八年级完形填空专练.pdf

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1、八年级完形填空专练 如何做完形填空 一、完型填空测试的步骤 1 完型填空题测试点 完型填空题测试点主要在语法、词法、理解、综合、背景知识几方面。具体讲： 语法题包括词序、结构词（连词、介词的搭配）、动词词形（时态、语态、语气、动名 词、不定式、分词）、不定代词的用法、比较级的使用。这类题的选择一般在句子里就可做 出正确判断。词汇题一般是实义词，包括名词（词组）、形容词、副词等，不仅包括它们的 同义词、近义词，而且还包括词的搭配、习惯用法。选择时要根据上下文，甚至在通篇理解 的基础上，往往不能根据一句话做出准确的选择，要防止“见树不见林”的现象。 背景知识题主要是考查读者的常识。有时文章中提供的

2、信息并不够，还需要与读者头脑 中储存的一般知识信息结合起来考虑，最后做出符合常识的最佳选择。当然， 试题的设计者 应尽量避免这类题的出现，因为它已超出了语言考查的范围。综合题在英语知识运用（Cloze Test ）中也占一定的比例。特别是在近几年考试中，这种题的出现加大了试题的难度，它往 往在一道题中对词汇和语法同时进行了考查。 2做完型填空试题的一般方法、步骤 （1）细读首句、启示全文。完型填空所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空格，因 此它往往是了解文章全貌的“窗口”；因此可判断文章体裁，推测文章大意，对我们理解全 文有重要的启示作用。 （2）通读全文，掌握大意。先要稳下心来，“硬着头皮”

3、把短文从头到尾快速阅读一 至两遍， 以从整体上感知全文，掌握大意。跳过空格、不看选项、快速阅读，困难肯定是有的。 但要注意文中的暗示，努力找出关键词。如果是故事性文章，那时间、地点、人物就是关键 词；抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索，进而理解全文， 此时选填就不会是胡猜乱填。可见， 通读全文进而掌握大意是做好“完型填空”的先决条件。在掌握了短文大意之后，才可边读 短文边选择答案。在阅读过程中， 也许有些答案会在脑海中浮现，有些觉得很有把握或是不 大，这时最好不要急于动笔，先读完。因为有些空白处，从单一的句子本身来看是难以确定 答案的。 因此， 完型填空难度在于要能大致读懂一篇留有许多空白的短文，

4、这就要求考生具 有相当的阅读能力和通过长期大量阅读而形成的语感。 （3）瞻前顾后，先易后难。瞻前顾后即前后观察，对空格前后句子作深入分析，确定 空格在句中的意思。如果是语法问题，不仅要考虑时态、语态，还要考虑整个词法、句法。 如果是语义问题， 要从上下文分析， 依据短文自身完整的语言环境进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。 先易后难就是首先选出那些只根据上下文就能确定的、直接的、 明显的答案， 诸如固定词组、 常见句型等。这就增强了信心，减轻了心理压力，以便集中精力解决难度较大的选项。瞻前 顾后，不要忘记首尾照应，首句之重要大家已注意，同时不要忽视尾句的画龙点睛的作用。 另外要牢记文章的中心思想，每个空白

5、处的含义与前后句的意思要联系起来理解。文章最前 面的空格提出的问题很有可能要到文章的末尾才能找到答案。 （4）上下连贯，合乎逻辑。这是从句子结构的角度来考虑。如果空白处位于引导状语 从句的位置上，则首先要分清是何种状语从句（时间、原因、条件、结果、目的、让步、比 较关系、行为方式），然后再选择适当的词填空。总之，填入单词后要使句子意思和结 构都完整，上下连贯，合乎逻辑。 （5）复核全文，消除疏漏。填空全部完成后，还要通读一遍，检查是否前后贯通、内 容清楚、主题突出。复读过程中，如果有某些地方意义含混或矛盾，就应该依据文章的中心 意思来重新考虑。凡不通之处，必有待推敲的疑点。应从意义和语法两个角

6、度仔细权衡，加 以改正，以便弥补疏漏。从语法上，检查一下所完成的句子是否主谓一致：时态、语态是否 正确；句词、代词的性、格是否一致；动词、形容词、名词与介词的搭配是否准确无误。对 于个别难度较大的空项，可以凭着自己的语感，坚持第一感觉选择的答案 二、完型填空解题技巧 英语知识运用是一种综合测试方式。通过研究历年考题发现，考生要准确补全文章空 白处，使其意义连贯，应实现四种类型的语篇衔接，即语义衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接 和惯用衔接。要实现这四种衔接，考生可联系上下文逻辑关系，或依据一些线索词来完成。 以下将从词汇、语法、语篇三个层面介绍一下这四种衔接的特点、反映在试题上的考点 及其做题技巧。 （

7、一）词汇 1利用动词词组中的介词或副词确定正确选项 如果我们认识某一词组，可根据自己的判断毫不犹豫地选择你认为是正确的选项。如 果不认识或拿不准它们的意义，我们可以根据动词后边的介词或副词进行推导。 2利用固定搭配或习惯用语 四级词汇题目涉及对各种短语、固定词组和惯用语的测试，其所占的比例相当大。测试 范围包括动词短语、动词与其他词语构成的习语、介词短语、 形容词短语等。这类词组主要 是习惯性和固定搭配用法，不能主观臆测，也不能随意创造，只能靠死记硬背。 3根据邻近原则，利用词语意义的互相联系，确定选择的依据。 （1）选项为名词时，其前后的名词为选择的依据。 （2）选项为动词、动词词组（包括动

8、名词、动词的分词形式）时，其前后的动词、名 词、介词为选择依据。 （3）选项为形容词时，可以其前后出现的名词、动词、副词、介词为依据。 （4）选项为副词时，其前后出现的动词、形容词、副词为判断依据。 （二）语法 熟悉历年考题中常出现的语法考点。 分析前后分句间的逻辑等同关系，进行逻辑推理， 从而确定正确选项在完型填空中，句 子间的逻辑关系主要包括： 表示并列关系的连接词有and，while等。 表示转折关系的连接词有but ，however，though ，whereas，nevertheless，although ， yet ，on the contrary，otherwise ，on th

9、e other hand，after all， for all，still， notwithstanding等。 表示顺序关系的连接词有before ，after，and，to begin with， first， firstly， second， secondly，出 en，next ， finally，and so on等。 表示解释关系的连接词有that is to say，in other words，to put it another way 等。 表示因果关系的连接词有so ， therefore， thus ， because ， accordingly， as a result

10、， consequently，hence，for this reason，for ，since ， as 等。 表示让步关系的连接词有though ， although ， despite ， in spite of ， after all ， even though ， even if, while， whereas 等。 表示条件关系的连接词有it, unless，once， provided that，in case （of ）等。 表示附加说明、 例证的连接词有likewise， similarly， in a like manner， for example， for instanc

11、e， incidentally， indeed ， in fact， in other words， in particular， specifically，that is， to illustrate等。 表示概括总结的连接词有so，in brief，in short， in conclusion，in a word， on the whole ， generally speaking， to sum up， to summarize， to conclude 等。 （三）语篇 1利用句中的释义、同位替代或定语解释 在阅读过程中碰到意义不清的词语，有时句子本身就包含一些线索，如同义、 反义关

12、系、 定义、比喻、同位语、举例、归纳、归类等等，考生要学会在句中找出这些线索，从而更好 地理解短文内容。 2通过理解上下文语义，根据相关线索词（尤其是连接词）作逻辑推理 （1）原因、结果：表示某一事物发生的原因。表示原因的连词写在表示原因的句子内， 结果连词用来连接某一事物所引起的结果。表达原因、结果的常用词或词组有：because， since ， as， due to the fact that ， so， therefore， thus ， hence， accordingly， consequently， as a result，as a consequence，now that ，i

13、n that等。 （2）转折、让步：它表示后一种观点或事实与前一种观点或事实相比有些出乎意料。 常用的词或词组有：however，vet ， but ，anyhow， anyway，nevertheless，in spite of 等。 （3）比较、对比：比较关系表示意义上的相似关系；对比关系表示意义上的不同或相 反。表达比较、对比的常见词和词组有：in comparison ，by comparison ，like ，as，just as， in contrast，by contrast，conversely，oppositely， on the contrary， instead of ，

14、 rather than等。 （4）列举：指叙述一系列相关的事实、观点等。表示列举逻辑关系的可以是单词，也 可以是词组，常见的有：first（ ly ），second（ly ），third （ly ）； first，next ，then ， last ：one， two， three ； for one thing，for another thing等。 （5）补充：表示对前一个事实或观点做进一步的阐述。表示这种逻辑关系的词或词组 常用的有： also ， too ， similarly， further， moreover ， likewise， in addition， furthermo

15、re， whats more ，not onlybut also， some others 等。 3根据上下文，寻找连接通篇的复现词语 词汇的复现关系是指某一词以原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、反义词、概括词等出现 在语篇中， 句子通过这种重现关系得到了相互衔接。根据这一原则， 有时某一个空格所对应 的答案可能就是在上下文中复现的相关词。我们可以根据这些复现词之间的有机联系找到正 确的答案。 考试题中出现的同现现象主要是动词与名词的同现、形容词与名词的同现、名词 与名词的同现。 4参照语境，利用文章线索、举例或提示 所谓语境就是我们常说的上下文。广义的语境指所有的上下文，段与段之间、 句子与句

16、子之间、 句子与段之间的语义关系。一切语义的理解都离不开上下文。狭义的语境是指句子 内部的词语在语义上的联系，我们根据这些联系和选项的辨析选出正确的答案，这种语境原 则上应与词汇水平中的辨析结合起来。 由于完型填空的短文是一个意义完整、上下关联的语篇，它所讨论的是同一主题，行文 中的替代现象和词语重复都是不可避免的。因此在解答时，应该瞻前顾后，寻找相关线索， 如同义、 近义词， 有时甚至直接搬用文章中的词语或短语。考生应该学会跳出句子层次的樊 篱，联系句际间的意义衔接和前后段落的呼应关系，在大范围内进行总体把握，形成“全景 式”的考虑。 5利用文章相关背景知识和常识 完型填空短文的内容经常涉及

17、到的是日常生活或常识。例如，2002 年考到的短文是关于媒 体的发展历史及信息社会。如果出现这种情况，要善于利用相关背景或常识来增强理解，帮 助答 . 下面我们以一篇完形填空为例来看一看： I cant remember when I started collecting litter. But it was when I got tired of _1_ litter nearby and realized that no one else was going to pick it up. I live _2_ a forest in Ohio, America. I can walk th

18、ere _3_ three minutes.I used to love going there to play with my dog. But one day there was _4_ much litter there that I became very unhappy. I decided I had to clean up the forest. I wanted to _5_ happy going there again. I _6_ my first trip to clean the forest that afternoon. I took a big black ru

19、bbish bag with me. Ten minutes _7_ starting to pick up litter, my bag was full! It had cans, _8_, broken glass and newspapers in it. From then on, I _9_ to the forest four times a year to pick up litter. I m often there for three hours. It makes me feel _10_ to do something for the environment. Afte

20、r each trip, I look at all the litter that Ive found. If _11_ of it is recyclable, I keep it. I _12_ understand why people drop litter. But I will keep picking it up _13_ they stop _14_it.I know I am only doing a small bit _15_ the Earth, but I still think it is important. 【小题 1】Aseeing Bthrowing Cd

21、ropping D cleaning 【小题 2】Afar away from Bnear Cnearly D alone 【小题 3】Aafter Bfor Cwith D in 【小题 4】Asuch Bvery Cso D too 【小题 5】Amake Bfeel Clook D find 【小题 6】Awent Bmade Cgot D tried 【小题 7】Aafter Blater Cbefore D of 【小题 8】Ajuice box Bplastic bag Cbottles D waster papers 【小题 9】Ahad gone Bhave gone Cwen

22、t D will go 【小题 10】Atired B sad Cinteresting Dgreat 【小题 11】Amany B some Cany Dmuch 【小题 12】Adidn t B mustn t Cneednt Dcan t 【小题 13】Auntil B after Cas soon as Dwhen 【小题 14】Ato drop B dropping Cbeing dropped Ddrop 【小题 15】Ahelped B to help Chelp Dhelping 答案： ABDCB BBCCD CDABB 解析： 试题分析： 在我家附近有片树林，以前我经常带着

23、小狗到那里去玩，突然有天我发现那里的 垃圾特多， 于是我就决定到那里捡垃圾。从那以后我每年四次去那里捡垃圾。为自然环境做 点事情我感到非常的光荣。决心将这件事情坚持到底。 【小题 1】此题考查固定句型结构get tired of doing sth表示厌倦做某事，根据语境可 知作者不愿意看到周围的垃圾，故选A。 【小题 2】此题考查副词，根据语境可知我步行三分钟到达那儿，说明住的很近，故选B 。 【小题 3】此题考查介词，表示在几分钟之内要用in ，故选 D。 【小题 4】 此题考查固定句型结构sothat如此以至于因有副词much故用 so， 故选 C。 【小题 5】此题考查固定句型结构wa

24、nt to do sth表示需要做某事。Feel happy表示感到 开心，故选B。 【小题 6】此题考查动词，表示第一次去清扫森林，故用make ，要用过去时故选B。 【小题 7】此题考查对语境的正确理解，ten minutes later表示十分钟之后，故选B。 【小题 8】此题考查名词，根据语境可知选择C，捡了一些瓶子。 【小题 9】 此题考查固定短语go to 表示去某地， 因描述的是过去时间的事情，故用过去时。 选 C。 【小题 10】此题考查形容词，保护环境应是光荣的事情，故选D。 【小题 11】此题考查不定代词，此句的含义是任何一个能回收的我都收起来，故选C。 【小题 12】此题

25、考查情态动词，根据语境可知我明白人们为什么随便丢垃圾，故选A。 【小题 13】此题考查介词，表示直到根据语境可知此句的含义是我一直捡垃圾，直到人 们不丢弃了为止，故选A。 【小题 14】此题考查固定句型结构stop doing sth表示停止做某事，故选B 【小题 15】此题考查动词不定式做目的状语，故选B。 考点：完型填空 点评：本文主要介绍了我到我家附近的森林去捡垃圾的事情。内容比较简单， 空格设计合理。 难度不大。 完型填空要掌握一定的方法。根据上下文语境先找出所应填的词，再在文中找出 相应的时间词或单复数词，再变换词的单复数或时态。 1 It was five in the after

26、noon. A bus 1 a small town. Mrs Morison got off and went in a restaurant by the road, with a small beautiful dog, she was travelling in 2 , she looked for her dog at noon and missed her lunch. So she was 3 now and wanted to have something there. The waiter received the visitor 4 . But he knew little

27、 English and the woman couldn t speak French. They talked for a while 5 couldnt understand each other. She had to point to her 6 and then slapped （拍） the dog s belly （肚 子）. The waiter seemed to know 7 she wanted and carried the dog into the kitchen. About half an hour some dishes were brought to the

28、 woman. They were all 8 and she was pleased with them. After she paid for her bill. She didnt leave she waited for a while and said 9 to the waiter and they began to quarrel （争吵） . Just at that moment the manager came back. He talked with the woman and then with the waiter. At last he understood. Th

29、e English woman told the waiter to 10 her dog, but he thought she told him to cook it for her! ( )1. A. left B. stopped in C. went out of D. went through ( )2. A. England B. America C. Germany D. France ( )3. A. asleep B. awake C. hungry D. thirsty ( )4. A. warmly B. coldly C. angrily D. quietly ( )

30、5. A. and B. yet C. but D. for ( )6. A. mouth B. nose C. face D. head ( )7. A. how B. when C. where D. what ( )8. A. terrible B. delicious C. bad D. poor ( )9. A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything ( )10. A. kill B. feed C. hurt D. keep 答案： BDCAC ADBCB 2 Dennis is a schoolboy from Shangh

31、ai. He 1 some New Years resolutions yesterday. He wants to 2 . So he is going to exercise more and eat a lot of healthier food. He 3 junk food. He is going to make a soccer team because he likes it and he is also good at playing 4 . He is going to be the 5 of the soccer team. He also wants to improv

32、e his 6 . He is going to read English every morning. He is going to 7 a pen pal in English or Australia. And he id going to write letters or e-mails in English 8 His pen pal. When he grows up, he is going to be a doctor for children. He wants to help sick people. He is going to go to medical school

33、for six years first 9 he finishes high school. He is going to work hard. He loves children and he thinks 10 children will be wonderful. ( )1. A. had B. made C. did D. listed ( )2. A. keep fit B. keep young C. keep old D. keep fat ( )3. A. didnt eat B. is going to eat C. isn t going to eat D. eats (

34、)4. A. basketball B. volleyball C. soccer D. baseball ( )5. A. captain B. player C. friend D. classmate ( )6. A. Chinese B. English C. Japanese D. French ( )7. A. find B. build C. get D. look for ( )8. A. with B. in C. on D. to ( )9. A. where B. when C. why D. what ( )10.A. looking for B. looking li

35、ke C. looking at D. looking after 答案： BACCA BCDBD 3 Mike always loves ships. When he was a child, he said, “ I m going to 31 a naval soldier (海军士兵 ) when I grow up.” But his eyes were not very 32 , so he could not join the navy. Then he said, “I m going to 33 a ship and travel around the world.” But

36、 ships were very expensive, and Mike did not have enough 34 . Last summer Mike found a swimming 35 . He didn t have to 36 much for the lessons, so he began going to the school on weekends. Now he is a good swimmer. Last week a little boy said to him, “You re a very good swimmer. 37 do you learn to s

37、wim so well?” “I m not good at all,” Mike said. “ 38 I m in the water, I say to myself, There are 39 fishes behind me! Then Im very afraid (害怕 的), and I 40 quickly.” ( )31. A. am B. is C. was D. be ( )32. A. big B. Beautiful C. good D. strong ( )33. A. buy B. see C. show D. draw ( )34. A. food B. wo

38、rk C. time D. money ( )35. A. park B. school C. pool D. mall ( )36. A. pay B. use C. take D. send ( )37. A. Where B. How C. Who D. What ( )38. A. If B. When C. Though D. Because ( )39. A. interesting B. Kind C. Dangerous D. different ( )40. A. run B. ride C. swim D. drive 答案： DCADB ABBCC 4 Eliza com

39、es 1 England. Shes fourteen. Shes in China with her family now. She is a student 2 No.15 Middle School. She likes her school and all of her classmates. She thinks they are very friendly to her. She likes Chinese, 3 . But she 4 speak Chinese very well. Eliza gets up very early 5 morning. She has some

40、 milk and eggs 6 breakfast. And she goes to school by bus. She doesnt like to 7 late. In the evening she does 8 homework and read newspapers. She 9 to bed at nine. She is very 10 every day. ( ) 1. A. from B. in C. of D. with ( ) 2. A. in B. of C. at D. with ( ) 3. A. either B. too C. also D. and ( )

41、 4. A. can B. is C. can t D. doesn t ( ) 5. A. in B. of C. at D. every ( ) 6. A. of B. for C. in D. at ( ) 7. A. be B. is C. am D. are ( ) 8. A. ones B. her C. she D. his ( ) 9. A. go B. is go C. goes D. want ( ) 10. A. sad B. good C. well D.happy 答案： ABBCD BABCD 5 Yesterday was Saturday. Mr. King _

42、51_ his family to the People s Park in the _52_. They got up early and had _53_ quickly. After that they went to the park _54_ their car. It was nine oclock when they got there. There were many _55 in the park. Lily _56_ the hill in the middle of the park. Lucy flew a kite _57_ some other children.

43、Mr. King and his wife were tired after five days _58_. They sat under a tree and had a _59_. The King family had a _60_ time there. ( ) 1. A. told B. took C. called D. brought ( ) 2. A. morning B. afternoon C. evening D. night ( ) 3. A. meal B. supper C. lunch D. breakfast ( ) 4. A. on B. by C. with

44、 D. in ( ) 5. A. people B. cars C. buses D. kites ( ) 6. A. saw B. climbed C. left D. found ( ) 7. A. behind B. after C. with D. before ( ) 8. A. time B. home C. work D. game ( ) 9. A. rest B. look C. work D. swim ( ) 10.A. hard B. good C. long D. Short 答案： BADDA BCCAB 6 Many children act in TV show

45、s. They work several 1 _ every day. So they cant go to regular( 正规的 ) 2 . How do they get their schooling? In Hollywood, about forty teachers give 3 _ for the children. Their work is very important. They make 4 that the child 5 many different subjects. They make sure6 that the child gets enough rest

46、 and 7 . Children in Holleywood must attend classes twenty hours 8 week.If not, they cant work in TV shows any 9 . TV children are usually 10 pupils, and most of their teachers 11 this kind of week. They give the 12 lessons in many interesting 13 . Sometimes the “classroom ” is a Mississipi boat. 14

47、 it is the inside of a spaceship. Often the pupils become 15 stars. ( )1. A. hours B. minutes C. seconds D. days ( )2. A. farm B. factory C. school D. club ( )3. A. classes B. lessons C. homework D. work ( )4. A. clear B. interesting C. sure D. fun ( )5. A. learns B. knows C. forgets D. loves ( )6. A. still B. yet C. also D. already ( )7. A. money B. work C. study D. play ( )8. A. each B. all C. another D. other ( )9. A. time B. week C. more D. way ( )10. A. bad B. good C. busy D. lonely ( )11. A. like B. have C. follow D.think ( )12. A. work B. pupils C. friends D. parents ( )13. A. place