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1、第九节情态动词 情态动词本身有一定词义，但是不能单独使用，要与实义动词连用，一起构成谓语。 情态动词主要用法归纳如下： 一 表示“许可、允许”意思的情态动词can、 may、 could和 might - May I smoke here? 我可以在这里抽烟吗？ - Y es, of course, you may. (I d rather you didnt. I m afraid not. ) 行，当然，你可以抽。 （我 宁愿你别抽 恐怕不行。） May I come in? 我可以进来吗？ This kind of things cant happen again. 不允许这类事情再发生
2、。 You cant stay here without permission. 未经许可，不许你呆在这里。 【体验高考1】 - _I take the book out? (2010 四川 ) - I m afraid not. A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need 为了表示语气委婉、客气，用could和 might。回答时不用could - Could I use your bike? 我可以用一用你的自行车吗？ - Yes, you can. Here is the key. Help yourself. 可以。给你钥匙，自己去取吧。 二表示“征求听话者意见或请求
3、指示”的情态动词 shall 用于第一人称和第三人称，will 用于第二人称 Shall I try it a second time ？ 要我再试一次吗？ What shall we drink ？我们喝点什么？ Shall he come tomorrow ？ 明天他还得来吗？ Shall the students come in or wait outside？ 让学生们进来还是在外边等着？ If you want further help, let me know, will you? 如果你还需要帮助，请告诉我。 Will you please help me with my Eng
4、lish ？请你帮助我学英语可以吗？ 【体验高考2】 1. - Whats the name? (200 6 全国 ) - Khulaifi . _ I spell that for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might 2. When you ve finished with that book, don t forget to put it back on the shelf, _? 2007北 京 A. do you B. don t you C. will you D. won t you 三关于含有情态动词问句的回答 1）回答 must nee
5、d 的问句，肯定回答用must，否定用need not dont have to - Must we hand in our compositions after class ？ 我们下课后必须交作文吗？ - Yes, you must.是的，你们必须下课就交。 - Need I go there in person ? 有必要我亲自去吗？ - Yes, you must. (No, you neednt you don t have to.) 是的，你必须亲自去。 （不用，你不 必亲自去。） 【 体验高考 3】 - Must he come to sign this paper himsel
6、f ? (2006广东 ) - Yes, he _. A. need B. must C. may D. will 2）回答 may 的问句时，肯定回答用may或 yes, please certainly surely 等；否定回 答用 mustn t cant may not（语气强弱不同） - May I smoke here ? 我可以在此抽烟吗？ - No, you mustn t. youd better not. please don t. (Yes, you may. Yes, please. ) 不行， 不 允许你抽 不行，你最好别抽 不行，请不要抽。 （行，你抽吧） 四表示
7、“推测”意思的情态动词must、 may、 might、 can、 will、should 1） must 用于肯定句，表示有把握的肯定推测，可译为“一定 ，肯定 ” 。 must 这个用法常用三种形式： must do 现在肯定做 must be doing 现在肯定正在做 must have done 过去肯定已经做 - Look. A person is walking ahead. 瞧。前面一个人在走 - It must be Tom. I have recognized him. 肯定是汤姆。我认出他来了 He isn t at work ; he must stay at home
8、. 他不在上班。他肯定在家里。 Hurry up! They must be waiting for us. 快点！他们肯定在等我们呢。 Your son passed the examination. He must have made full preparations. 你儿子通过考试了。 他肯定做了充分准备。 【 体验高考 4】 1. “You _ have a wrong number, ” she said. “ Theres no one of that name here.” (2010浙江 ). A. need B. can C. must D. would 2. - Goo
9、d morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. - Ah, good morning. You _ be Mrs. Peters. (2010北京 ) A. might B. must C. would D. can 3. Jack described his father, who _ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man. (2010 安徽 ) A. would be B. would have been C. mus
10、t be D. must have been 2）can could 用于否定句，表示有把握的否定推测，可译为“不可能 ” ，can 的这 个用法常用三种形式： can t do sth. 现在不可能做 can t be doing sth. 现在不可能正在做 can t have done sth. 现在不可能已经做过 couldn t have done sth. 过去不可能已经做过 - It is said that Xiao Wang has gone abroad. 据说小王已经出国了。 - It cant be true. I saw him just now. 不可能。刚才我还看
11、见他来着。 He cant be working , for it is already 12 oclock. 十二点了，他不可能在工作。 They started off just now ; they cant have arrived there now. 他们刚刚走，这会儿不可能已 经到了那里。 Tom could not have attended the meeting yesterday ; I didnt see him then. 汤姆昨天不可能 参加会议，开会时我没看见他。 can could 也可以用于问句，表示疑问，可译为“能 ？” Here is a wallet.
12、Whose can it be? 这儿有个钱包。能是谁的呢？ Can Peter attend the meeting today? 皮特今天能出席会议吗？ 【 体验高考 5】 1. My MP4 player isn t in my bag. Where _ I have put it? 2007 福建 A. can B. must C. should D. would 2. She _ have left school, for her bike is still here. (2008天津 ) A. can t B. wouldn t C. shouldnt D. needn t 3.
13、It _ be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock. (2011江西 ) A. mustn t B. can t C. won t D. needn t 4. - How s your new babysitter? (2011浙江 ) - We _ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt 3） may 用于肯定或者否定句，表示把握不大的推测，可译为“可能（不）” might 表示把握更小的的推测
14、，可译为“可能（不）” 。may 的这种用法常用四种 形式： may do sth. 现在可能做 may be doing sth. 现在可能正在做 may have done sth. 现在可能已经做过 might have done sth. 过去可能已经做过 1）- Look! A man is walking ahead. Who can it be? 瞧，前面有个人在走。 - It may be Peter. But I am not sure. 可能更是汤姆，但是我不敢确定。 2）- What do you think the children are doing? 你觉得孩子们这
15、会儿在干什么？ - They may be singing and dancing, I think. 我想他们可能在唱歌跳舞。 3）They started off two hours ago. They may have arrived there now. 他们两个小时之前出发 的。现可能已经到了那里。 【体验高考6】 1. Some people who don t like to talk much are not necessarily shy ; they _ just be quiet people. (2009 安徽 ) A. must B. may C. should D.
16、 would 2. The traffic is heavy these days. I _ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? (2009辽 宁 ) A. can B. must C. need D. might 3. - I left my handbag on the train. But luckily someone gave it to a railway official. (2011江苏 ) - How unbelievable to get it back! I mean someone _ it. A. will
17、 have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 4. - I don t really like James. Why did you invite him? (2011北京 ) - Dont worry . He _ come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not 4） should表示不肯定，留有余地的推测，意为“按道理应该，估计 ”
18、 - When shall I come for the photo? 我什么时候来取相片？ - It should be developed at 12 oclock. 按说十二点就该洗好。 【体验高考7】 1. There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. (2005上海 ) A. mustn t B. shan t C. shouldnt D. needn t 2. - How s y our tour around t
19、he North Lake? Is it beautiful? (2009全国 ) - It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A. will B. would C. should D. must 3. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _ be twelve? (2009 全国 ) A. should B. would C. will D. shall 5） will 表示百分之百的肯定，并有将来的意思 You are his only son ; all his property
20、 will come to you of course. 你是他唯一的儿子，他的全 部财产肯定会归你。 Since I have promised you, I will keep my word. 既然我已经答应了你，我肯定会遵守诺言。 五情态动词与完成时连用表示“本来已经 ”(但与事实相反 ) 1） should ought to have done something 本应该已经做过而事实上没有做 should not ought not to have done something 本不该做而事实上却做了 You should have worked harder, but you d
21、idnt. 你本该更努力学习，可是你却没有。 I am regretting now. I should not have told him about it. 我真后悔。那事我不该告诉他来着。 【 体验高考 8】 1. - Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday. (2010上海 ) - Oh, you _ have done it as it was yesterday that was the deadline. A. must B. mustn t C. should D. shouldnt 2.
22、I _ have watched that movie - it ll give me horrible dreams. (2010 山东) A. shouldn t B. needn t C. couldn t D. mustn t 3. They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. (2011全国 ) A. will B. can C. must D. should 2） could have done 过去本来能够过而事实上却没能做到 He could have passed this exam, but h
23、e was too careless. 考试他本来能过，但太粗心。 【体验高考9】 1. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently. (2009江苏 ) A could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed 2. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don t think we _ it without you. (2008山东 ) A
24、. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed 3） neednt have done 表示本来没有必要做过，但是事实上已经做了 I neednt have got there so early because she didnt come until 10. 我本不必要去那么早，因为 直到 10 点她才来。（虽然没必要，但实际上我很早就到了） You neednt have bought the fruit, because I bought some yesterday . 你本来不必要买这些水
25、果，我昨天已经买了一些。 【体验高考10】 1. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. (2006 江西 ) A. should have taken B. could have taken C. neednt have taken D. mustnt have taken 2. Mark _ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. (2010天津
26、 ) A. needn t B. wouldn t C. mustn t D. couldnt 注： didnt need to 表示过去没有必要做某事，实际上也没有做某事 I didnt need to get up early this morning, so I stayed in bed until 9 am. 我今天早晨没必要早 起，所以我一直睡到上午9 点。 (实际上我也没早起) It was an informal party, so I didnt need to wear a suit. 那是个非正式的派对，所以我没有必 要穿礼服。（实际上我也没穿礼服） 4） would l
27、ike to have done原本打算做 事实上没做成 would rather (not) have done宁愿（没）做而事实上做了（没做） I would like to have attended your wedding, but I had an unexpected visitor. 我原打算去参加 你的婚礼，但是却来了客人。 He let out my secret and I would rather not have told him about it. 他泄漏了我的秘密。宁愿 我没把那件事告诉他。 六情态动词与进行时连用表示“本来正在 ” should ought to
28、 be doing sth. 本来应该正在做而事实上没有做 should not ought not to be doing sth. 本不该正在做而事实上却在做 need not be doing sth. 本不必要正在做而事实上却在做 You should be working at your lessons this time of the day, but you are playing the game. 这个 时间你该在做功课，可是你却在玩游戏。 Granny, you neednt be doing this for me. I can do it myself. 奶奶，你没有必
29、要为我做这个， 我自己能做。 【体验高考11】 - Turn off the TV , Jack. _ your homework now? 2007辽宁 - Mum, just ten more minutes, please. A. Should you be doing B. Shouldnt you be doing C. Couldnt you be doing D. Will you be doing 注：1 mustn t 意为“不允许（主语）做， （主语）千万别做” You mustnt play with a knife ; you may hurt yourself. 别玩
30、刀，你会伤着自己的。 The students mustn t leave the school without permission. 没有许可学生不许离校。 【体验高考12】 1. - May I take this book out of the reading room? (2010陕西 ) - No, you _ . You read it in here. A. mightntB. won tC. needntD. mustn t 2. You _ park here! It s an emergency exit. (2010重庆 ) A. wouldn t B. needn t
31、 C. couldn t D. mustn t 2shall 可用于第二、三人称，表示“允诺、命令、警告、强制、决心”等意思，shall 不可以缩写 If you work hard you shall get a rise. 如果你好好干 , 你会得到升迁。 You shall finish your work before daybreak. 你们必须在天亮前干完活。 He shall answer for what he is doing now. 他会因今天的行为得到报应的。 Nobody shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 没人能阻止我
32、们进行这个计划。 【 体验高考 13】 1. - I haven t got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. - Dont worry . You _ have it by Friday. (2010江苏) A. could B. shall C. must D. may 2. - What does the sign over there read? 2007 四川 - “No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or
33、 pipe in this area.” A. will B. may C. shall D. must 3.- Will you read me a story, Mummy? (2011陕西 ) - Ok. Y ou _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A. might B. must C. could D. shall shall 还可用在法律、条约、协定、规定等文件中表示“强制、义务、规定”等 According to the law, half of his money shall be given to the city
34、 of V enice. 根据法律，他一半 的钱必须交给威尼斯城。 The new regulation shall take effect on May the first. 新章程自五月一日起实施。 3 will、 would、 used to do 的用法 1) will 表示现在的习惯和倾向 Some birds will fly to the south for winter. 有些鸟总是飞往南方过冬。 I will go out for a walk after supper. 晚饭后我总是出去散步。 2) would 表示“过去的习惯动作，现在可能仍然如此” Whenever I
35、 had trouble, I would go to him for help. 每当我遇到麻烦时，我总是向他寻求帮 助。 She would get up early every morning when she was in the countryside. 在乡下时她每天都起 床早。 3) used to do 表示“过去的习惯动作或状态，但现在已不那样了” He used to smoke, but he has given it up. 他过去吸烟，但是现在已经戒了。 Used he to visit you when he stayed here？ 他在这里时经常来看你吗？ I
36、didnt use to like opera , but now Im getting interested. 我过去不喜欢歌剧，但现在逐渐有 了兴趣。 4 will would 还可以表示“意愿” ，同时也有将来的意思 No one will be laughed at in public. 没有人愿意被当众取笑。 If you will listen, I will give you some advice. 如你愿意听，我就给你提点意见。 【 体验高考 14】 1. - Write to me when you get home. (2001春) - _. A. I must B. I
37、 should C. I will D. I can 2. - Why didn t you come to Simons party last night? (2011重庆 ) - I want to, but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night. A. could B. might C. would D. should 5 must 有一种用法，意为“偏要，非得” 。表示说话人对句子主语所发出的动作或 行为是不希望的、不满的甚至是生气的。通常指令人不愉快的事情 If you must smoke, at least you sho
38、uld use an ashtray. 如果你非得抽烟，至少你应该使用烟灰 缸。 - Must you make so much noise? 你非得这么大吵大闹吗？ - I am sorry. I will take care not to. 对不起，我会小心的。 Why must you live in this small house when you could move into a large one? 你既然可以搬 到大房子去住，为什么非得住这个小的呢? 【体验高考15】 1. I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it? (
39、2010年江西 ) A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will 2. If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over. ( 2011辽宁) A. can B. may C. must D. will 3. If you _ smoke, please go out. (2011 全国二 ) A. can B. should C. must D. may 6 must 的另外一个用法，意为“不巧，偏偏 ” ，含有无可奈何之意(一般表示过 去的情况 ) When I was busy, the neighbour must co
40、me and chat.我正忙着，邻居偏偏来聊天。 Just when we were about to go for an outing, our baby must fall ill.我们刚要动身去郊游，我 们的孩子不巧生病了。 7 must 和 have to 都有“必须”的意思。 must 往往表示的是“主观上的必须”， 而 have to 表示的是“客观上的必须”。但是有时是很难分清楚 I must work hard at my lessons. 我必须努力学习功课。 （自己主观上想学习） I have to work hard at my lessons. 我不得不努力学习功课。
41、（外部压力不得不学习） It s too late. I must have to leave at once. 天太晚了，我得马上走了。 【体验高考16】 1. - It s the office! So you _ know eating is not allowed here. (2009湖南 ) - Oh, sorry. A. must B. will C. may D. need 2. You _ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. (2010湖南 ) A. must B. mustn tC. have to D. don t have t
42、o 3. - Shall I inform him of the changes of the schedule right now？(2011 福建 ) - I am afraid you _, in case he comes late for the meeting. A. will B. must C. may D. can 8 should可以表示惊异、遗憾等情绪，可译为“竟然会” It seems unfair that this should happen to me. 这事竟然 发生在我身上，好像不公平。 It is strange that he should act lik
43、e that.他竟会 这样的举动，真奇怪。 It is surprising that heshouldnt have invited Rose, his devoted friend. 他竟 没邀请他的好朋 友罗丝，真让人吃惊。 【 体验高考 17】 You can t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. (2001 上海 ) A. might B. need C. should D. would 9 should 在条件状语从句中，意为“万一”，主句不一定用虚拟语气 Ask Tom to ring me
44、 up if you should see him. 万一你见着汤姆，告诉他给我电话。 【体验高考18】 This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. (2009 天津 ) A. will B. would C. should D. must 10 can 与 be able to can 只能用于两种时态，一般现在时和一般过去时，意为“有能力”， be able to可用 于多种时态。 表示“经过努力并成功地做到了”时，
45、只能用be able to 。这种用法的be able to 相当于 try and succeed in doing sth.或 manage to do sth. Though the house was on fire, everyone was able to get out of it.尽管那房子着火了，但是所 有人还是都逃出来了。 The pilot was badly hurt but he was able to land the plane safely. 那个飞行员伤得很厉害，但 他还是将飞机安全着陆了。 【体验高考19】 1.The biggest problem for
46、 most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. 2007湖南 A. shan t B. can t C. needn t D. mustn t 2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. (1997) A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 3. - No one _ be compared with
47、 Y ao Ming in playing basketball. (2011湖南 ) - Oh, you are really his big fan. A. can B. need C. must D. might 11 need与 dare 可以用作情态动词也可以用作实义动词 1) need作情态动词多用于否定句、问句。need没有过去式 We neednt hurry. = We dont need to hurry. 我们不必着急。 I dont think you need take it too seriously. 我认为你没必要对此事过于较真。 Need we set off
48、 so soon? = Do we need to set off so soon? 我们必要这么早动身？ 【体验高考20】 1. The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we _ go to work tomorrow. 2007上海 A. can tB. mustn t C. needn t D. shouldnt 2. I _ worry about my weekend I always have my plans ready before it comes. (2011 上海 ) A. can tB. mustntC. darentD. needn t 2) dare作