 经济稳定 economic policy 经济政策 economic recovery 经济复原 understanding 约定 concentration 集中 holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔 rate of growth 增长 economic
3、 trend 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势 infrastructure 基本建设 standard of living 生活标准 ,生活水平 purchasing power, buying power 购买力 scarcity 短缺 stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气 underdevelopment 不发达 underdeveloped 不发达的 developing 发展中的 国民生产总值GNP (Gross National Product) 人均国民生产总值per capita GNP 产值 output value 鼓励 give incenti
4、ve to 投入 input 宏观控制exercise macro-control 优化经济结构optimize the economic structure 输入活力bring vigor into 改善经济环境improve economic environment 整顿经济秩序rectify economic order 有效地控制通货膨胀effectively control inflation 非公有成分non-public sectors 主要成分dominant sector 实在的 tangible 全体会议plenary session 解放生产力liberate/unsha
5、ckle/release the productive forces 引入歧途lead one to a blind alley 举措 move 实事求是seek truth from facts 引进、输入importation 和平演变peaceful evolution 试一下 have a go (at sth.) 精华、精粹、实质quintessence 家庭联产责任承包制family-contract responsibility system 搞活企业invigorate enterprises 商品经济commodity economy 基石 cornerstone 零售 re
6、tail 发电量 electric energy production 有色金属nonferrous metals 人均收入per capita income 使负担 be saddled with 营业发达的公司going concerns 被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business 善于接受的receptive 增额、增值、增长increment 发展过快excessive growth 抽样调查data from the sample survey 扣除物价上涨部分price increase are deducted(excluded) 实际增长率a
7、ctual growth rate 国际收支international balance of payments 流通制度circulation system 总工资 total wages 分配形式forms of distribution 风险资金risk funds 管理不善poor management 一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points 以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（ 2）党的 领导（ 3）人民民主专政（ 4）马列主义 毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放 the central task refers to ec
8、onomic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the peoples democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reform and opening. 改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。 Reform is “
9、the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system.“ 我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否 有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力， 是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。 The criterion for our judgement is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength
10、of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards. 社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化， 最终达到共同富裕。 The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achi
11、evement of common prosperity. 要人们警惕右和“左”的影响，特别是“左”的根深蒂固的影响。 to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the “Left“ deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted “Left“ influence. 中国要警惕右，但更要防“左” 。 China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against t
12、he “Left“deviation. 资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。 Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy. 随着改革的深化， 国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小，而市场调节的范 围将会扩大。 As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market for
13、ces will be enlarged. 初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。 to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy. 各尽所能，按劳 /需分配。 from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs. 经济结构改革。 reform in economic structure 剩余劳动力。 surplus labor 经营机制 operative mechanism
14、发挥市场的调节作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market 经济和法律的杠杆 economic and legal leverages 经济计划和市场调节相结合 to combine economic planning with market regulation 计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制 a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation 取消国家对农产品的统购统销 to cancel the states monopoly on the purcha
15、se and marketing of agricultural products 改革重点转移到城市 the focus of reform is shifted to the cities 国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设 The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization. 逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富 强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。 to modernize the countrys industry, agricult
16、ure, national defence and science and techn ology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy. 社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有 制和劳动群众集体所有制。 The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of
17、 production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people. 国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。 The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy. 国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。 The state ensur
18、es the consolidation and growth of the state economy. 农业 farming 林业 forestry 畜牧业 animal husbandry 副业 sideline production 渔业 fishing 第一产业primary industry 第二产业secondary industry 第三产业tertiary industry 生产资料means of production 生活资料means of livelihood/subsistence 生产关系relations of production 生产力 productive
19、 forces 公有制 public ownership 私有制 private ownership 全民所有制ownership by the entire/whole people 社会主义集体所有制socialist collective ownership 厉行节约，反对浪费to practice strict economy and combat waste 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise 合资企业joint venture 合作企业cooperative enterprise 独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded enterpr
20、ise 亚洲金融危机financial crisis in Asia 沿海经济开发区open coastal economic area 养老保险endowment insurance 养老金 pension 养路费 road toll 以产定人 ,减员增效employ workers in accordance with production needsand increase efficiency while reducing the staff 异地资金汇划fund remittance between different places 一个中心 ,两个基本点one central ta
21、sk, two basic points 以公有制为主体，多种经济成分共同发展the pattern with the public sector remaining dominant and diverse sectors of the economy developing side by side 一级市场primary market 溢价 premium 溢价发行债券(以超过票面金额价发行债券) issue of bonds at a premium 以 经 济 建 设 为 中 心focusing on the central task of economic construction
22、一揽子 (计划) one-package (plan) 一揽子购买lump-sum purchase; basket purchase 以人为本people oriented; people foremost 以上海浦东开发开放为龙头,进一步开放长江沿岸城市open more cities along the Yangtze River, while concentrating on the development and opening of the Pudong Area of Shanghai 隐性收入invisible income; off-payroll income; side
23、money 以质量求生存、求发展、求效益“strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of quality“ 以质量求发展strategy of development through quality; win the market with quality products 以资证明in witness whereof; in testimony thereof 印花税 stamp duty / tax 隐性就业unregistered employment 隐形牧人invisible income; off-pa
24、yroll income 隐性失业recessive unemployment 赢利能力profitability 营销管理marketing management 营业税 turnover tax; business tax 永久正常贸易关系permanent normal trading relations (PNTR) 优化结构optimize structure 优化经济结构optimize the economic structure 优化资源配置optimize the allocation of resources 优化组合optimization grouping; optio
25、nal regrouping 优惠贷款loans on favorable terms 有机农业organic agriculture 优胜劣汰survival of the fittest 优 势 互 补(of two countries or companies) have complementary advantages 幼稚工业infant industry 游资 idle money / fund; floating capital 与国际惯 例接轨become compatible with internationally accepted practices 与国际市场接轨int
26、egrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market 预算外收入extra-budgetary revenue 预算外支出off-budget expenditure 远景规划perspective long-term plan 远景计划long-term development targets 远期合同forward contract 原始资本original capital 再贷款 re-lending; subloan 在孵（孵化器）企业incubated enterprises (incubator
27、) 再就业服务中心re-employment service center 再就业工程re-employment project / program 宰（客）to swindle money out of our customers 在途资金fund in float 增发股票increase issues in stocks 增 加 信 任 ,减 少 麻烦 ,发展 合 作 ,不 搞 对 抗enhance trust, reduce trouble,develop cooperation and avoid confrontation 造假帐 falsified accounts 增值税 va
28、lue added tax(V AT) 渣打银行The Chartered Bank 债台高筑become debt-ridden 债转股 debt-to-equity swap 招标 invite a bid 招标投标制the system of public bidding for project 招股说明书prospectus 招商局 China Merchants Steam Navigation Co. Ltd. (China Merchants) 招商引资attract/bid for/invite investments (from overseas) 朝阳产业sunrise i
29、ndustry 折旧费 depreciation charge 折衷方案a compromise proposal 振兴经济revitalize the economy 政策性贷款policy-based lending; policy-related loan 政策性亏损policy-related losses; losses incurred due to policy decisions 政策银行policy banks 政府采购government procurement 政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏“Governments set up the stage, various dep
30、artments cooperate and enterprise put in the show. “ 政府干预government intervention 政企不分without a clear line between the functions of the government and enterprises; the functions of the government and enterprises mixed up 政企分开separate government functions from enterprise management 证券化 securitisation
31、证券监督管理委员会securities supervision commission 证券营业部stock exchange; security exchange 支付能力payment capacity 直接三通与双向交流three direct links (mail, air and shipping services and trade)and bilateral exchanges 质量管理quality control 质量认证体系认证证书certificate of the system of quality certification 知识产权intellectual prop
32、erty 知识经济knowledge-based economy 知识经济“knowledge economy , knowledge-base economy“ 直销 direct marketing; door-to-door sale 滞销商品unmarketable goods 制止外汇流失prevent foreign exchange flight 中关村科技园区Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park 中 国 出 口 商 品 交 易 会 (广 交 会 ) China Export Commodities Fair (Guangzhou Fa
33、ir) 中国经济景气监测中心China Economic Monitoring Center 中国新经济峰会China New Economy Summit 中国证监会Chinas Securities Regulatory Commission 重合同、守信用的原则the principle of equality and mutual benefit and “honoring contracts adn standing by reputation“ 重合同 ,守信用 abide by contracts and keep ones words 中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法Law of
34、 the Peoples Republic of China on the Protection of Consumers Rights and Interests 中华人民共和国渔政渔港监督管理局Administration of Fishery and Fishing Harbor Supervision of the PRC 股票的）中签win the lot for IPO (股票的）中签率lot winning rate 中央大型企业工委Central Work Committee for Large Enterprises 中央经济工作会议the Central Economic
35、Working Conference 中央商务区central business district (CBD) 注册会计师certificated public accountant (CPA) 注册资本registered capital 主体经济the mainstay of the economy 抓大放小 ,三改一加强(Efforts were focused on) the reform, reorganization,upgrading and better management of enterprises, aiming at well managing large enter
36、prises while adopting more flexible policies toward small ones 抓住机遇 ,深化改革 ,扩大开放 ,促进发展 ,保持稳定seize the current opportunity,deepen the reform, open China wider to the outside world,promote development and maintain stability 抓住机遇seize the opportunity 转轨 transfer to a different track; retracking 转轨经济econ
37、omies in transition; transition economy 转化机制(of State-owned enterprises) to shift to new management mechanisms 专属经济区exclusive economic zone 专业化分工division of labor based on specialization 追赶型和跨越式发展pursuant and leap-forward development 准备金 reserve fund; capital reserves 准上市公司pro-listed companies 资本额过多
38、overcapalisation 资本利润率rate of return on capital 资本外逃capital flight 资产保值增值maintain and increase the value of assets; maintenance and appreciation of assets value 资产剥离peel off (bad) assets of a company 资产重组reorganized assets; assets reorganization 资产负债表balance sheet 资产调控assets control 资金到位fully funded (project) 资金划拨capital allocation 资金汇划fund remittance and transfer 自由竞争free competition 自由流通free flow 自由贸易区free-trade zone 自足经济self-sufficient economy 最低工资保障制度minimum wage guarantee system 最低生活保证制度system for ensuring a minimum standard of living 最惠国待遇most-favored-nation status 最终用户end user