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1、2020 年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析 14 时态和语态（一） 动词的时态和语态是历年高考考查的重点之一。要学好时态和语态，首先要熟悉各种时态及其被动语态的构成 形式；其次要深刻理解各种时态所表达的意义。高考常考的时态及其被动语态见下表： 语态 时态 主 动语 态被动语态 一般现在时do/does am/is/are done 一般过去时did was/were done 现在进行时am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done 现在完成时have/has done have/has be
2、en done 过去完成时had done had been done 一般将来时will do will be done 过去将来时would do would be done 将来进行时will be doing will be being done 将来完成时will have done will have been done 现在完成进行时have/has been doing have/has been being done 过去完成进行时had been doing had been being done 考点一一般现在时 1. 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。 1. Eve
3、ry December Nobel Prizes _ to people who have made outstanding contributions to _ the world(2014 北京 ) Aaward Bare awarded Cawarded Dwere awarded 【答案】 B 【解析】由时间状语Every December 可知，应用一般现在时；Nobel Prizes与 award 是被动关系，故用被动语态。 2. Around two o clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It some
4、what _ us. (2013湖南 ) A. bothers B. had bothered C. would bother D. bothered 【答案】 B 【解析】由时间状语every night 可知，这里表示经常性的动作，故用一般现在时。 2. 现在的情况或状态 1. People _ better assess to health care than they used to, and they re living longer as a result. （ 2017 北京） A.will have B. have C. had D. had had 【答案】 B 【解析】与以
5、前相比较，是指现在的情况，应用一般现在时。 2. Planning so far ahead _ no sense so many things will have changed by next year. (2011 全国 I) A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made 【答案】 C 【解析】由句意“ 这么早就制定计划没有意义” 可知，这里说的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时。 3. 客观事实或哲理 1. He s been informed that he _for the scholarship because of his academic ba
6、ckground. (2017 江苏 ) A. hasn t qualified B. hadn t qualified C. doesn t qualify D. wasn t qualifying 【答案】 C 【解析】他被告知，由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。这里指客观事实，应用一般现在时。 2. “Life is like walking in the snow“, Granny used to say, “because every step . (2012 全国 I) A. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed 【答案】 C
7、【解析】解析：这里是生活哲理，应用一般现在时。 4. 日程安排，时刻表 1. So what is the procedure? (2013 北京 ) All the applicants _ before a final decision to be made by the authority. A. interview B. are interviewing C. are interviewed D. are being interviewed 【答案】 C 【解析】这里指日程安排，应用一般现在时；applicants 与 interview 是被动关系，应用被动语态。 2. A Mids
8、ummer Nights Dream _ at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland. (2013重庆 ) A. opens B. is opened C. will open D. will be opened 【答案】 A 【解析】 open 表示 “ 开放 ” ，是非延续性动词，不用被动语态；这里指剧院的日常安排，应用一般现在时。 5. 在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来 1. You d better write down her phone number before you _ it. (
9、2014重庆 ) A. forget B. are forgetting C. forgot D. will forget 【答案】 A 【解析】 before 引导时间状语从句，应用一般现在时表示将来。 2. If we _ now to protect the environment, we ll live to regret it. (2013全国 I) A. hadnt acted B. havent acted C. dont act D. wont act 【答案】 C 【解析】 if 引导条件状语从句，应用一般现在时表示将来。 考点二一般过去时 1. 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动
10、作或存在的状态，常与过去的具体时间状语连用。 1. Hi, I m Peter. Are you new here? I haven t seen you around?（2018北京） Hello, Peter. I m Bob. I just _ on Monday. A. start B. have started C. started D. had started 【答案】 C 【解析】由时间状语on Monday 可知，是从过去的这个周一开始的，应用一般过去时。 2. _ that company to see how they think of our product yester
11、day? (2017北京 ) Yes, they are happy with it. A.Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling 【答案】 A 【解析】由时间状语yesterday可知，应用一般过去时。 3. I m calling about the apartment you _ the other day. Could you tell me more about it? (2013 安徽 ) A. advertised B. had advertised C. are advertisi
12、ng D. will advertise 【答案】 A 【解析】由时间状语yesterday可知，应用一般过去时。 2. 过去某一段时间反复发生的动作或存在的状态 You speak very good French! Thanks. I _ French in Sichuan University for four years. (2009 四川 ) A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studied 【答案】 A 【解析】由句意可知，曾在四川大学学过四年法语。指过去一段时间反复发生的动作，用一般过去时。 3. 文中隐含过去的时间或含有时间对
13、比。 1. The real reason why prices _, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. (2015江苏 ) A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been 【答案】 A 【解析】由and still are 可知，这里是与过去相比较，故用一般过去时。 2. That must have been a long trip. Yeah, it _ us a whole wee
14、k to get there. (2011 北京 ) A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taken 【答案】 C 【解析】 must have been 表示对过去发生的事情的推测，所以这里谈论的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。 4. 两个过去的动作相对比，发生在前的用过去完成时，发生在后的用一般过去时。 1. A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith _ in love with the people and culture there. (2019江苏 ) A. would fall
15、 B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell 【答案】 D 【解析】句意：他到中国几个月后，就爱上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived动作之后，用一般过去时。 2. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _ working on his project. (2012山东 ) A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts 【答案】 C 【解析】主从句都表示过去的动作，从句动作发生在主句动作之前，从句用过去完成时，则主句用一般现在时。 5. 在 since引导的时间状语
16、从句中要用一般过去时。 The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _ on the market in 1973. (2010 重庆 ) A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes 【答案】 C 【解析】 since 引导的时间状语从句中，用一般过去时，主句用完成时。 6. 一般过去时代替过去完成时。在before 或 after 引导的时间状语从句中，发生在前的动作也可以用一般过去时来 代替过去完成时。 She _ her hairstyle in her hometown b
17、efore she came to Chongqing for a better job. （ 2014 重庆） A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. was changing 【答案】 C 【解析】 “ 变化 ” 这个动作发生在“ 来” 之前，用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 提示： 在高考命题中，有时考查瞬间的过去，这就要求考生能准确判断这个过去的时间。如： Excuse me. I _ I was blocking your way. (2010 全国 ) A. didn t realize B. don t realize C. have
18、n t realized D. wasn t realizing 【答案】 A 【解析】句意：对不起，我没注意挡了你的路。说话时已经注意到了，那么没注意到就是过去的事了，故应用一 般过去时。 巩固练习： 1. Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept 【答案】 A 【解析】这里指平时经常性的动作，故用
19、一般现在时。 2. My parents have promised to come to see me before I _ for Africa. A. have left B. leave C. left D. will leave 【答案】 B 【解析】 before 引导时间状语从句，且表示将来，应用一般现在时。 3. Unless some extra money _, the theatre will close. A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found 【答案】 C 【解析】 unless 引导条件状语从句，应用一般现在时表将来。
20、4. Every few years, the coal workers _ their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. (2010上海 ) A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had 【答案】 B 【解析】由时间状语every few years 可知，这里表示经常性的动作，故用一般现在时。 5. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he _. (2012北京 ) A. wouldn t B. didn
21、 tC. hasn tD. hadn t 【答案】 B 【解析】这里说的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。 6. The three of us _ around Europe for about a month last summer. (2012天津 ) A. traveled B. have traveled C. had traveled D. travel 【答案】 A 【解析】由时间状语last summer 可知，应用一般过去时。 7. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _ working on his project. (2012山东 ) A
22、. had started B. has started C. started D. starts 【答案】 A 【解析】 C 从句动作发生在主句动作之前，从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时。 8. Henry goes to a free class every Sunday afternoon which _ at 4 pm. A. is to start B. will start C. starts D. started 【答案】 C 【解析】这里指按时刻表安排发生的动作，应用一般现在时。 9. On Monday mornings it usually me an hour to d
23、rive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. A. will take B. is taking C. took D. takes 【答案】 D 【解析】由usually 可知，这里指一般性，经常性的动作，应用一般现在时。 10. Did you enjoy the party? Yes. We _ well by our hosts. A. treated B. were treated C. would be treated D. had treated 【答案】 B 【解析】问句用的是一般过去时，问的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。