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1、高一英语必修一unit1-5 一、重点词汇及短语： upset, ignore, calm, concern, wonder, outdoors, purpose, settle, suffer, recover, pack, disagree, dare, grateful, add up, calm.down , have got to , be concerned about, go through, set down, a series of, in order to, at dusk, face to face, no longer/ not.any longer, suffer f
2、rom, get/ be tired of, pack.up, get along with, fall in love, join in, get sth done, walk the dog, should have done, make. sth/adj., hide away, grow/be crazy about, do with, happen to do sth, take no notice of, have trouble with 1. upset adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的（常接about/at/over等介词） eg. He was upset over his w
3、ifes illness. vt. 使不安；使心烦（ upset, upset ） 2. ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视（故意装作不理睬）（近义词disregard”看轻，无视， 不顾” ，指经过考虑后认为不重要） ignorant adj. 没意识到的，不知道的 be ignorant 不知道，没意识到 3. calm vt. take notice of=pay attention to=notice 二、重点句型： 1. Your friend comes to school very upset . adj.作状语，用来补充说明主语your friend 来学校时的心情。此处作伴随
4、状语。 与副词做状语修饰谓语不同，形容词做状语更多地注重描述主语所处的状态。一 般用逗号将其与句子的其余部分隔开，可位于句首、句末或句中，在意义上相当 于一个状语从句。 2. While walking the dog, you were careless and it 当时间状语从句，让步状语从句或方式状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致时， 从句的主语和 be动词可以省略。 3. She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. 段时间 +before “在.之后才 .”
5、 4. I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do （就像大多数人 一样地做） as引导的方式状语从句 5. Your friend, who doesnt work hard, asks you to help him/her cheat in the exam by looking at your paper. who 引导的非限定性定语从句； Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you . Do you want a fri
6、end whom you could tell everything to 定语从句：reasons why+ 定语从句； a friend whom+定语从句； I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have keptme spellbound . There was a time when+ 定语从句；could have done情态动词表对过去的推测； keep sb. done宾补，
7、 spellbound是 spellbind 的过去分词，指“被吸引的，被迷住的” 6. So she made her diary her best friend . make sb./ sth.+ n. （宾补） 7. I want this diary itself to be my friend. itself 做 diary 的同位语，是 it 的强调形式。 8. I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. piece of material hu
8、ng to cover a window. 现在分词和过去分词作后置定语，及其区别。 8. It was the first time in a year and a half that I d seen the night face to face 强调句： It was the first time that+过去完成时 9. It s no pleasurelooking through these any longer It s no pleasure doing sth.做某事不愉快 10. She found it difficult tosettle and It 做形式宾语，t
9、o do sth.做真正的宾语。find it difficult to do sth. 类似的动词有 think, consider等。 11. It was such fun to watch it run 句型 It is + n. to do sth。 It 做形式主语，to do sth,做真正的主语； 感官动词 watch sb. do sth. 不带 to 的不定式做宾补。 三、语法：直接引语和间接引语（陈述句和疑问句） 1、直接引语 ：直接引用别人的原话。直接引语通常放在引号内。 eg：My mother always says, “You should study hard.
10、” 2、间接引语 ：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语多数用宾语从句来表达。 eg：My mother always told me that I should study hard. 3、直接引语和间接引语的转换 （1）句式的转换 陈述句去逗号和引号，用say that/tell sb.（that也可以省略）接宾语从句； said/told sb.后面的从句要做人称、时态等的变化。 Eg: He usually says that, “I am the cleverest in the world.” -He usually says that he is the cleverest in t
11、he world. 一般疑问句去逗号和引号，用 if/whether 接宾语从句，改用陈述语序。从句中 要做人称，时态等相应变化。 Eg: He asked me, “Will you go with me?” - He asked me if I would go with him. 特殊疑问句去逗号和引号，用特殊疑问词引导宾语从句，改用陈述语序。从句 中要做人称，时态等相应变化。 Eg: I asked the students, “How many words have you learned?” - I asked the students how many words they ha
12、d learned. -He asked me to pass him the book. （2）人称的转换一随主，二随宾，三不变 （3）时态的转换 动词的时态：当直接引语表示客观真理或经常性的特点时，转换成间接引语时， 保持原来的一般现在时。当主句的谓语动词是现在时态，宾语从句中可以根据实际 情况选用不同时态。但是如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语从句做如 下调整： 一般现在时 -一般过去时 一般过去时 -过去完成时 一般将来时 -过去将来时 现在进行时 -过去进行时 现在完成时 -过去完成时 过去完成时 -过去完成时 记忆口诀：主现从不限， 主过从也过， 客观真理永不变。 （4）指
13、示代词，时间状语，地点状语和动词的变化 指示代词 this-that, these those, 时间状语 nowthen, todaythat day, tonightthat night, tomorrowthe next day, next weekthe next week, last night the night before, yesterday the day before, the day before yesterday two days ago, ago before 地点状语here-there 动词的变化 comego, bringtake Eg: Doris sai
14、d to me ，“ I will go to see you tomorrow and take you a present. ” - Doris said to me shewould come to see methe next day and bring me a present. 备注：假如当时当地转述，时间、地点状语不变，指示代词不变。 四、交际运用：如何友好地表达同意或不同意 Attitudes: Are you afraid that./ Ive grown so crazy about. /I didnt dare. Agreement and disagreement ：
15、I agree./ I think so./ Exactly./ I dont agree./ I dont think so./ Im afraid not. Certainty: That s correct./ Of course not. U2 English around the world 一、重点词汇 voyage, actually, base, gradually, latter, identity, frequent, frequently, command, request, recognize, straight, enrich, fluent, standard, e
16、xpect, however ，because of , come up, at present , make use of, such as, play a part in, more than, go to the pictures, at the end of , than ever before, communicate with, a large number of, Only time will tell. without a second thought, believe it or not, to this day 1. voyage nC. 航行，航海 vi. 去航海 2.
17、actually adv. 实际上，事实上 3. base vt. 以.为根据n. 基部，基地，基础 be based on 以.为基础 eg. Good oral English is based on good pronunciation. basic adj. 基本的，基础的 basically adv. 基本上，根本上 4. gradually adv. 逐渐地，逐步地（近义词：little by little ） gradual adj. 逐渐的，逐步的 5. latter adj. 较后的，后半的，后面的，(两者中 )后者的 later adj. 稍后的，待会的 latter 强调
18、顺序上靠后的， later 强调时间上过会的 the latter 后者（反义词： the former） 6. identity n. 本身，本体，身份，个性/特性 identify vt. 识别identification n. 鉴明，验明 identical adj. 完全相同的，同一的 be identical with/to 和完全相同 eg. The theme of this movie is identical with that of that book. 7. frequent adj. 频繁的，常见的 frequently adv. 常常，频繁地 8. command n
19、.merit; strong points at a disadvantage 处于不利的地位 take advantage of 乘机利用，利用别人的弱点占便宜 have an advantage over 胜过, 优于 altitude: at an altitude of 海拔在 longitude attitude to/towards/to 对的态度 姿势，姿态eg.He remained standing in a listening attitude. 他一直在那儿做倾听状。 eg. He received the guests with a respectful attitud
20、e. 他以恭敬的姿态接待客人。用in 表式静态，用 with 表动态 to ones advantage(=to the advantage sb.) 对.有利 cycle n. 循环, 周期; 自行车 , 摩托车 vi 骑自行 摩托车 cycle to work / school walk to work / school recycle vt /vi. 回收利用 ; 再循环 recyclable adj可循环再用的 non-recyclable adj 不可循环再用的 persuade sb to do sth = persuade sb into doing sth persuade s
21、b not to do sth = persuade sb out of doing sth advise sb to do graduate from 从毕业（短暂性动词） after graduation 毕业后 a graduate student 研究生 undergraduate student ; 大学本科生 care about表示在乎，常用于否定句；care for表示关心，喜爱，常用于肯定句。 take care of照顾take care 小心，保重 determine to do sth / determine on,upon sth 决定某事 be determined
22、(a. 坚定的，坚决的 ) to do sth决心做某事a determined look 反义词： hesitate persuade v. 说服；劝服 persuade sb. 说服某人 persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 persuade sb. not to do sth. 说服某人不要做某事 I persuade him to keep away from the net bar. make up one s mind 下决心 make up 编造；讲和；化装 , 打扮；组成 , 构成 make it 及时赶到 , 办成功 ; 达到目的 ; make ro
23、om for 为 . 让地方 make out 辨认出，理解 make money 挣钱 make sense 讲得通，言之有理 make a living 谋生；维持生活 make a mistake / mistakes 弄错；犯错误 make fun of 取笑 make ones way 前进；行进 make sure 查明；弄确实；务使；确信 12. give in 屈服，让步 give away赠送; 赠予; 颁发;分发；泄露 , 出卖 give back 归还；送回 give out 分发；耗尽，用完 give up 放弃 give off 发出; 放出; 散发出 ; 放射出 二
24、 【重点句型】 Choose a place you want to visit.(P17. 2. L1) choose-chose-chosen make a choice 作出选择 choose form 从中选择 （which/that）you want to visit 定语从句 Ever since middle school, my sister Wangwei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.(P18 L1) ever since 自从以来，常与完成时连用。 dream about / of /that 梦想做某
25、事 dream about / of there being 梦想有 take a bike trip 单车旅行 It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.(P18L13) It is /was that /who .(强调句型 ) eg. (2007重庆， 27) It is not who is right but what is right _ is of importance. A. which
26、B. it C. that D. this She can be really stubborn.(P18L16) can 有可能会，表客观的可能性。 Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.(P18L17) although 不能与 but 连用，但可与 yet 连用。 insist 坚持要求，后接句子要用虚拟语气，即(should) do 的形式。 They insisted that they (should) t
27、alk to the manager. insist 坚持声称，后接句子不用虚拟语气。 eg David insisted that what he had done was right. insist on 坚持 She gave me a determined look the kind that said she would not change her mind. a determined look 坚毅的眼神would：表意愿。 , she seemed to be excited about it.(P18L23) seem to do sth It seems that Ther
28、e seems to be When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience (P18L23) to breathe 前省略了 for you experience n. 经历C ; 经验U vt. 体验，经历 Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. (P18L25) once: conj. 一旦, Once printed, thi
29、s book will be very popular. adv. 一次，曾经。 I have only been here once. n. 一次adj. 曾经的，以前的 This is the once capital of the nation all at once 立刻 It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across western Yunnan Province.(P18L29) through：穿越across ：横跨，横渡over 翻过，翻越 We were both surprise
30、d to learn that (P18L31) be surprised to do A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.( P20 1. ) No matter how + adj/adv 不论如何 引导让步状语从句 Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice.(p22L1) 引导结果状语从 句 That s what we looked like!(P22 L2) That s wha
31、t 那就是 的事情或东西。 引导表语从句 Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us.(P22 L3) dressed in 分词短语作后置定语， dressed表状态。 Wangwei rode in front of me as usual.(P22L5) as usual 像往常一样 To climb the mountains was hard work but as we looked (P22 L6) To climb the mountains 不定式作主语表将来一次性动作 At
32、one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds.(P22 L8) find oneself doing 发觉某人自己正在做 It was great fun especially as it gradually became much warmer.(P22 L9) much：程度副词，在此修饰比较级， 此类词常见的有： a bit, a little, a lot , a great deal, far, by far, even等 and we saw many yaks and sheep
33、eating green grass.(P22 L10) see sb/sth doing 看到 正在做 In the early evening we always stop to make camp. We put up our tent(P22 L12) in the early evening 在大清早make camp 扎营 put up 张贴；建造；供给 .住宿；举起，抬起 put on 上演，演出；穿上，戴上 put off 推迟；拖延 Put up with 忍受 put down 放 下；写下 put out 扑灭；出版 but I stayed awake.(P22 L13
34、) stay awake /calm/ healthy As I lay beneath the stars (P22 L15) lie-lied- lied- lying 说谎 lie- lay- lain -lying 平躺，位于，存在于 lay laid- laid-laying 放置，产卵，下蛋，摆桌子 We will reach Dali in Yunnan Province soon, where our cousins Dao Wei and Yu Hang will join us. We can hardly wait to see them!(P22 L17) join s
35、b 加入某人 can hardly wait to do 迫不及待要做 When you go on a journey, why not keep a travel journal?(P24 learning tip L1) go on a journey 进行一次旅行 keep a travel journal 记旅行日志 There are always so many new people to meet(P24 learning tip L2) to meet 作后置定语 I was about to sail away in a junk, when suddenly I hear
36、d(P24 Reading for fun L1) be about to do when 刚要做突然 必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes 一.重点词汇 bury, rise, burst, ruin, injure, destroy, shock, rescue, frighten , judge, congratulate, right away, at an end, think little of, give out, instead of, all not 1. rise vi. celebrate+表节日、胜利、成功等的名词或代词。 12. right away: at o
37、nce: right off: straight away : immediately 立即；马上right now 立即；此刻 13. at an end 结束，终结 (finished) ；在末尾 联想at the end of 在 的尽头 /末端 (指时间、地点等) by the end of 在之前 (常与完成时连 用)(指时间 ) in the end 最后， 终于 (finally) put an end to. 结束 (vt.) come to an end 结 束(vi.) 14. think little of 对 评价不高Some people think little o
38、f selecting super girls on TV. 联想think highly/well/a lot/much of 对 有好评think poorly/badly/of 对 评价不好think nothing/little of sth. 视为平常； 不当一回事think nothing of it 不用谢，不要介意speak well/ill of 说 的好 /坏话 15. give out 分发；发出 (气味、热等 )；发表；用尽 My legs gave out and I couldn t walk any farther. The results of the exam
39、ination won t be given out. give up 放弃， give in 屈服，让步， give off 发出， give away 赠送 16. instead of 代替，而不是 e.g.1). The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. 2). Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time. 3). She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday. 短语归纳 instead 是副词，单独
40、使用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为“ 代替；相反 ” 。instead of 是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，其后面的动作，意为“ 代替、而不 ” 。in place of 为介词短语，也是“ 代替、而不 ” 的意思。 take the place of 作谓语，用在名词、代词前。 17. All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破灭了。 解释 All the students do not know how to deal with the problem. = Not all the students know how to deal with the prob
41、lem. 并非所有的学生都知道如何解决个问题。 I don t know all of them. 我并不认识他们所有的人。 表示 “ 全体 ” 意义的代词、 副词或形容“all, both, every, everybody, always” 等和否定副词not 连用 时表部分否定 , 而“none, neither, nobody, nothing” 等表完全否定。如： Everyone doesn t like the story. = Not everyone likes the story. Nobody likes the story. 没人喜欢这个故事。 Both of the
42、students don t like the story. 并非这两个学生这个故事。Neither of the students likes the story. 这两学生都不喜欢这个故事。 二.重点句型 1. It seemed as if the world was at an end！ 句型It seemed as if/that.似乎；好像 提醒:据从句所说情况是可能的还是假设，而采用陈述或虚拟语气。 It seems that they are arguing about the taxi fare.( They seem to be arguing about the taxi
43、 fare.) It seemed as if nothing had happened. It seems as if it was spring already. 2. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. 句型Everywhere.无论哪里 ，都 。everywhere 意为 “ 无论哪儿 ” ，在句中引导一个状 语从句，相当于wherever。 Everywhere he goes，his dog will follow him. Everywhere they appeared，they would meet
44、with strong protests. With a special train ticket you can travel everywhere you like. 3. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. 短语归纳 :tens of hundreds of 数百的hundreds of thousands of 成百上千的thousands of 数千的 millions of 数百万的dozens of 许多；大量scor
45、es of 许多；大量 4. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000 a number of 若干；许多，大量的. 其中 number 前可用 large，great，small，good 等修饰。 辨析a number of/the number of a number of(大量的 )可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式； the number of(的数量 )可数名词复数，谓语动词要用单数。 5. Mice ran out of the fields looking for place
46、s to hide. 这句话中的looking for places to hide 是作 ran out of the fields 的伴随状况， 这是动词的现在分 词形式的一个用法。现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情 况等。 They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky. 6. In the farmyard, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 该句中含有too nervous/ glad/ pleas
47、ed/ surprised/ happy/ anxiousto do sth.结构，表肯定意义， 在此结构中， too 相当于 very. e.g. He was too surprised to see how angry she was.看到她生气时，他非常吃惊。 （1）too+adj./adv. (for sb) to do sth 意思是 “ 太 而不能 ” ，若句子主语是不定式的逻辑宾语， 不定式要用主动表被动；若不定式是不及物动词，则应加上相应的介词。e.g. Its never too late to learn. The math problem is difficult (f
48、or me ) to work out. (2)too to 的否定形式not too to表达肯定的意思“ 并非太 而不能 ” 。 e.g. The child is not too young to dress himself.这孩子并非小得连衣服都不会穿。 （3）注意 too to句型与 so+adj./adv. +that句型的转换。 e.g. The foreigner spoke too fast for me to understand.=The foreigner spoke so fast that I couldn t understand what he was sayi
49、ng. 7. there be 句型 表示 “ 某个事物 ” 在“ 什么地方 ” ，其结构为 “there be 主语其他成分” 。there为引导词，本身无 意义，谓语动词按照就近一致原则。 归纳 There happen to be 碰巧 There seem to be 似乎 (有) There is likely to be 可能 There must be 一定 There can t be 不可能 There is said to be 据说 (有) There s reported to be 据 报道 (有)There used to be 过去常常Theres sure/certain to be 一定会 8. Listening to