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1、341 messmessmessmessmicroscopic microscopicmicroscopicmicroscopic M TeachingTeachingTeachingTeaching andandandand learninglearninglearninglearning（完型）（完型）52525252 Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors exp
2、ect students to be familiar with the informationinformationinformationinformation in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The idealidealidealideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learninglearninglearninglearning, , , ,
3、not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned withwithwithwith brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is responsibleresponsibleresponsibleresponsible for learning the material assigned. When research is assignedassig
4、nedassignedassigned, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it withminimumminimumminimumminimumguidance.Itisthestudents responsibilitytofindbooks,magazines,and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain howhowhowhow a university library works;
5、theyexpectstudentsparticularlyparticularlyparticularlyparticularlygraduate students to exhaust the reference sourcessourcessourcessources in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but preferpreferpreferprefer that their students should not be tootootootoo dependentonthem.IntheUnited
6、Stats professorshavemanyotherdutiesbesidesbesidesbesidesbesides teaching，such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limitedlimitedlimitedlimited. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either a
7、pproachapproachapproachapproach a professor during office hours or make an appointment. TheTheTheThe DifferenceDifferenceDifferenceDifference betweenbetweenbetweenbetween ManManManMan andandandand ComputerComputerComputerComputer Whatmakespeopledifferentfrom computer programs?What is the missing ele
8、ment that our theories dont yet accountaccountaccountaccount for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason:tolearnmoreaboutwhatwhatwhatwhattheyare interested in. Computers, on the other hand，dont. In fact，computers dont eveneveneveneven have interests; there is nothing in par
9、ticular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer programprogramprogramprogram is to be a model of story understanding，it should also read for a “purpose“. Of course，people have several goals that do not make sensesensesensesense to attribute to computers. One might read a resta
10、urant guide inin inin order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to findfindfindfind a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches. However ， these physiological and social goals give riseriseriserise to several intellectual
11、or cognitive goals.Agoal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find informationinformationinformationinformation about the name of a restaurant which servesservesservesserves the desired type of food ， how expensive the restaurant is ， the location of the restaurant,etc.Thesearegoalstoacquireacqu
12、ireacquireacquire information or knowledge, what we are calling learninglearninglearninglearning goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer mightmightmightmight “want“ to find out the location of a restaurant，and read a guide in order to do so inin inin the same way as a person migh
13、t. While such a goal would not arisearisearisearise out of hunger in the case of the computer，it might well arise out of the “goal“ to learn more about restaurants. TheTheTheThe FirstFirstFirstFirst BicycleBicycleBicycleBicycle The history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years. In 1791， Count
14、 de Sivrac delighteddelighteddelighteddelighted onlookers in a park in Paris as he showed off his two-wheeled invention ， a machine called the celerifer. It was basically an enlargedenlargedenlargedenlarged version of a childrenstoy which had been in useuseuseuse for many years. Sivracs “celerifer h
15、ad a wooden frame ， made in the shapeshapeshapeshape of a horse，which was mounted on a wheel at either end. To ride it，you sat on a small seat，just like a modem bicycle，and pushed hardhardhardhard against the groundgroundgroundground with your legsthere were no pedals. It was impossible to steer a c
16、elerifer and it had no brakes，but despite these problems the invention very much appealedappealedappealedappealed to the fashionable young men of Paris. Soon they were holdingholdingholdingholding races up and down the streets. Minor injuriesinjuriesinjuriesinjuries were common as riders attempted a
17、 final burst of speedspeedspeedspeed. Controlling the machine was difficult，as the only way to change directiondirectiondirectiondirectionwastopullupthefrontofthe “celerifer“and turnturnturnturn it round while the front wheel was spinningspinningspinningspinning in the air. “Celerifers“ were not pop
18、ular for long，however，as the combinationcombinationcombinationcombination of no springs ， no steering and rough roads made riding them very uncomfortable. Even so ， the wooden celerifer was the originoriginoriginorigin of the modem bicycle. WorkingWorkingWorkingWorking MothersMothersMothersMothers C
19、arefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems， compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal viewviewviewview is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish.Whetherwe like it or not ，there
20、 are a numbernumbernumbernumber of mothers who just have to work There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot affordaffordaffordafford see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic necessity.necessity.necessity.neces
21、sity. Many mothers are not cutcutcutcut out to be full-time parents.After a few months at home with a much loved infant ，they feel trapped and isolated. There are a number of options when it comescomescomescomes to choosing childcare. These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or t
22、hekindladyacrossacrossacrossacrossthestreet.InInInInrealityrealityrealityreality, however， many parents dont have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No mattermattermattermatter how good the childcare may be，some children are going to protest wildly if they are left.
23、Thisisaperfectlyperfectlyperfectlyperfectlynormalstageofchild development. Babies separate well in the first six months，but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family membersmembersmembersmembers. Make sure that in the first week you allow plentyplentyplentyplenty ofof ofof ti
24、me to help your child settle in. Allchildrenaredifferent.Someare independent ，while others are more attachedattachedattachedattached to their mothers.Remember that if you want to dodododo 342 messmessmessmessmicroscopic microscopicmicroscopicmicroscopic M the best for your children，its not the quant
25、ity of time you spend with them， its the qualityqualityqualityquality that matters. TheTheTheThe FamilyFamilyFamilyFamily（阅读预备）（阅读预备） The structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. 1.Another good title for this passage would be What Makes a Family? 2.A
26、nuclear family is defined as a married couple with their minor children 3.The information in this passage would most likely be found in an anthropology textbook 4.The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through pointing out similarities 5.The word mobility means readiness to move
27、TalesTalesTalesTales ofof ofof thethethethe TerribleTerribleTerribleTerrible PastPastPastPast It is not the job of fiction writers to analyze and interpret history. 1. This passage is mostly about two novels that deal with slavery 2.Belovedis set in Ohio after the Civil War 3. The writer seems to fe
28、el that the books are worthwhile but challenging 4. The writer emphasizes that the two books are similar in their portrayal of violence 5. The word appalling means terrible SeeingSeeingSeeingSeeing thethethethe WorldWorldWorldWorld CenturiesCenturiesCenturiesCenturiesAgoAgoAgoAgo If you enjoy lookin
29、g through travel books by suchfamiliarauthorsas ArthurFrommeror Eugene Fodor， 1. This passage is mostly about where three early travel writers went and wrote about 2. Ibn Battutah traveled throughout the Muslim world 3. The books of the three writers were popular because they told of strange and exo
30、tic locales 4. The overall organization of this passage is through chronological order 5. In this passage attest means to give proof of “ “ “ “LuckyLuckyLuckyLucky” ” ” ” LordLordLordLord LucanLucanLucanLucan - - - -AliveAliveAliveAlive orororor DeadDeadDeadDead On 8th November 1974 Lord Lucan ， a B
31、ritish aristocrat，vanished. 1.Thepublicarestillinterestedinthe investigation because Lord Lucan has never been found 2.It is thought that Lucan killed the nanny because it was dark and he thought she was Lady Lucan 3.Aspinall thought Lucan killed himself by sinking his boat 4.Lucan could have been k
32、illed because people thought he might talk to the police about them if he was caught 5.Ex-detective MacLaughlin claimed that Mr Barry Haplin was really Lord Lucan in disguise TheTheTheThe TravelsTravelsTravelsTravels ofof ofof IbnIbnIbnIbn BattutaBattutaBattutaBattuta “I left Tangier, my birthplace,
33、 1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?The adventures of Ibn Battuta. 2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to set offfor in line 5? left to go to. 3. The Sultan of Delhi gave Ibn Battuta a position of judge because Ibn Battuta had studied in Mecca. 4. Which of the following would the writer of th
34、is passage most likely agree with? Ibn Battuta should be better known in the West today. 5. Why did Ibn Battuta finally return to his home? The Sultan of Morocco asked him to return. SarkSarkSarkSark Attack!Attack!Attack!Attack! Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard, 1. After Craig Rogers fell i
35、nto the water, the shark.swam away. 2. It is difficult for the author to understand why great whites often let humans escape 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to make up, in line 2 of paragraph 4? Are 4. The wordtheirin line 2 of paragraph 4 means great whites. 5. What is the main idea
36、 of the fourth paragraph? We now know great whites dont mistake humans for other animals. TellingTellingTellingTelling TalesTalesTalesTales aboutaboutaboutabout PeoplePeoplePeoplePeople（阅读预备）（阅读预备） One of the most common types of nonfiction, 1.Thispassageismostlyaboutthe characteristics of autobiogr
37、aphies，memoirs，and biographies. 2. Helen Keller wrote an autobiography. 3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they want to present themselves in a good light. 4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by defining it. 5. Diverse means varied or different _. A. able to
38、swim in deep waterB. similar or alikeC. varied or differentD. enjoying poetry A A A ALetterLetterLetterLetter fromfromfromfrom AlanAlanAlanAlan I have learnt of a plan to build three hundred houses on the land called Parsons Place 1. Why has Alan written this letter? To inform other people about the
39、 builders plans. 2. Why is Parsons Place particularly important，in Alans opinion? Because it is a place near the town where people can enjoy nature. 3.What will cause traffic jams?Abuilding on Parsons Place. 4.Alan says that ordinary people who live in the town will probably soon have less money. 5.
40、Which of these posters has Alan made? SAY NO TO HOUSES ON PARSON S PLACE TheTheTheThe DevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopment ofof ofof BalletBalletBalletBallet Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. 1. This passage deals mainly with the way ballet developed. 2.An important influence i
41、n early ballet was Louis XIV. 3.Youcan conclude from this passage that ballet will continue to change as new people and ideas influence it. 4.The information in this passage is presented in chronological order. 5. The word pageants means elaborate shows. TheTheTheThe SaharaSaharaSaharaSahara The nam
42、e Sahara derives from the Arabic word for “desert“ or “steppe“. 1.This passage is mostly about life in the Sahara. 343 messmessmessmessmicroscopic microscopicmicroscopicmicroscopic M 2.Rainfall in most of the Sahara is less than five inches per year. 3.The Sahara can be described as a place of contr
43、asts. 4.The phrase “an area roughly the size of the United States“ gives an indication of the size of the Sahara. 5.In this passage caravan means group traveling together through difficult country. EiffelEiffelEiffelEiffel Is Is Is Is anananan EyefulEyefulEyefulEyeful Some 300 meters up, near the Ei
44、ffel Towers wind-whipped summit the world comes to scribble 1.Why does the author think the Eiffel Tower is transformed into symbol of a world on the move? Tourists of all nationalities come to scribble on the cold iron of the tower. 2.What seems strange to the author? Visitors prefer wasting time s
45、cribbling to enjoying the view. 3.Which statement is NOT true of Hugues Richard? He climbed 747 steps up the tower in 19minutes and 4 seconds. 4. What did the builder use the Eiffel Tower for? Conducting research in various fields. 5. Which of the following is nearest in meaning to “(The Eiffel Towe
46、r is like) a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will? Visitors can imagine freely what the tower represents. GoalGoalGoalGoal ofof ofofAmericanAmericanAmericanAmerican EducationEducationEducationEducation Education is an enormous and expensive part of American life. Its size is matche
47、d by its variety. 1.Which of the following best states the goal of American education? To give every student the opportunity to fully develop his/her ability. 2.It is implied in the passage that the subjects every student takes may vary. 3.American schools place great emphasis on thelearnersacquisit
48、ion ofthe ability to be creative. 4.Accordingtothepassage,American education meets the needs of all the following EXCEPT the students from foreign countries. 5.Which of the following best states the feature of American education that makes it different from education in other countries? Its underlyi
49、ng goal to develop every childs abilities to the fullest extent. SpacingSpacingSpacingSpacing inin ininAnimalsAnimalsAnimalsAnimals Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees. “Flight distance“ is the terms used for this interspecies spacing. 1.Whichofthefollowingisthemost appropriatedefinitionofFlightDistance ？ Distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing. 2.If an animals critical distance is penetrated, it will begin to attack. 3.According to t