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1、代词（一） Part 1 人称代词 人称代词是表示“ 我 “、 “你 “、 “他 “、 “ 她“、 “它 “、 “我们“、 “你们 “、“ 他们“ 的词。是表示自身或人称的代词。 1 人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表： 单数复数 主格I you he she it we you they 宾格me you him her it us you them 中文我你他她它我们你们他 /她 /它们 2 人称代词的用法 （ 1）人称代词在句中可以用作主语（用主格）和宾语（用宾格）： He loves her, but she hates him. （ 2）人称代词用于as, than 之后时，可用宾
2、格： “ Who is it? ”“ It s me.”He gets up earlier than me. He speaks English as well as her. 但是，若than, as 后的人称代词后跟由动词，则必须用主格：He gets up earlier than I do. （ 3）单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格：me too. 3 人称代词的排列顺序 （ 1）单数人称代词通常按“二三一 ”排列，即you, he and I ： You, he and I are all middle school students. （ 2）复数人称代词通常按“一二三 ”排列，即w
3、e, you and they: We, you and they will all go there. （ 3）但若用于承担责任或错误等场合，则可把第一人称I 置于其他人称代词之前： I and Tom are to blame. Part 2 物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。 1 物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。列表如下： 单数复数 形容词性my your his her its our your their 名词性mine your his hers its ours yours theirs 中文我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她 /它们的 2 物主代
4、词的用法 （ 1）形容词物主代词在句中作定语：I love my country. Is this your car? （ 2）名词性的物主代词可用作主语,宾语 ,表语以及与“of“ 连接： Li Huas bike is red, and yours is green. These books are ours. That car is mine, not yours. Yesterday I met a friend of mine in the street. Part 3 反身代词 表示我自己,你自己 ,他自己 ,我们自己,你们自己,他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。 1 反身代词第一, 二
5、人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加“-self “ ( 复数加-selves ) 构成。第三人称反身代词是由人 称代词宾格形式加- self ( 复数加- selves ) 构成。 1 第一人称第二人称第三人称第三人称第三人称 单数myself yourself himself herself itself 复数ourselves yourselves themselves themselves themselves 2 反身代词的用法 反身代词在句中主要作宾语和同位语, 用作同位语时表示强调“本人 ,自己 “ ： He taught himself English. The child hims
6、elf drew this picture. Part 4 指示代词 指示代词是表示指示概念的代词，即用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。主要的有this, that, these, those, 其中 this 和 that 为单数，these 和 those 为复数。指示代词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。 指示代词的用法： 1 this 和 that 的用法 两者的基本区别是this 表近指，that 表远指。另外，当要回指上文提到的事情时，可用this 或 that，但是若要指下 文叙述的事情，通常要用this: She married Jim, and this/that surpris
7、ed me. I want to know this Dose he love her? 2 that 和 those 的用法 that 和 those 常常用来代替已提到过的名词，以避免重复。 The population of China is larger than that of Japan. The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox. Part 5 相互代词 相互代词是表示相互关系的代词，主要有each other, one another, 均表示 “相互” 、“彼此”。指示代词通常在句中作 宾语与定语，不可作主语。 1
8、 each other 主要用于两者之间，one another 主要用于三者或三者以上。但在现代英语中each other 也可指三者或三 者以上： They love each other. The three women looked at each other/one another. 2 相互代词的所有格 相互代词的所有格在后面一个词加词尾- ： s We didn t know each other s names. They often stay in one another s house. 代词（二） Part 6 疑问代词 1. 疑问代词的概念与形式 用来表达疑问或构成疑问
9、句的代词叫疑问代词。主要的疑问代词及其功能如下表所示： 主宾表定 语法功能 可跟of 短 形式语语语语语 主格who 指 宾格whom 人所有格whose 指 主格which( 可指人 ) 物宾格what who, whom 与whose 2 who 的意义为 “谁” ，既可以做单数，也可以指复数。在句中主要做主语和宾语。whom 是 who 的宾格，在句中主 要做动词宾语和介词宾语，做动词宾语时whom 可与 who 互换使用，但作介词宾语时只能用whom; whose 是 who 的 所有格形式，意为 “谁的”： Who said that ? Whom are you waiting f
10、or? Whom/Who have you chosen to take part in the sports meet? I don t know whose it is. what 与 which which 和what 都指物。which 意为“哪一个，哪一些 ”适用选择范围较小或明确的场合；what 意为“什么” ，用 于选择范文较大或不明确的场合。如指人，其后接名词时只用which 和 what，不用who： Which color do you like, black or white? What color do you like? Which/What writers do y
11、ou like? Part 7 不定代词 1. 不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。英语中的不定代词有： all, every, each one, none, no, both, either, neither, little, a little, few, a few, some, any, many, much, other, another 以及由 some ， any ，no， every 构成的复合不定代词。 2. 复合不定代词 复合不定代词是由every ， some，any ， no 与 -one, -body, -thing 构成的代词。 指人指人指物 everyone
12、everybody everything someone somebody something anyone anybody anything on one nobody nothing (1) some- 类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句中，any- 类不定代词主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句： There is somebody who wants to speak to you. I haven t seen anybody around here that I can turn to for help. (2) 由-one 和-body 构成的不定代词可以互换使用，知识前者较文雅： Some
13、one/Somebody seems to have been here. (3) 复合不定代词受定语修饰时，定语应放在它们后面： Tell us something interesting. (4) 复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数： Everyone knows this. Everything is ready. (5) no one 与 none 的区别 no one 常指代人，只能为可数；而none 可指代人或物，可数、不可数皆可。no one 回答 “ who” , none 回答“ how many/much ” , none 可与of 结构连用： No one in
14、 our class failed the math exam. None of them believed his story. How many of you have been to the USA? None 3. both ， either 与 neither 的用法 (1) both 意思是 “两者都 “， either 意思是 “两者中的任何一个“， neither 意思是 “两者都不，具体见下表： 3 Both of my parents are doctors. Neither of my parents knows English. Which of the two roo
15、ms would you like, sir? Neither. (2) either 在否定句中可表示 “ 也” 的意思： He wont go and I wont go either. （ 3） either ?or ? 不是 .就是 . ； neither nor 既不 ?也不. ： Either you or I am going there tomorrow. Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 4. every 和 each 两者均可表示 “ 每一个 ” ，every 侧重从总体上考虑 ，而each 侧重从隔日方面考虑 。 (1) each
16、 既可单独使用，也可后接名词，还可后接of 短语；而 every 后必须接名词，既不能单独使用，也不能后接 of 短语： Each is good. Each of the students has seen it. (2) each 指两者或两者以上的“ 每个” ，every 指三者或三者以上的“ 每个” ： There are trees on each side of the road. (3) every 可受 almost, nearly 等副词的修饰，但each 不能： Almost every student has read the book. 5. other, the ot
17、her, another 与 others 的区别用法 (1) 指单数时。若泛指用another, 若特指用the other( 后接单数名词)： Give me another one. Shut the other eye, please. (2) 指复数时，若泛指用other( 后接复数名词)，若特这用the other( 后接复数名词)： There are other ways of doing it? Where are the other students? (3) others 永远表示复数意义，且其后不能再接名词。其意义大致为“other+ 复数名词 ” ，同样地 ，the
18、others 大致意 义为“ the other+ 复数名词 ” ： Other people/Others may not think that way. He is cleverer than the others/the other students. (4) another 一般只能表单数，且其后接名词时也只能接单数名词。但是其后若有数次或few 修饰时，则可接复数名 词： I shall stay another few months. (5) 与 some 对比使用时，用others ： Some say yes, and others say no. 4 Practice1 一完
19、成下列表格： I you they me him her us my its mine yours its theirs 二根据提示填空： 1 _(我 ) am a teacher. 2 _( 他 ) often plays basketball after school. 3 This is _( 我的 ) book. That is_. ( 他的) 4 Please pass_( 我们) the ball. 5 This is not my shirt. It s她 _的 _)_6_M _.y(r ule r is long. _ ( 你的 ) is short. 7 _(我们) buy
20、a pair of shoes for _( 她 ). 8 _(他们的 ) teacher is good. _( 你们的 )is good too. 9 Our chair is better than _ ( they). 10 I will give the presents to_(they). 11 These books are_(I), and those are_(you). 12 _ like _ car. 我喜欢他们的小汽车。13 Who is there? It s _是 _谁 _啊 . ？是我。 14 _ are Chinese. 我们是中国人。 15 I want t
21、o buy some balloons for _. 我想买些气球送给他。 三单选 1 He is cleverer than _. He can do it better than _ do. A. me, me B. I, me C. me, I D. I, mine 2 Look, the chair has lost one of _ legs. A. his B. her C. its D. it s 3 Lily was 9 years old. _ was old enough to go to school _. A. She, she B. She, herself C. H
22、er, herself D. Her, she 4 I want to finish it _ .I won t ask for help. A. yourself B. myself C. ourselves D. ourselves 5 Jim s watch is much newer than _. A. hers B. she C. her D. herself 6 Who taught you English last year? Nobody taught me . I taught _. A. you B. myself C. her D. me 7 She is a stud
23、ent, _ name is Julia. A. its B. her C. hers D. his 8. She gave the erasers to Lucy and _ . A. I B. me C. my D. mine 9. Thats not _, it is_. I made it _ . A. ours, mine, myself B. your, mine, myself C. yours, her, myself D. yours, my, myself 10 We bought _ a present, but _ didn t like it. A. they, th
24、em B. them, they C. themselves , their D. theirs, they 5 Practice2 一用适当疑问代词填空： 1. _ is your math teacher? 2. _ subject is he talking? 3. _ went to see the headmaster of the school yesterday? 4. For _ did he buy a ticket? 5. _ do you prefer, rice or bread? 二把下列句子译成英语: 1. 这是谁的自行车？2. 哪一支铅笔是你的，蓝的还是红的？3.
25、 你在给谁写信？ Practice3 1. Please tell _ about it if _ doesn t know. A. her; herself B. she; she C. her; she D. hers; her 2. Is there _ in today s newspaper? A. something important B. important anything C. anything important D. important everything 3. Do you know _ dictionary it is? A. which B. who C. wh
26、ose D. whom 4. I ve two friends. _ of them are at school. A. Both B. Neither C. Each D. All 5. We ve lost all our money. _ shall we do? A. How B. What C. Where D. Why 6. The fish is delicious. Try and eat _. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 7. _ do you prefer, milk or orange juice? I don t like
27、 _ . I usually drink coffee. A. How; either B. What; neither C. Which; neither D. Why; either 8. Of the three foreigners, one is from London, _ are from the USA. A. the two others B. the other two C. another two D. the both 9. _ the twins enjoyed _ at the party yesterday. A. Both; them B. Both; them
28、selves C. Neither; them D. All; themselves 10. Would you like _ milk in your tea? -Yes, just _. A. any; little B. some; a little C. much; a few D. a little; some 11. We study Chinese, English and some _ subjects. A. the other B. other C. others D. another 12. Who is playing the piano in the next roo
29、m? -_ is Li Ping s brother. A. This B. That C. It D. He 13. Is this your shoe? -Yes, it is. But where is _? A. the other B. another C. other one D. the other one 14. Do you have _ to say for yourself? No, I have _ to say at this moment. A. anything important, something important B. anything important, nothing important C. important something, nothing important D. important anything, important nothing 15. The farmer is very busy because he s so _ s ha en ed psto k _ e _ e _ p _ _ work to do every day. A. much; many B. many; much C. many; a lot D. a lot; much 6