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1、一、谓语动词与非谓语动词在解非谓语习题时同学们遇到最大的困难之一是如何判别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。如：他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是He will come visit you，而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了动词不定式to visit。因此同学们要特别注意分析句子的结构。分 类不同点例 句谓语动词只能作谓语_ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give
2、【解析】如果不注意分析句子结构，有可能会误选A或C项。这是祈使句+and+陈述句的句型。答案B。非谓语动词作除谓语之外的任何成分（见下表）The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.A. being weighed B. weighs C. weighed D. weighing【解析】容易误选B或C项，将其当成谓语看待。“under the age of four and _ less than 40 po
3、unds”用作“children”的定语。动词“weigh”与名词“children”是主动关系，所以选择答案D项。二、非谓语动词的语法功能所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾/主语补足语定语插入语（独立成分）V-ing形式现在分词来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#KK动名词不定式（to do）过去分词（done）三、非谓语动词的变化形式非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式to doto be donefor sb. to do sth.或of sb. to do sth.在“to”前加not或never进行式to be doing /完成式to have doneto have bee
4、n done动名词一般式doingbeing donesb.或sbs doing作主语要用sbs doing在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式： sbs not doingsbs not having done完成式having donehaving been done现在分词与动名词变化形式相同/在前加not（一）非谓语动词做主语、宾语时的比较用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定举例I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be soun
5、dedC. sounding D. to have sounded【解析】want后要跟动词不定式作宾语，sound是连系动词不用被动式，与谓语动词没有时间的先后，故不可用它的完成式。答案A。It is difficult to imagine his _the decision without any consideration. A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted 【解析】imagine要求用动名词作宾语。答案B。重点只接不定式做宾语的谓语动词或短语hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wi
6、sh, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen，refuse, claim, would love等等只接动名词做宾语的谓语动词或短语suggest, risk, devote oneself to（建议冒险去献身）finish, imagine, bear/stand, look forward to（完成想象忍盼望）give up, delay/put off, regret, miss（放弃延期悔失去）insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel
7、 like, practice（坚持欣赏要实践）pay attention to, excuse, escape/avoid, object to（注意原谅逃/避反对）keep, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind（保持习惯勿介意）be worth, set about/burst out/get down to, be busy（值得开始将忙乎）用不定式还是用动名词作宾语都可以，但有区别举例In some parts of London, missing a bus means _for another hour.A. waiting B. to wa
8、it C. wait D. to be waiting 【解析】此题意为“在英国的一些地方，如果错过了公交车就意味着再等一个小时。”mean doing sth.意为“意味着什么”，mean to do sth.意为“试图、打算做什么”。答案A。重点动词本身意义不变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同remember to do sth. 记住要做 remember doing sth.记得过去做过forget to do sth. 忘了已做过的事 forget doing sth. 忘记要做某事动词本身意义改变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同regret to do sth.对马上要或不做的事表示遗憾reg
9、ret doing sth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔mean to do sth.打算，想要 mean doing 意味着，意思是try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁，忍不住cant help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事be considered to have done被认为已经做了considerto be认为是 consider doing考虑做某事动词本身意义不变，跟不定式被动式和动名词意义相同want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，接不定式就要用被动式，这时主语
10、与动名词之间为动宾关系These young trees require looking after(=to be looked after).The matter needs thinking over(=to be thought over).右边这些动词跟动词不定式做目的状语，跟动名词作宾语stop to do停下来，要做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）stop doing停止做（动名词作宾语）go on to do接着做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）go on doing继续做同一件事（动名词作宾语）（二）非谓语作宾语补足语时的的比较理解下表中所列的关系非谓语与宾语的逻辑关系与谓语动作的时间
11、关系不定式主动关系在谓语动词后发生不带to的不定式表示动作的全过程现在分词主动关系同时进行过去分词被动关系动作已经完成或表示状态举 例The teacher asked us _so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make【解析】在动词“ask”后面用不定式作宾语补足语，其否定形式是“not to do”。答案D。Excuse me sir, where is Room 301? Just a minute. Ill have Bob _you to your room. A. show B. show
12、s C. to show D. showing【解析】“have sb. do sth.”意为“命令或安排某人做某事”。根据提供的情景可判断出让Bob带你到房间去。“have sb. doing sth.”表示“使某人一直处于某种状态中”。答案A。A cook will be immediately fired if he was found _in kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked【解析】“find”后接现在分词作主语补足语。此句中“smoking” 是主语“he”的补足语, 所以称为主语补足语。表示主动的正在发生的事。根据
13、“immediately”可判断出“厨师当场被发现在厨房吸烟会被立即开除”。答案B。To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear Englishas much as we can.A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak【解析】此处考查“hear+宾语+do/doing/done”的结构。因为English是“被说”，故用“spoken”作宾补，表示被动。答案C 。注意几个特别的结构have+宾语+do/doing/done ，get+宾语+to do/doing/done ，
14、catch sb. doing sth（逮住某人干某事）Alexander tried to get his work _in the medical circles.A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized 【解析】宾语work与recognize之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。=have+宾语+done的结构。答案D。（三）非谓语作定语时的比较形式与被修饰词的逻辑关系与谓语动作的时间关系例 句to do动宾关系在谓语动作后发生If there is a lot of work _, Im happy t
15、o just keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing【解析】“work”和“do”虽然存在逻辑上的动宾关系，但主语“I和“do存在主谓关系，此时用“to do”做后置定语。在“there be”的这个句型中，如果“be”后面的“sth.”要跟上不定式，要用主动形式表示被动，所以选择A项。When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _.A. to send B. for sending it C. to
16、 send it to D. for sending it to 【解析】该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语，排除B 和D选项；答案A项意为“送乔治这个人走”，显然不符合题意。而应该是将报告送给“乔治这个人”才符合题意。“it”指这个报告。后面的介词“to”不能少。答案C。“the last/next/first.” 后常接不定式作定语，表示主谓关系在谓语动作前或者后发生The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 【答案】C。to be done被动关系在谓语动作后发生The
17、 Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _in Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held 【解析】非谓语动词作后置定语的三种情况：the meeting to be held意为“即将召开的会议“；the meeting held意为“已经召开的会议”；the meeting being held是“正在召开的会议”的意思。很显然当年高考时（2006年）“the 29th Olympic Games”还没有召开，故选D。doing主动关系与谓语动作同时进行Reading
18、is an experience quite different from watchingTV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of beforeyour eyes. A. o form B. form C. forming D. having formed【解析】根据本题提供的语境，“看书时有画面在大脑中形成。”而句中有谓语“there are ”，所以本题应填非谓语动词，可排除B项。又因为“看书的同时就会形成”，排除A、D选项，故选C项作定语。being done被动关系与谓语动作同时进行At the beginning of cla
19、ss, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close【解析】参看例。答案C。done被动关系在谓语动作之前发生The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. A. to be completed B. having been
20、completed C. completed D. being completed【解析】参看上面例的简析。答案C。存在的状态或情况Can thoseat the back of the classroom hear me?No problem.A. seat B. sitC. seated D. sat 【解析】“sit”为不及物动词，可用“sitting”作定语；“seat”为及物动词，常与反身代词连用或用“be seated”形式。这里“seat”与“those”构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用其过去分词作定语。答案C。注意：动词不定式尾后的介词不能丢When I handed the rep
21、ort to John, he said that George was the person _. A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to 【解析】该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语，排除B 和D；答案A中，没有to就意味着是把George 这个人打发走。本句意思是将该报告送给这个人George, it 指这个报告,因此to不能少。答案C。（四）非谓语作状语时的比较不定式和现在分词做结果状语的比较不定式表示没有料到的结果He hurried to the booking office only _ th
22、at all the tickets has been sold out. A. to be told B. to tell C. told D. telling【解析】“only”后接不定式表示出人意料的结果。 答案A。现在分词表示自然而然或必然的结果Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching【解析】从句意来分析
23、, 主句部分表示油价上涨了百分之三十二，逗号后面的内容为油价上涨后的必然结果“达到记录” 。 答案B。The storm left ,_ a lot of damage to this area .A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused【解析】因“The storm”与“cause”存在逻辑上的主动关系，故排除选项A；不定式作状语，前面通常不用逗号，排除B、C选项；因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之前, 所以用完成式。答案D。注意：在tooto do, enough to do，so as to do，such
24、as to do等结构中不定式表示结果。在in order to do,so as to do结构中不定式表示目的，其中in order和 so as还可以省略。in order引导的目的状语可以位于句首，而so as引导的目的状语则不可以置于句首。现在分词和过去分词做状语的比较非谓语与逻辑主语（即句子的主语）的关系与谓语动作的时间关系举 例现在分词doing形式作状语主动关系与谓语动作同时进行“You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran【解析】“running away”在此作“sh
25、outed”的伴随状语, 由珍妮特发出这一动作, 故用现在分词。答案B。现在分词having done形式作状语主动关系先于谓语动作发生 to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. Fail B. FailedC. To fail D. Having failed 【解析】非谓语动词与主语构成主谓关系。且“没有打动电话”在“发电子邮件” 前已经发生。用现在分词主动式的完成式作时间状语。答案D。现在分词having been done形式作状语被动关系先于谓语动作发生 around the Water Cube, we were
26、 then taken to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.A. Having shown B. To be shownC. Having been shown D. To show【解析】“show”与“take”之间有明显的时间先后关系，且句子的主语与“show”构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故该空格处用现在完成时的被动形式。答案C。过去分词作状语被动关系已经在过去发生或是不十分强调时间概念_ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed
27、B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed【解析】“dress”是及物动词，其用法为“dress sb./oneself （表动作）、be dressed in（表状态）”。“dress”与“he”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系, 故用过去分词。答案A。_ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put【解析
28、】句子的主语是“the hotline”与“投入使用”存在着逻辑 上的被动关系，而且表示过去的事情, 所以排除D项。答案A。分词（短语）作状语的附着规则一般情况下分词短语作状语其逻辑主语就是句子的主语, 否则就是“垂悬分词”Faced with a bill for $10,000, _.A. an extra job has been given to John B. the boss has given John an extra jobC. an extra job has been taken D. John has taken an extra job【解析】根据“分词作状语其逻辑主
29、语应与句子主语一致”的原则，只有A项才对。_ _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared【解析】分词的逻辑主语为“the biggest ocean”，它不能发出“compare”动作。从“compare A with B”的结构我们可以推断，它们之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词。如选C或B项，则就是“垂悬分词”。答案D。_, the more expens
30、ive the camera, the better its quality. A. General speaking B. Speaking generalC. Generally speakingD. Speaking generally【解析】分词短语独立成分。现在分词短语作为习语不遵守分词的附着规则。答案C。类例：frankly speaking坦白地说，judging from/by.根据来判断，considering./taking.into consideration考虑到，seeing.考虑到，supposing假设、如果；providing如果；provided that如果
31、等等不需遵守该附着规则。五、非谓语动词的特殊结构和句型独立主格结构与with（without）复合结构逻辑主语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _at the end of last March.A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched 【解析】独立主格结构作状语，排除谓语动词形式，即A项。“the most recent”与“lau
32、nch”为逻辑上的被动关系，且“launch”在谓语动词之前发生。答案B。The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day.A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished【解析】根据句子结构判断，此处为独立主格结构，且功课是被完成，因此用过去分词。答案B。with(without)+宾语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.Sorr
33、y. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled【解析】“so much work”与“fill”之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系, 并且强调此时状态, 故用现在分词。答案B。John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finish
34、ed【解析】“his work”与“finish”之间逻辑上存在被动关系，用过去分词表示被动且已经完成。答案A。不定式的特殊结构和句型不定式符号“ to ”后省略实义动词Whats the matter with Della?Well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, but she still _ _.A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for【解析】在不定式作简略回答时，常常将不定式to之后的内容省略。答案A。Would you like to join me for
35、 a quick lunch before class? , but I promised Nancy to go out with her.A. Id like to B.I like it C.I dont D.I will【解析】简略答语中省略动词，只保留动词不定式符号。答案A。注意：In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than.A. that used to be B. it is used to C. it was used to D. it used to be【解析】表示 “过去常常”用us
36、ed to do。本题中be为连系动词，不是实义动词，不能省略。答案D。主语+be+adj.+to do句型在该结构中，动词不定式用主动形式表被动意义I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good.A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed【答案】BSb./Sth. is/was+过去分词+不定式句型特别注意不定式形式的变化Is Bob still performing?Im afraid not. He is said_ th
37、e stage already as he has become an official.A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cell inside the human nose and throat.A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused 【答案】A C。动名词的复合结构和否定结构复合结构所谓复合结
38、构就是动名词逻辑主语的表示方法：名词普通格或所有格+doing代词普通格或所有格+doing但是动名词作主语时要用代词/名词所有格+doing_the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The president will attend B. The president to attendC. The president attended D. The presidents attending【解析】此题为动名词的复合结构在句中作主语，句中“the presidents”为名词所有格充当动名词attending
39、的逻辑主语。答案D。否定结构在动名词前加not。特别注意当动名词带有逻辑主语时，not要加在逻辑主语与动名词之间。即：sbs not doing，sbs not having done。They are quiet, arent they?Yes. They are accustomed_ at meals.A. to talk B. to not talk C. to talking D. to not talking【解析】词组“be accused to （习惯于）”，其中“to”是介词，后跟名词或动名词。动名词的否定式在其前加“not”。答案D。The news of _ greatl
40、y made us surprised a lot as he was indeed very excellent. A. not his having elected B. not his being elected C. his not being elected D. his not having elected【答案】C。动词的复合结构和否定结构总结：解非谓语动词试题“有法可依” 第一步：辨别谓语与非谓语第二步：判断语态找非谓语的逻辑主语 ：作定语时，被修饰的词是其逻辑主语； 作状语时，句子的主语是其逻辑主语； 作补语时，句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词
41、和逻辑主语之间是主谓还是动宾关系。第三步：分析时态：根据非谓语自带的时间状语确定时间或根据上下文的语境确定时间。1._ several times, but he still doesnt know how to do it properly.A. Being shownB. Having shownC. Having been shownD. Ive shown him 【答案与解析】D 考查谓语和非谓语的判断。后半句有个but,前面应是一个完整的句子，而不是一个分词结构，由此可以看出，只有D项符合要求，如果去掉句中的but，应该选C。2.Every student admits that
42、English is actually not easy _.A to study B. to be studied C. being studied D. studying【答案与解析】A不定式用做状语和被修饰的名词构成动宾关系，同时和主语构成主谓关系时，该不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。3.With so many things _, I have to work late into the night. A. to deal with B. dealt with C. dealing with D. being dealt with【答案与解析】A 由空格后的部分可以看出，“so many
43、 things”很多事情还没有处理，所以用不定式表示将来。句意为：有很多事情有待于处理，我得工作到深夜。4.If you are the last student _ the room, remember to turn off the lights.A. leavingB. to leaveC. leftD. leaves【答案与解析】B the + 序数词/ last +名词+ to do sth.为固定用法。句意：如果你最后一个离开教室，请记住关灯。5.Id like _ the games with you but I had extra work to do. A. to enjoy B. to be enjoyed C. to have enjoyed D. to have been enjoyed【答案与解析】C 表示“本想去做却没做”，用would like to have done。句意为：我原来打算和你一块去看比赛的，但是我得加班。6.Suddenly an idea flashed into her mind