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1、高中英语学习材料 *鼎尚图文理制作 * 2014 年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试 上海英语试卷 考生注意： 1.考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分150 分。 2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第卷（笫1-12 页）和第卷（第13 页） ， 全卷共 13 页。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上 一律不得分。 3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上， 在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。 第 I 卷（共 103 分） I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Sectio
2、n A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on you
3、r paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. policewoman. B. A judge. C. A reporter. D. A waitress. 2. A. Confident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Worried. 3. A. At a restaurant. B. At a car rental agency. C. In a bank. D. In a driving school. 4. A. A disaste
4、r. B. A new roof. C. A performance. D. A TV station. 5. A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane. C. Get some stationery. D. Clean the backyard. 6. A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes. C. Protect herself from being hurt. D. Bargain with the shop assistant. 7. A. Use a computer in
5、the lab. B. Take a chemistry course. C. Help him revise his report. D. Gel her computer repaired. 8. A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Shocked. D. Sympathetic. 9. A. She doesnt plan to continue studying next year. B. She has already told the man about her plan. C. She isn t planning to leave her univers
6、ity. D. She recently visited a different university. 10. A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It misinterpreted the mayor s speech. C. It made the mayor s view clearer.D. It earned the mayor s speech accurately. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be ask
7、ed three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are ba
8、sed on the following passage. 11. A. 70 B. 20 C. 25. D. 75 12. A. The houses there cant be B. It is a place for work and holiday. C. he cabins and facilities D. It is run by the residents themselves. 13. A. A skiing B. A special community C. A splendid mountain D. A successful businesswoman Question
9、s 14 through 16 are based on the following news. 14. A. Those who often sent text messages. B. Those who suffered from heart disease. C. Those who did no physical exercise. D. whose who were unmarried 15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. B. They sent more messages. C. They typed 10 percent
10、faster on average. D. They edited more passages. 16. A. Why chemical therapy works. B. Why marriage helps fight cant C. How unmarried people survive D. How cancer is detected after marriage. Section C Directions:In Section C, you will heartwo longer conversations. The conversations will be read twic
11、e. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer. Travelers Survey Sheet T
12、ravel purpose: for a(n) 17 in London Comments on the airport environment / facilities: Likes: ?18 ?19 walkways Dislikes:? 20 shops ?small trolleys Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. What is critical thinkin
13、g in reading? Assessing the writer s ideas and thinking about the 21 of what the writer is saying. What is the first step in reading an academic text critically? Finding out the argument and the writers main line of 22 . What may serve as the evidence? 23 , survey results, examples, etc. What is the
14、 key to critical thinking? To read actively and 24 . II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given w
15、ord; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (A) My Stay in New York After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)_I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) _ (earn) some
16、 money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local caf as a waiter. I believe that (27) _ _ _ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once. Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) _ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respecta
17、ble job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) _ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) _my mother had told me was
18、 deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected. Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) _ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decid
19、ed to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) _I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me. (B) The giant vending machine (自动售货机 ) is a new village shop Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in fo
20、rm of the country s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week. Peter Fox, who is (33)_electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on t
21、he project. The machine (34)_ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window. Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35)_ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to conven
22、ience shopping for rural communities. He said:“I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36)_. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term “ automatic shop” is far (37)_ (appropriate) In rec
23、ent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38)_ force village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39)_ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores. Hundreds
24、of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40)_these villages without a local shop. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. N
25、ote that there is one word more than you need. A. alert B. classify C. commit D. delicately E. gentle F. impose G. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simply Lets say youve decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you dont have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food
26、_41_ at the supermarket. Since you really_42_ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldnt it? This is where a “choice architect“ can help_43_some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make d
27、ecisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up is a choice architect. Governments dont have to_44_healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an env
28、ironment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with_45_hints f
29、rom choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives. The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called “traffic light system“ to _46_foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each produ
30、ct contains_47_by looking at the lights on the package. A green light _48_that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be_49_; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in _50_. The customer is giv
31、en important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Research
32、has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films weve just watched or books weve just finished reading, but plain and simple _51_. Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what
33、do we _52_ do with it? We gossip. About others behaviour and private lives, such as whos doing what with whom, whos in and whos out-and why; how to deal with difficult _53_ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues. So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural _54_, of both time
34、and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? Its not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these
35、 really_55_issues. Dunbar _56_ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instea
36、d he suggests that language evolved among women. We dont spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar_57_, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip. Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the _58_ of the higher primates （灵长类动 物
37、） like monkeys. By means of grooming-cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or_59_ from outside it. As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family,
38、Dunbar _60_ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the _61_ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to _62_ the pressure and calm ev
39、erybody down. But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be _63_ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more _64_ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的） grooming which allowed humans to develop relat
40、ionship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one _65_ contact. 51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language 52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally 53. A. social B. political C. historical
41、 D. cultural 54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters 55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult 56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens 57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result 58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour 59. A. attack B.
42、 contact C. inspection D. assistance 60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses 61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection 62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease 63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained 64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful 65. A
43、. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secret Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in
44、 the passage you have just read. (A) Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals cant talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to
45、chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive. Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator （猎食动 物） gets close to
46、its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the “hurt“ adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest. Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. The
47、y watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else. Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They dont make nests. Inst
48、ead, they get into other birds nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them. Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand,
49、 too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winners hand and start fighting again. Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps dont hear them, and they dont need to