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1、专业好文档电大监督学期末复习资料小抄 试题一、多项选择题（每小题2分，共10分）1公民监督的特征包括( ABCD )。 A广泛性 B基础性 C直接性 D多样性2社会监督具有以下典型特征( ABCD )。 A自觉性 B民主性 C全面性 D间接性3网络舆论监督与传统媒体舆论监督相比具有如下新特点(BCD A实时性 B广泛性 C交互性 D-定的隐蔽性4民主党派监督在方法上讲究( BCD )。 A前瞻性 B科学性 C代表性 D建设性 5我国的权力监督主要包括( ACD )。 A人民代表大会的监督 B人民政协的监督 C行政机关的监督 D司法机关的监督二、名词解释（每小题5分，共10分）6侦查监督是指检察
2、机关对侦查机关、侦查部门处理刑事案件一切活动的监督，既包括对侦查机关、侦查部门在认定事实、适用法律方面是否正确实行的监督，也包括对侦查机关、侦查部门在进行侦查活动中有无违法行为实行的监督，具体表现为立案监督、审查监督（审查批准逮、审查起诉）和侦查活动监督。 7二审监督制度是指第一审法院的上一级法院根据上诉、抗诉，对第一审法院作出的尚未生效的判决或裁定进行第二次审理的法律监督制度。三、填空题（每小题1分，共10分） 8监督是指各种监督主体依法对国家公权力机关和国家公职人员行使公共权力的活零所进行的监察、督察活动以及对滥用公权力谋取私人利益的各种行为的_纠正_活动。 9权力的_相对_性是指权力存在
3、于人与人的关系中，没有人与人的关系，单独的个人无所谓权力。 10腐败是一种 公权力 异化的社会现象。 11人民政协的监督实质上是一种有组织地反映_统一战线_ 各方面的意见的民j监督。 12人民政协通过-视察- 、检查等途径对国家机关及其工作人员履行职责情况实施创监督是监督体系中的重要一环。 13社会监督主要包括社团监督、_公民_监督、舆论监督。 14新闻舆论监督是具有人民性、_公开性_ 、及时性、广泛性、快捷性等特征的一种利会监督。 15我国的信访按内容可以分为三类，即参与类、求决类和 -诉讼- 类。 16一美洲反腐败公约-是世界上第一部多边反腐败条约，对预防贪污腐赠行为规定得十分详细。 17
4、瑞典的议会监察专员一般从具有杰出法律知识和秉性正直、社会威望较高的无党动人士中选出，只有_议会_有权罢免监察专员。四、简答题（每小题10分，共30分）18简述清末的政党监督思想。清末政党监督思想主要体现在以下方面： (1)政党易于监督政府。政党起着社会平衡和稳定的作用，所以易于监督政府。（3分） (2)政党能够监督政府。国民是监督政府的真正力量来源，而政党则是国民利益的代言人和组织者，政党可以通过国民的力量有效监督政府。（4分） (3)政党善于监督政府。政党具有监督政府的天然本能，政府及其工作人员的行为必须是公正廉明的，否则，政党有能力也有力量予以制裁。（3分）19简述秦汉时期御史机构与监察制
5、度的发展。秦统一以后，以御史大夫主管监察。在地方各郡设有监御史，专职负责监督和纠察各地各级官吏的活动。（2分） 西汉初年，承袭秦制设御史府，长官仍为御史大夫。汉武帝时增设丞相司直和司隶校尉作为监察官员。为了加强对地方的控制，汉武帝将全国分为十三部（州），每部（州）由皇帝任命刺史一名，对地方官吏进行监督纠察。刺史专门监察全国地方官吏的政治制度由此形成。 （4分） 东汉时期进一步加强了监察制度。御史台转隶少府，成为专门的监察机关，以御史中丞为长官。对朝廷百官的监察主要由侍御史负责。京师附近为司吏校尉部，以司吏校尉为长官，司吏校尉既是京官，又是地方官，主管察举中央百官违法者和本部各郡事务。在其他州（
6、部），各设刺史一人，以监察地方。（4分）20简述党的委员会在党内监督中的职责。党的委员会在党内监督中的职责： (1)领导党内监督工作，明确同级纪委和党委工作部门、直属机构、派出机关以及相当于这一级别的党组（党委）在党内监督方面的任务和要求；(2分) (2)制定贯彻上级党组织和同级党的代表大会关于加强党内监督工作决议、决定的措施，研究解决党内监督工作中的重要问题；(2分) (3)对党委常委、委员，同级纪委和党委工作部门、直属机构、派出机关以及相当于这一级别的党组（党委）的领导班子及其成员进行监督；(2分) (4)对下一级党组织及其领导班子，特别是主要负责人进行监督；(2分) (5)党的地方各级委
7、员会和基层委员会监督上级党委、纪委的工作，提出意见和建议。五、论述题（每小题20分，共40分）21什么是行政复议，行政复议的原则是什么？行政复议是行政复议机关依公民、法人或者其他组织的申请，对引起争议的具体行政行为进行审查并作出裁决的一种行政行为，是行政监督的法定途径之一。（5分） 根据行政复议法的规定，行政复议的原则为合法、公正、公开、及时、便民、有错必纠。 合法是指行政复议机关必须依据法律规定的职责权限和程序，对申请复议的具体行政行为进行审查；（3分） 公正是指行政复议机关在复议活动中应保持对双方当事人的不偏不倚，并以事实为根据，准确地适用法律；（3分） 公开是指行政复议应充分体现行政司法
8、特色，向复议双方当事人和社会舆论开放,(2分) 及时是指行政复议应在法定时限内进行，不得拖延耽搁；（2分） 便民是指行政复议应尽量采取方便申请人的方式方法，以确保申请人能有效行使各项权利；（2分） 有错必纠是指行政复议机关对于违法或不当具体行政行为必须依法予以撤销或变更。22试述人民代表大会监督的作用。人民代表大会的监督是防治腐败、实现勤政廉政的有力保障，在我国的政治法律生活中具有重要的作用，具体表现在以下方面： (1)保证人民当家作主的实现。现实生活中的国家权力还存在所有权和实际行使权相分离的情况，为保证权力的具体行使者真正按照人民的意愿行使权力，就必须对他们所行使的权力加以限制，进行有效监
9、督。人民代表大会监督的根本任务，也正在于通过权力的控制和制约机制，保证权力真正掌握在人民手中，使权力的具体行使者只能按照人民的意愿作出特定的决定。（4分） (2)促进依法行政。为了保证行政权不被滥用，就必须设置完善的监督机制，对行政权的行使进行监督，人民代表大会对行政权的监督正是发挥了这样一种作用，可有效纠正行政机关不依法行政甚至违法行政的行为，并使相关责任人员受到惩罚，从而促进行政机关及其工作人员依法实施行政行为。（4分） (3)维护司法公正。在现实生活中，司法不公的现象总是在一定程度上存在，人民代表大会通过各种方式对司法实施监督，可以纠正司法不公，重新树立司法的公正形象，赢得人们对司法信任
10、，提高司法的社会效益。（4分） (4)维护法制统一和尊严。人民代表大会的监督对维护法制的统一和尊严具有特别重要的意义，通过人民代表大会的监督，能够有效防止下位法违背上位法的情况，防止出现破坏法制统一的现象，及时纠正有损于法制统一的行为，维护法制的统一。（4分）(5)制约公共权力，遏制腐败行为。一切权力都有腐败的趋势，必须通过一定的途径对权力的行使进行限制，以防止掌握权力的人超越界限，导致腐败行为的产生，人民代表大会的监督就是制约公共权力，遏制腐败行为的一种有效途径。一、名讽解释【每小题5分，共10分)1党员监督2侦查监督1党员监督是指共产党员按照党章、关于党内政治生活的若干准则和其他党内规章制
11、度、党纪党规的要求，对党的领导干部和其他党务工作者以及党的组织所进行的评议、批评、检举、控告等制约、督促和控制活动。党员监督是党内监督的最基本形式。 2侦查监督是指检察机关对侦查机关、侦查部门处理刑事案件一切活动的监督，既包括对侦查机关、侦查部门在认定事实、适用法律方面是否正确实行的监督，也包括对侦查机关、侦查部门在进行侦查活动中有无违法行为实行的监督，具体表现为立案监督、审查监督(审查批准逮捕、审查起诉)和侦查活动监督。二、填空题(每小题1分，共10分)1-谋利性- 是腐败主体的行为动机，是驱动腐败主体的内在动力。2寻租腐败是指为获得低于市场价格的公共资源所进行的权钱交易活动。3监督学是研究
12、监督的各种理论、制度以及监督实践，并揭示监督的发展规律的综合性社会学科。4-行政-监察是指政府内专门监督机关对负有行政管理职能的组织及其人员行使职权和履行职责的行为进行的监督，并依法追究其行政责任的活动。5-绩效-审计的作用在于通过审计促进被审单位实现最佳投入产出关系，实现其资金运行的现实效益和潜在效益。 6我国的社会民主监督包括人民政协监督、民主党派监督、-社会舆论监督、人民群众监督等方式。 7民主党派的民主监督在本质上是人民民主的一种具体体现方式。 8群众监督-是指人民群众通过各种方式和途径对党和政府及其公职人员进行的监督。9联合国反腐败公约开辟了一个新的国际合作领域，是最为重要的反腐败国
13、际性立法。 10前苏联人民监察委员会的监督模式是一种国家监察与社会监督相结合的监督模式。三、多项选择题(每小题2分，共l0分)1绩效审计的要点是(BCD )。A项目的合法性B计划和输入的经济性C过程的效率性D结果的效果性2当前影响行政监察职能发挥的问题主要是(ABD )。A行政监察的组织机制和工作机制不健全B行政监察立法难以适应行政监察工作的现实需要C行政监察缺乏统一领导D着力事后监督较多，着力事前与事中监督不够3我国的监督体系包括以下方面(ABCD )。A人太监督 B行政监督C司法监督 D政党监督4人民政协的民主监督是(ABCD )。A政协组织的一项重要职能B中国共产党重要的外部监督C推进社
14、会主义民主政治的重要形式D国家宪法赋予的神圣职责5舆论监督的功能包括(ABD )。A导向功能B监视功能C促进功能D威慑功能四、简答题(每小题l0分。共30分)1简述监督思想、监督理论、监督实践之间的关系。监督思想是人们在监督实践中，通过对监督活动的观察和思维而产生的有关监督活动的主张与观点a(3分) 监督理论是监督思想不断完善的结果，是相关主张与观点经过长期联系实际的论证、推理、演绎、归纳之后所形成的对监督活动的基本解释和系统化的原理，可以用来解释并指导监督实践。(3分) 自从人类进入阶级社会，建立国家，行使具有强制力的权力开始；就产生了监督。人类不同的发展阶段基于不同的经济基础、政治制度以及
15、社会文化等因素，形成了不同的监督思想，建立了不同的监督理论。这些监督思想与理论从不同的角度对监督职能、目标与机制等方面做出了具体论述，对监督实践产生了重要的影响。(4分)2简述中国古代监察制度的特点。(1)中国古代监察官员品秩较低，但权力显赫，地位尊崇。(2分) (2)强有力的手段是监察职权充分发挥的重要保障。(2分) (3)监察机关垂直领导体制为监察职权的发挥减少了障碍。(2分) (4)中国古代的监察职权缺少法律的有效保障，最后决定权在于皇帝。(2分) (5)既严厉处罚诬告又允许根据传闻进行弹劾。(1分) (6)监察权和行政权的混淆影响了监察效率。(1分)3简述各级人民代表大会常务委员会监督
16、法的立法创新。(1)进一步明确和细化了人大常委会监督的主体、对象、内容、范围和形式。 (2)创设了各级人大听取和审议专项工作报告制度。(2分) (3)确立了各级人大审查和撤销下级人大及同级政府的决议、决定和命令的监督制度。 (4)建立了全国人大对两院司法解释的违法审查机制。(2分) (5)首次明确人大行使监督权的公开原则。(2分)五、论述题(每小题20分，共40分)1试述领导干部任职回避、交流和职务任期制度。(1)党政领导干部任职回避制度。党政领导干部任职回避制度是指为保证党政领导干部公正廉洁地履行职责，防止利用职权为自己或亲属谋求利益，而对其所任职务、执行公务和任职地区等方面作出限制性规定，
17、减少因亲属关系等人为因素干扰工作的制度。党政领导干部任职回避的情形主要有两种：一是亲属回避。二是地域回避。(7分) (2)完善党政领导干部交流制度。党政领导干部交流制度，是指党政领导机关根据工作需要，变换党政领导干部工作岗位的制度。交流的对象主要是以下几种：一是需要通过交流丰富领导经验、提高领导水平的。二是在一个地方或部门工作时间较长的。三是按照有关规定需要回避的。四是因工作需要、改善领导班子结构、发挥干部特长及其他原因需要交流的。 (3)领导干部职务任期制。领导干部职务任期制，是指规定干部在领导职位的任职届(期)数和任职年限，任职期满后必须退出现岗位、转任其他职务或免去现任领导职务的制度。2
18、试述人大监督的基本原则。2-审判机关的审判监督是指人民法院通过行使审判权，在个案中对其他国家机关及其工作人员是否依法行使职权进行的监督以及上级人民法院对下级人民法院审判工作的监督。审判监督的法律依据是宪法、人民法院组织法、行政诉讼法等法律的看关规定。(5分) 审判机关的监督主要包括刑事审判监督和行政审判监督。另外，还包括法院的内部监督，其中主要是审级监督制度。(3分) 、 审判监督的主要特征是： (1)审判机关人民法院依照法律规定独立行使审判权，不受行政机关、社会团体和个人的干涉。(4分) (2)最高人民法院监督地方各级人民法院和专门人民法院的审判工作，上级人民法院监督下级人民法院的审判工作。
19、(4分) (3)除法院自身的监督外，法院主要通过刑事案件与行政诉讼案件的审理对行政机关进行监督。(分)请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2016年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Basketball can make a true claim to being the only major sport that is an American invention. From high school to the professional level, basketball attracts a large following for live games as
20、 well as television coverage of events like the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) annual tournament and the National Basketball Association (NBA) and Womens National Basketball Association (WNBA) playoffs. And it has also made American heroes out of its player and coach legends like Mi
21、chael Jordan, Larry Bird, Earvin Magic Johnson, Sheryl Swoopes, and other great players. At the heart of the game is the playing space and the equipment. The space is a rectangular, indoor court. The principal pieces of equipment are the two elevated baskets, one at each end (in the long direction)
22、of the court, and the basketball itself. The ball is spherical in shape and is inflated. Basket-balls range in size from 28.5-30 in (72-76 cm) in circumference, and in weight from 18-22 oz (510-624 g). For players below the high school level, a smaller ball is used, but the ball in mens games measur
23、es 29.5-30 in (75-76 cm) in circumference, and a womens ball is 28.5-29 in (72-74 cm) in circumference. The covering of the ball is leather, rubber, composition, or synthetic, although leather covers only are dictated by rules for college play, unless the teams agree otherwise. Orange is the regulat
24、ion color. At all levels of play, the home team provides the ball. Inflation of the ball is based on the height of the balls bounce. Inside the covering or casing, a rubber bladder holds air. The ball must be inflated to a pressure sufficient to make it rebound to a height (measured to the top of th
25、e ball) of 49-54 in (1.2-1.4 m) when it is dropped on a solid wooden floor from a starting height of 6 ft (1.80 m) measured from the bottom of the ball. The factory must test the balls, and the air pressure that makes the ball legal in keeping with the bounce test is stamped on the ball. During the
26、intensity of high school and college tourneys and the professional playoffs, this inflated sphere commands considerable attention. Basketball is one of few sports with a known date of birth. On December 1, 1891, in Springfield, Massachusetts, James Naismith hung two half-bushel peach baskets at the
27、opposite ends of a gymnasium and out-lined 13 rules based on five principles to his students at the International Training School of the Young Mens Christian Association (YMCA), which later became Springfield College. Naismith (1861-1939) was a physical education teacher who was seeking a team sport
28、 with limited physical contact but a lot of running, jumping, shooting, and the hand-eye coordination required in handling a ball. The peach baskets he hung as goals gave the sport the name of basketball. His students were excited about the game, and Christmas vacation gave them the chance to tell t
29、heir friends and people at their local YMCAs about the game. The association leaders wrote to Naismith asking for copies of the rules, and they were published in the Triangle, the school newspaper, on January 15,1892. Naismiths five basic principles center on the ball, which was described as large,
30、light, and handled with the hands. Players could not move the ball by running alone, and none of the players was restricted against handling the ball. The playing area was also open to all players, but there was to be no physical contact between players; the ball was the objective. To score, the bal
31、l had to be shot through a horizontal, elevated goal. The team with the most points at the end of an allotted time period wins. Early in the history of basketball, the local YMCAs provided the gymnasiums, and membership in the organization grew rapidly. The size of the local gym dictated the number
32、of players; smaller gyms used five players on a side, and the larger gyms allowed seven to nine. The team size became generally established as five in 1895, and, in 1897, this was made formal in the rules. The YMCA lost interest in supporting the game because 10-20 basketball players monopolized a g
33、ymnasium previously used by many more in a variety of activities. YMCA membership dropped, and basketball enthusiasts played in local halls. This led to the building of basketball gymnasiums at schools and colleges and also to the formation of professional leagues. Although basketball was born in th
34、e United States, five of Naismiths original players were Canadians, and the game spread to Canada immediately. It was played in France by 1893; England in 1894; Australia, China, and India between 1895 and 1900; and Japan in 1900. From 1891 through 1893, a soccer ball was used to play basketball. Th
35、e first basketball was manufactured in 1894. It was 32 in (81 cm) in circumference, or about 4 in (10 cm) larger than a soccer ball. The dedicated basketball was made of laced leather and weighed less than 20 oz (567 g). The first molded ball that eliminated the need for laces was introduced in 1948
36、; its construction and size of 30 in (76 cm) were ruled official in 1949. The rule-setters came from several groups early in the 1900s. Colleges and universities established their rules committees in 1905, the YMCA and the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) created a set of rules jointly, state militia gr
37、oups abided by a shared set of rules, and there were two professional sets of rules. A Joint Rules Committee for colleges, the AAU, and the YMCA was created in 1915, and, under the name the National Basketball Committee (NBC) made rules for amateur play until 1979. In that year, the National Federat
38、ion of State High School Associations began governing the sport at the high school level, and the NCAA Rules Committee assumed rule-making responsibilities for junior colleges, colleges, and the Armed Forces, with a similar committee holding jurisdiction over womens basketball. Until World War II, b
39、asketball became increasingly popular in the United States especially at the high school and college levels. After World War II, its popularity grew around the world. In the 1980s, interest in the game truly exploded because of television exposure. Broadcast of the NCAA Championship Games began in 1
40、963, and, by the 1980s, cable television was carrying regular season college games and even high school championships in some states. Players like Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain, and Lew Alcindor (Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) became nationally famous at the college level and carried their fans along in thei
41、r professional basketball careers. The womens game changed radically in 1971 when separate rules for women were modified to more closely resemble the mens game. Television interest followed the women as well with broadcast of NCAA championship tourneys beginning in the early 1980s and the formation
42、of the WNBA in 1997. Internationally, Italy has probably become the leading basketball nation outside of the United States, with national, corporate, and professional teams. The Olympics boosts basketball internationally and has also spurred the womens game by recognizing it as an Olympic event in 1
43、976. Again, television coverage of the Olympics has been exceptionally important in drawing attention to international teams. The first professional mens basketball league in the United States was the National Basketball League (NBL), which debuted in 1898. Players were paid on a per-game basis, and
44、 this league and others were hurt by the poor quality of games and the ever-changing players on a team. After the Great Depression, a new NBL was organized in 1937, and the Basketball Association of America was organized in 1946. The two leagues came to agree that players had to be assigned to teams
45、 on a contract basis and that high standards had to govern the game; under these premises, the two joined to form the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1949. A rival American Basketball Association (ABA) was inaugurated in 1967 and challenged the NBA for college talent and market share for al
46、most ten years. In 1976, this league disbanded, but four of its teams remained as NBA teams. Unification came just in time for major television support. Several womens professional leagues were attempted and failed, including the Womens Professional Basketball League (WBL) and the Womens World Baske
47、tball Association, before the WNBA debuted in 1997 with the support of the NBA. James Naismith, originally from Al-monte, Ontario, invented basketball at the International YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1891. The game was first played with peach baskets (hence the name) and a soccer ball and was intended to provide indoor exercise for football players. As a result, it was originally a rough sport. Although ten of Naismiths original thirteen rules remain, the game