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1、 代词专题每年中考对代词的考查都占比较大的比重，通常集中在不定代词，其变化的多样性是考查的重点。1、 代词的定义和分类 代词是代替名词，形容词和数词的词，按其意义、特征及在句子中的作用可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、不定代词、相互代词、和关系代词等。部分代词如下表所示： 单数人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格 形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词I me my mine myself you you your yours yourself hehim his his himself she her her hers herself itit its its itself复数we
2、 us our ours ourselves you you your yours yourselves they them their theirs themselves 2、 代词的用法： 1. 人称代词 （1）人称代词有主格和宾格之分，通常主格做主语，宾格做宾语。 （2）人称代词还可作表语，做表语时用宾格。如： -Whos knocking on the door? -Its me(做表语). （3）人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如： He is older than me. He is older than I (am). 2. 物主代词 表示所属
3、关系的代词叫做物主代词。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两类。其用法如下。 （1）形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中做定语。如： This is her pencil-box. (2) 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句子中可以做主语、宾语和表语。如： Our school is here, and theirs is there. Johns car doesnt work. You can use mine. Is this English book yours(做表语)？ 3. 指示代词 指示代词包括this, that, these, those. (1) th
4、is 和 these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物，that和those则指时间或空间上较远的人或事物。如： This is a pen and that is a pencil. We are busy these days. In those days the workers had a hard time. (2) 有时that和those指前面讲过的事物，this和these则指下面要讲到的事物。如： I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. I want to say this: reading is very important in le
5、arning English.(3) 有时为了避免重复提到刚刚提到的名词，可用that或those替代。如： TV sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. Those who speak English can volunteer their time to teach poor kids. (4) this 在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。 Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack? 4. 反身代词 英语中反身代词表示“某人自己”的代词成为反身代词。反身代词可以在句子
6、中做宾语、表语、同位语。（1）做宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者。 He called himself a writer. (2) 做表语 It doesnt matter. Ill be myself soon. The girl in the news is herself. (3) 做主语或宾语的同位语，表示“亲自”，“本人”。如： I myself washed the clothes. (I washed the clothes (by) myself.) (4)用在固定短语中。如by myself, enjoy oneself, help oneself to, dress
7、oneself, lose oneself in, come to oneself. 5. 疑问代词 疑问代词用来构成特殊疑问句。 疑问代词主要有who, whom, whose, what, which等。 （1） who, what/ who 用于询问别人的姓名，身份或关系，what用于询问别人的职业。如： Who is that man over there? What does your father do?=What is your father? (2) Who, which /who 选择的对象没有范围限制， 回答可以指一人，也可以指几个人。Which选择的对象有范围的限制，回答
8、通常确定为一个。如： Who will go with me? Which of you will go with me? (3) What, which/ What 选择的范围没有限制，侧重于种类，而which表示在一定范围内选择，侧重于哪一个。如： What do you usually have for breakfast? Which would you like to have for breakfast, dumplings or noodles? (4)whose, whom /whose 是who的所有格，通常做定语或表语。而whom是who的宾格形式，通常用作宾语。如：who
9、m are you waiting for? 6. 不定代词 不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词在句子中可以做主语，表语，宾语，和定语。常见的不定代词有some, any, every, all, one, other, another, many, much, both, either, little, few以及由some, any, no, every加上one,body,thing构成的复合不定代词。 现将部分容易混淆的不定代词的用法说明如下。 (1) few，little，a little，a few few和little具有名词和形容词性质，在句子中可以用作主语，宾
10、语和定语等。Few与复数可数名词联用，little与不可数名词联用。Few和little表示否定，指“没有”，在反义疑问句中尤其要注意。a few 和a little 指有一些，相当于some。如： There is little time left, is there? I have a few good books. (2) many, much many 和much具有名词和形容词的性质，在句子中可做主语，宾语和定语。many用来代替或修饰复数可数名词，much用来代替或修饰不可数名词。many做主语时，动词用复数；much做主语时，动词用单数。如： There are many stu
11、dents on the playground. Much has been done by him. many可以放在复数可数名词比较级前。如：many more students much 可以放在不可数名词以及形容词、副词的比较级前。如：much more water, much healthier. (3) both, either, neither 这三个词都只是用于两者之间。both是指“两者都”，动词用复数，常用短语bothand如：Both Jim and Tom are from New Zealand. either 指“（两个中的）任意一个”，后面的谓语动词用单数。如：
12、Either of the plans is dangerous. Both of the plans are dangerous. either 常用在eitheror结构中，动词形式跟据就近原则由or后面的名词决定。如： Either Lucy or Lily has the chance. Either 在否定句中还可以表示“也”。如： I cant make cakes. He cant, either. neither 表示（两者）都不，用法和either相同，常用在短语neithernor中，动词形式跟据就近原则由nor后面的名词决定。如： Neither my sister no
13、r I am good at swimming. (4) other, another, the other, others, the others: 1) other作形容词时，修饰单数或复数名词。如I will come again some other days.我改日再来。2） another用于泛指三者以上的不定数目中的“另一个”，其所修饰的名词前不加冠词。如I dont want this one. Please give me another.我不想要这个，请给我另一个。 3） the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”，是特指。如There are six
14、 people in the room.Four are girls, the other two are boys.房间里有六个人，四个是女孩，其余两个是男孩。 4） others用作代词，泛指“其他人”或“其他事物”。如，Some are singing and dancing, some are drawing ,others are climbing the hill.一些人在唱歌，跳舞，一些人在画画，还有一些人在爬山。 5） the others指整体中除去一部分后，剩余的全部。如 There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty
15、of us are girls. The others are boys.我们班有五十五名学生，三十人是女生，其余的是男生。 （5） each，every 两者区别如下： Each Every 可单独使用不可单独使用 可用作名词、形容词 仅用作形容词着重“个别”。如：each student每个学生 着重“全体”。如：every student 所有学生用于两者或两者以上的每一个人或事物用于三者或三者以上的人或事物 考点摘要： 人称代词的特殊用法： 1. it作主语，表示天气，时间，距离等。如： It often rains in my hometown in spring. Its abou
16、t five oclock now. How far is it from here to your school? 2. It 还可以用作形式主语或形式宾语。如： It is difficult to finish so much homework. I think it easy to learn English. 选择题： 1 These are books. Yours are over there.A I B my C me D mine1答案B.析这里应用形容词性物主代词2 is she? She is a teacher.A What B How C Who D Where2 答
17、案A.析这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立，但其意义不同。What is she?应译为“她的工作是什么?”或“她是做什么的?”而How is she?应译为“她身体如何?”而Who is she?应译为“她是谁?”其答语应为“她叫什么名字。”而Where is she?应为“她在什么地方?”由答语决定了这道题的选择。3 is wrong with my watch. It has stopped.A Something, working B Something, to work C Any thing, working D Anything, to work3 答案A.析因为是肯定句所以应用
18、Something,其后由于表停止工作了，则stop后要用动名词。4 Mary, help to the bananas, please.A you B your C yourself D yourselves4 答案C.析help oneself to something为“自己拿某物”。yourself为“你一个人”，而yourselves为“你们”。5 do you go to school every day? By bus.A How B Why C When D Where5. 答案A. 析这题的答案是由问句决定的。6 My skirt is popular than.A much
19、, her B much, hers C more, her D more, hers6 答案D.析因句中有than,所以应选用比较级，而than后要选用名词性物主代词。7 Can you speak English? Yes, but only.A few B a few C little D a little7 答案D.析因会讲某种语言的多少要用a little,把它看作不可数名词对待，此答语为：是的，但仅仅会讲一点。8 Mr.Smith is an old friend of.A I B me C my D mine8 答案D.析这里应选名词性物主代词，这也是英语的一种习惯用法，而不要选
20、择my。9 “ do you hear from your parents?”“About once a month.”A How long B How many C How often D How much9 答案C.析How often问的是某一动作发生的频率，即在单位时间内发生多少次。10 Mr Green wouldnt say at the meeting.A everything B nothing C anything D something10 答案C.析在否定句中应用anything11 “Mum, Anns coming tonight. Lets give her to
21、eat.”“Good idea!”A anything nice B nice anything C something nice D nice something11 答案C.析肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代词的修饰词应放其后而不要放在其前面。12 When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening? I dont mind. time is OK.A Some B Neither C Either D Both12 答案C.析因如选用both则名词要用复数名词，也要用复数谓语动词，由于答语前有I dont m
22、ind 则决定不能选择neither.13 This is not her kite,but.A hes B him C he D his13 答案D.析要注意“他的”名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词是同形的。14 Dont worry, Mum! news is good news. Im sure daddy will come back soon.A No B Many C Those D Two 14 答案A.析这是一条谚语，即没有消息就是好消息。15 Mary has six apples. Her brother has three. She has apples than he.
23、A few B many C more D fewer15 答案C.析由于是比较级，根据题意应选“多于”而不是“少于”。16 There isnt in todays newspaper.A anything interesting B something interesting C nothing interesting D interesting anything16 答案A.析由于句子是否定句，应选择anything，而且不定代词的修饰语应放在其后面。17 September 10th is Day?A Teacher B Teachers C Teachers D Teachers17
24、 答案D.析教师节Teachers Day,儿童节 Childrens Day, 妇女节 Womens Day18 In England, people eat a lot of “takeaway” food. What about people in your country? A So we do. B We do so. C So do we. D We so do.18 答案C.析在答语中用简略方式表达上文的一个动作同样适用于另一个主语时，则要采用倒装句，但如果仅仅是对上句的重复则不要倒装。19 Shall we go into that shop and have a look?
25、Sorry. I wont. I have to do there.A everything B anything C something D nothing19 答案D.析这个答案的选择应由上下两句对话内容作出决定。20 Oh, dear! Who broke the glass? Sam Bruce. It was the cat.A Both, and B Not, but C Neither, nor D Either, or20 答案C.析neithernor意为既不也不21 The students are having a good time in the park. Some
26、are drawing by the lake.are climbing the hill.A Others B Other C Another D The other21答案A.析这里因为是代替复数名词，所以应用名词性的复数代名词。22 She is not a nurse. Im not.A also B either C neither D too22 答案B.析在否定句中该用either,而不用too和also.23 I have two pencils. One is red, is blue.A the other B another C others D the others23
27、 答案A.析两者中的另一个应为特指。而且应为单数形式的代名词。而another是泛指单数代名词。others是泛指复数代名词，而the others是特指复数代名词。24. Sorry, I cant answer your question. I know about the subject.A little B a little C few D a few24 答案A.析中文讲我对此知道的不多，而英文中要用little。其含意为否定句。25 My sister doesnt like skating. . A So do I B So I dont C Neither I dont D N
28、either do I25 答案D.析这是表达上面否定句中的动作，也同样不适合于第二个人。所以要用neither,并要采用倒装句。26 Yesterday morning there were only three boys in our room,.A you, he and I B I, you and he C he, I and you D you, I and he26 答案A.析这是若干人称代词并列时的顺序问题。请参看辨析中的例子。27 All the students are busy, soof them will go to the concert.A many B litt
29、le C a few D few27 答案D.析student为可数名词28 The teacher gave student a new book.A nobody B both C each D any28 答案C.析both其后的名词应为复数，而any用于疑问句和否定句中只有each可以修饰单数可数名词。29 Black is neither a teacher a worker.A or B either C nor D and29 答案C.析neithernor为“既不也不”的固定搭配30 Our teacher gave uson studying.A many advices B
30、 some advices C an advice D some advice30 答案D.析advice为不可数名词。some可用于可数或不可数名词之前31 There are two foreign friends in the park. One is from Japan, is from America.A other B others C the other D the others31 答案C.析因为是两者中的一个，所以另一个应用单数特指代词。32 Are there on the table?A some cups B any cup C some cup D any cups
31、32 答案D.析此句是疑问句，应用any cups, 因提问时的be动词用的是are。33 Ive just bought five stamps. One is a German stamp, are American stamps.A the other B the others C other D others33 答案B.析此空应填入主语。又因其范围已定，所以应选特指的代名词。the other只能用作单数，而others是泛指复数代名词，故只能选B。34 It was fine day that they went to the park.A a so B so a C such a
32、 D a such34 答案C.析在单数可数名词前可以有两种表达法，即such+不定冠词+形容词+可数名词单数形式，如：such a good day，或者用so加形容词+不定冠词+可数名词单数，如：so good a day.35 At that time the train was slow and noisy. Sopeople liked taking trains.A little B a little C few D a few35 答案C.析这是英文的表达法与中文不同之处。中文讲只有少数人喜欢坐火车，英文要选用“few”。36 We must help and understan
33、d each.A other B another C others D the other36 答案A.析each other意为“互相”，是习惯用语。37 is difficult to walk on the moon.A Man B One C That D It37 答案D.析这里的真正主语应为不定式to walk on the moon.而形式主语只能用it.38 Jane has sent several letters, but of them have been answered. 38答案DA all B both C either D none39 I dont know about the new headmaster. 39 答案D. A something B everything C nothing D anything40 of the students in the whole class could do this physics question. 40 答案B.A No B None C Not D Neither6