中考英语总复习介词、连词(讲解+练习).pdf

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1、介词和连词 中考命题趋势 考纲解读 (介词和连词在近5年考试中的考查点) 1. 熟悉和掌握常用介词和连词的用法。 2. 了解和运用一些常见的介词短语及连词的使用方法。 3. 能正确区分并列连词和从属连词，并掌握其用法。 命题预测 1. 介词的考查方式以单项选择的形式为主，也会在单词拼写、完形填空中进行考查。 2. 据统计，介词的常考点有：(1)表示时间的介词，如： 临沂， 17题； 咸宁， 30题。 (2)表示 地点方位的常用介词，如： 大庆， 2题。 (3)表示方式、手段或工具的介词，如： 云南， 21 题。 (4)介词的常见搭配，如： 徐州， 7题。 连词的考点有：(1)并列连词的用法，如

2、： 绥化， 6题； 临沂 ,28题。 (2)从属连词的用法， 如： 长春， 13题； 乐山， 30题。 3. 预计今后中考中介词考查的重点将是其基本用法(同时也要注意介词的常见搭配的情况)； 连词的考查将以并列连词和从属连词基本含义为重点，也要注意考查连词的特殊用法，比 如： “ 就近原则 ” ，不能出现在同一个句子中的连词等。 介词知识点全览 介 词 时间介词in，on，at， after，before，since，until ，by，during 等 方位介词in，on，over，under， above，below，by，beside，near，next to， round/around

3、， between， among，into，out of 等 方式介词by， in，on (表示交通方式) by，in，with ，on(表示工具或手段等) 常见易混淆介词during 与 for；before 与 by；across，through，over 与 past；in，on 与 to；because ， as与 for；besides与 except 常用介词搭配介词与动词： listen to 等介词与名词：on time 等介词与形容词：be afraid of 等 中考考点清单 一、介词概述： 介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词是一种用来表示词与词或者词与句之间的关系的 词，在

4、句中不能单独作句子成分。介词一定要有宾语，充当宾语的一般有名词、代词或相 当于名词的其他词、短语或句子。如： I am inschool. in the morning Thanks forhelping me. What aboutgoing for a walk? 二、介词的句法功能： 介词不能独立在句中作成分，介词后必须与名词、代词或动名词构成介词短语在句中 充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件等之间的关系。 1. 作定语： The book on the table is mine. 2. 作状语： We have breakfast at seven. ( 表时间 )；

5、They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain. (表原因 )；They started the machine by pressing the button. ( 表方式 ) 3. 作表语： My dictionary is in the bag. 4. 作宾语补足语：I found him in the office. 三、介词分类： 时间介词； 方位介词； 方式介词； 目的介词； 原因介词； 运动方向介词；比较介词等等。 考点 1 时间介词 1. at表示 “ 在某一时间点” ，或用来表示不确定的时间和短期的假日、时节等。 at

6、six o clockat Easter 2. in表示 “ 在某一时间段” ，如用在月份、季节、年份、时代、世纪等前。 in July/summer/ancient times/the 1900 s in the morning/afternoon/evening 3. on表示在特殊或具体的日子。 on Saturday morningon the morning of August 1ston the Mid-Autumn Day 【注意】当表示时间的名词前有this/last/next/every 等时，前面不需要加介词。 She will come back next week. T

7、hey played basketball last night. 4. since，from 与 for (1)since指从某时一直延续至今，后接时间点，与完成时连用。 He has lived here since 1993. (2)from 说明开始的时间，谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。 From now on ， I will learn English in the morning. (3)for 指动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间段，表示“ 持续 时间 ” 。常与完成时连用 。 I have studied English for six years. 5. after与in

8、 (1)after与时间段连用，用于过去时。They finished the work after two years. (2)after与时间点连用，用于将来时。I ll ring you up after two o clock. (3)in 与时间段连用，指“ 在 之后 ” ，表示从说话起的一段时间后，常与将来时连用。 The bus will be here in ten minutes. 6. by“ 到 以前为止 ” “ by+时间点 ” 表示 “ 在 之前 ” ，如果 by后跟一个过去的时间点应用过去完成时。 We had learned 1，000 English words

9、 by the end of last term. 7. “ during+ 时间段 ”“在 期间 ” ，与延续性动词连用表示某期间的动作或状态。 He lives with us during these years. 8. until用于否定句中，意为“ 直到 才” ，其前的谓语动词多用瞬间性动词；用于肯定句中 ，意为 “ 直到 为止 ” ，其前的谓语动词须用延续性动词。 I didn t leave until my mother came home. I waited for my mother until she came home. 9. before和after 表示时间，分别意

10、为“ 在 之前 ” 和“ 在 之后 ” 。 Please bring your homework before ten o clock. 考点 2 方位介词 表示事物存在的方向和位置的介词，我们称之为方位介词。如in(在 里)，behind (在 后面 )，down (向下 )等。其中有些方位介词的意义比较接近，但在用法上有一定的差别，如on，over，ab ove 都有 “ 在 之上 ” 的意思，但用法却不尽相同。这里，我们可以用图示配以简短的文字叙 述来说明这些介词的不同用法。 介词图示意义例句 1 in 在之内The students are reading in the classro

11、om. 学生们在教室里读书。 2 on 在上面The boat is on the river. 那条船在河上。 3 over 在 (正)上方There are several bridges over the river. 河上有好几座桥。 4 under 在 (正)下方The boat sailed under the bridge. 船在桥下行驶。 5 above 在上方The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云上飞行。 6 below 在下方The sun sinks below the horizon. 太阳沉到地平线下。 7 by 在旁边Our ho

12、use is by the river. 我们的房子在河边。 beside Come and sit beside me. 过来坐在我旁边。 8 near 在附近 I don t need a car because I live near the city centre. 我不需要汽车，因为我住的地方靠 近市中心。 9 next to 紧挨 My best friend sits next to me in class. 上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。 10 behind 在后面Oliver hid behind a tree. 奥利弗藏在一棵树后面。 11 before 在之前 He m

13、ade a speech before a large audience. 他在许多观众面前发表了讲话。 12 outside 在外面He parked his car outside the theater. 他把汽车停在剧场外面。 13 to 到去We walked to the fruit shop. 我们步行去了水果店。 14 from 从来We traveled to London from Edingburgh. 我们从爱丁堡旅行到伦敦。 15 round/ around 围绕 All sat around the table. 所有的人围着桌子坐。 16 between 在 之间

14、(指 两者 ) The letter B is between A and C. 字母 B 在 A 和 C 之间。 17 among 在 之间(指 三 者 或 三 者 以 上) The house stands among the trees. 房子在树丛中。 18 across 横过、越过 If the road is busy ，don t walk across it. 如果道路交通繁忙，就不要横穿马路。 19 through 穿过 We drove through the tunnel. 我们开车穿过了隧道。 20 onto (强 调 动 作 ) 向 上 The people lift

15、ed the baskets onto the trucks. 人们把篮子运上了卡车。 21 into (强 调 动 作 ) 进 入 They put the apples into the baskets. 他们把苹果放进了篮子里。 22 out of 从 出来Don t look out of the window in class. 上课时不要朝窗外看。 23 along 沿着Walk along this street ， and then turn left ， you can see the post office. 沿着这条街走，然 后向左拐，你就可以看到邮局。 24 up 向上

16、The monkeys climb- ed up the trees to pick the bananas. 猴子爬到树上去摘香蕉。 25 down 向下The ball is rolling down the hill. 球正往山下滚。 考点 3 方式介词 1. by+动词 -ing 表示 “ 通过 方式 ” The blind learn something by touching. 盲人通过触摸学习东西。 2. by+交通工具表示 “ 搭乘 ” by bus乘公共汽车by ship乘船 by taxi乘出租车by train乘火车 by plane乘飞机 【注意】 by car=in

17、a/his car 坐车； by plane=in a plane坐飞机； by bike=in a bike 骑自行车 3.“ by+水陆空状态词” 也表示交通方式。 by road公路运输；乘汽车by land陆地运输 by sea海路运输；乘船by water水路运输；乘船 by air航空运输；坐飞机 4. by+通讯方式表示 “ 用 作为联系方式” by letter书信联系；以书信的方式 by express快递by e-mail邮件联系 5. by固定搭配： by hand手工制作；用手by far到目前为止 by the time到 的时候by name用 的名字 by the

18、 name of名叫 的 6. in+语言表示 “ 用 语言 ” in Chinese 用中文 7. in固定搭配 in time及时on time准时 in the sun在阳光下in a moment立刻 in no time立刻in life 在生活中 in a low/high voice 低声说 /高声说 8. with+ 具体的工具或五官表示 “ 用 ” eat with a spoon用勺子吃 write with a pencil 用铅笔写 We see with our eyes，and hear with our ears. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听。 9. be made

19、of/from 由 制成 The desk is made of wood. 这个书桌是用木头做的。 Bread is made from wheat. 面包是小麦做的。 10. be made in+地名在某地制造 Most of the phones are made in China. 大多数手机在中国制造。 考点 4 常见易混淆介词辨析 1. 时间介词 during与for的用法辨析 (1)当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during He swims every day during the summer. (2)for 后接时间段，常与完成时连用 I haven t seen her

20、for years. 2. 时间介词 before与by的用法辨析 (1)介词 before表示 “ 在 之前 ” He won t come back before five. (2)介词 by表示 “ 到 时为止，不迟于” The work must be finished by Friday. 3. 方位介词 across，through，over与past的用法辨析 (1)介词 across着重于 “ 从一头或一边到另一头或另一边” ，强调从表面穿过。 She went across the street to make some purchases. (2)介词 through着重于

21、 “ 穿越 ” ，强调从一定的空间内穿过。 The sunlight was coming in through the windows. (3)介词 over多表示从 “ 上方越过 ” 。 He failed to go over the mountain ；he had to go round it. (4)介词 past表示从 “ 面前经过 ” 。 Someone has just gone past the window. 4. 地点介词 in，on与 to的用法辨析 (1)介词 in表示 “ 包含 ” Beijing is in the north of China. (2)介词 o

22、n表示 “ 紧邻 ” Canada lies on the north of the U. S. (3)介词 to表示 “ 没接触 ” France lies to the south of England. 5.介词 besides与 except的用法辨析 (1)介词 besides表示 “ 除 之外 (全部计算在内)” We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang. (2)介词 except表示 “ 除 之外 (不计算在内 )” We are all Chinese except Tom in our class. 考点 5 一些固定搭配 (1)介

23、词与动词的搭配 listen to，laugh at，get to， look for，wait for，hear from ， turn on，turn off ，worry about，think of ，look after，spend. on. 等。 (2)介词与名词的搭配 on time， in time， by bus，on foot，with pleasure，on one s way to， in trouble ，at breakfast， at the end of，in the end等。 (3)介词与形容词的搭配 be late for， be afraid of，be

24、 good at， be interested in，be angry with ，be full of，be sorry for等。 连词知识点全览 连 词 并 列 连 词 并列关系and，both.and.，not only.but also. ，neither.nor. 选择关系or，either.or. 转折关系but，while （然而） . 因果关系for，so. 从 属 连 词 引 导 状 语 从 句 时间关系： when，while， after，until ，as soon as. 条件关系： if，unless，as long as. 原因关系： because，as，si

25、nce. 让步关系： though， although，even if,even though. 结果关系： so.that.，such.that.， 目的关系： so that.，in order that. 地点关系： where. 方式关系： as. 比较关系： as.as.，not as/so.as.，.than. 引导名词性从句that，if ，whether，who，whose，what，which ，where. 一、连词概述 连词是连接单词、短语或句子的一种虚词。在句中不单独作句子成分。历年中考中常 考并列连词 and，but，neither. nor. ；从属连词 now t

26、hat，though， when等。 二、基础知识梳理 1. 并列连词用来连接并列的词、短语或句子。并列连词有and，or，but，so， for，nor等。 2. 并列连词和连接性副词存在以下区别： (1)连接两个独立的分句时，并列连词只能放在第二个分句的句首，前面通常有逗号。 I must work hard ， for I still have a long way to go. They all went ，but I didn t go. (2)连接性副词的位置比较灵活，句中、句首、句末都可以。但是放在句首较为普遍。 Mother was ill. Therefore，she sta

27、yed at home yesterday. =Mother was ill. She，therefore，stayed at home yesterday. 中考考点聚焦 考点 1 介词 例1( 上海 )Frank is an independent boy. His parents are proud _ him. A. On B. to C. in D. of 解析：句意： Frank是个独立的孩子，他父母以他为荣。本题考查固定介词搭配。“ 对某人 感到骄傲 ” 表达为 “ be proud of sb.” 答案： D 例2( 绥化 )An earthquake happened in

28、Songyuan, Jilin_ the morning ofMay28,. A. on B. in C. atD. for 解析：句意： “ 5月28日上午，吉林松阳发生了地震。” 本题考查时间介词。由题意可知，这是强调具体的某一天的上午，所以使用介词on。 答案： A 考点 2 连词 例1 ( 长春 )The sky is much bluer _ we have taken action to protect the environment. A. because B. before C. until D. unless 解析：句意： “ 因为我们采取了措施来保护环境，所以天空更蓝了。”

29、 由题意可知，本题考 查原因状语从句连词。所以使用because。 答案： A 例2 ( 绥化 )Work hard, _youll catch up with your classmates next time A. and B. or C. butD. for 解析：句意： “ 努力吧，下次你会赶上你的同学的” 。本题考查并列连词。根据句意可知， 这里表示顺承关系。 答案： A 中考真题演练 考点 1 介词 1. (连云港 )I m thirsty. I d like a glass of orange juice. What about you, Dad? I prefer a cup

30、of coffee _ A_nothing in it. A. with B. without C. for D. to 2. (呼和浩特 )Bmysurprise, the twins have nothing common. A. With; inB. To; inC. In; inD. To;of 3. (河南 )I stopped _ B_the night in a small village while I was on holiday in the Himalayas a few years ago. A. at B. for C. until D. through 4. (昆明

31、 )Tony, don t eat _A _ class. Sorry, I won t do it again. A. in B. on C. to D. by 5. (北京 )Happy birthday, Peter! Here s a giftA you. A. for B. in C. with D. from 6. (齐齐哈尔 )My younger brother was born _ B _the night of June21st. He is very cute. A. in B. on C. at 7. (广东 )It s very kind _ A_ you to le

32、nd me your reusable shopping bags. A. of B. for C. to D. with 8. (南京 )Over 10, 000 runners joined a half and a mini marathons in Xianlin, Nanjing _B_ May 7, . A. in B. on C. at D. by 9. (海南 )Mr. Zhao is going to theairport_ C _taxi. A.in B.on C.by 10. (河北 )Just walk down this road and you ll see the

33、 museum _A _ your right. A. on B. in C. at D. by 11. (河北 )Mom won t let Dick go out _ D_ he promises to be back by 10:00 tonight. A. if B. when C. since D. unless 12. (宿迁 )Your gloves should be made _ D _ leather, for they feel soft and smooth. A. in B. on C. for D. of 13. (孝感 ) It s not necessary t

34、o find a friend who is the same Byou. A. inB. asC. toD. from 14. (南通 )When I walked D the south side of the square， I happened to meet our English teacher A. across B. around C. through D. along 15. (咸宁 )- Thanks _our government, we can play sports on the new playground nextweek. - Thats for sure! A

35、nd well have a sports meeting _ A_ one month. A. for; inB. to; inC. for; afterD. to; after 16. (武汉 )- Whatare you doing? - I m looking_ C the kids. They should be back for lunch now A. after B.at C.for D.up 17. (无锡 ) Let s put the piano over there, _B_ the wall. A. above B. against C. across D. arou

36、nd 18. (无锡 ) I m planning to climb Mount Huang this summer. Would you like to come along? Wow! That would be exciting _ A_ challenging. I m in! A. as well asB. as good asC. as long asD. as far as 19. (天津 )In the picture, he sits _ A_me, looking very happy. A. beside B. among C. up D. through 20. (苏州

37、 )Scared by the loud noise, the rabbits ran off Call directions. A. on B. at C. in D. by 21. (上海 )Karen and Lily will go to Russia to watch the World Cup_ B_July. A. on B. in C. at D. of 22. (南京 )Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon _B_20 July 1969. A. in B. on C. at D. for 23. (龙东 )

38、Stephen Hawking was famous Ca scientist, he made a great contribution to the world, and he died March 14 th, . A. for; on B. as; inC. as; on D. for; in 24. (连云港 )Bill, did you see Tom? Yes, he just parked his car here and then hurried D the street. A. through B. over C. past D. across 25. (东营 ) It i

39、s said that children in South Korea have to hike and walk through mountains at nightCtheir military (军事的 ) training. -Really? So their training is much harder than ours. A. after B. since C. during D. before 考点 2 连词 1. (长春 )Work hard and be patient, _ A_ your dream won t come true. A. or B. and C. b

40、ut D. so 2. (扬州 )Hawking is no longer with us, Che will continue to inspire the world. A. so B. if C. but D. as 3. (孝感 )BSquare Dancing is good exercise for the old, sometimes it makes a lot of noise. A. IfB. AlthoughC. UntilD. Because 4. (咸宁 )HarryPotter is Can interesting novel Iwant to read itaga

41、in. Iagree with you. A. so; thatB. too; toC. such; thatD.as;as 5. (无锡 )He stayed up very late that night. _D_ he woke up in the morning, the sun was already high up in the sky. A. UntilB. After C. While D. As 6. (天津 ) Tony was drawing a picture_ C_ I was doing my homework. A. if B. because C. while

42、D. until 7. (随州 )Some people won t realize the importance of their health D they lose it. A. because B. after C. when D. until 8. (苏州 )Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the nearest underground station? Walk straight on C you see a white building. It s right there. A. though B. since C. until D.

43、if 9. (沈阳 )My grandparents wrote letters to keep in touch with others_A_ they were young. A. when B. since C. after D. before 10. (上海 )Peter spent half a day fishing by the river,_ D_he didnt catch anything. A. so B. or C. for D. but 11. (上海 )Mr Black walked around and offered help_ A_we were doing

44、an experiment. A. while B. although C. until D. unless 12. (南京 )Mexican and Tex-Mex foods were popular in the USA, _B_ now Chinese food has more fans. A. because B. but C. so D. unless 13. (临沂 ) When you are in your school dining hall during lunchtime, you may feel lonely _B_ you can find someone to

45、 have lunch with. A. if B. unlessC. after D. because 14. (兰州 ) In summer, food will go bad quickly _B_ we put it into a fridge. A. if B. unless C. as soon as D. while 15. (昆明 ) _C_I have lost everything in this terrible earthquake, I have not lost my life. A. Because B. So C. Although D. If 16. (荆州

46、) There is always a smile on your face. Isn t there any trouble in your life? Yes, there is. But life is like a mirror. Ayou smile at it, it will smile back. A.When B. Before C.Until D.After 17. (江西 )- Can students go online during lessons? - They can _A_ it is for that lesson. A. ifB. orC. soD. but

47、 18. (黄石 )I always get up early on weekdays,_ A_I m afraid I will be late for school. A. because B. so C. though D. than 19. (黄冈 ) - Which show do you prefer, Running Man or The Reader? - The reader, of course _D_ I _ my brother likes it. A. Both; andB. Neither; nor C. Not; but D. Not only; but also

48、 20. (呼和浩特 )Cyou mustgo andplayfootball, at least waituntilschool is over. A. IfB. WhetherC. UnlessD. So that 21.( 东营 )-What a mess! The sharing bikes are thrown everywhere. -Let s collect and put them in the right place B they can be used conveniently. A.unlessB. so that C. becauseD. so long as 22. (达州 ) -Why don t you get used to the life in Beijing? -_D_ the crowded traffic _ the high living cost. The only reason is the badly polluted air. A. Not only; but also B. Either; or C. Bot