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1、holiday, pension and health, cultural and creative experience, sports healt h, farming, rural bed and breakfasts in new formats. Three is the brand to create articles. XX agricultural comparative advantage into full play, especially the exclusive advantages of climate, mountains and sea resources, t
2、o create a group of the city, the provinces “called“ XX seafood, snack foods and safe agricultural products brand chara cteristics. Meanwhile, new industry guidance, support more farmers to participate in entrepreneurship, promoting large-scale projects such as bed and breakfasts, farm, seed breedi
3、ng base construction. Four is the mechanism innovation of the article. Deepe n agricultural reform, focusing on supporting foster professional major, family farms, cooperatives, enterprises and other new subjects of agricultural management, improve agricult ural production and operation of large-sca
4、le, professional level. Advance the reform of property right system in rural areas, to pay special attention to land rights, improve the function of property rights trading center to guide land management to professional users, family farms, cooperatives, leading enterprises in circulation. Spare no
5、 effort to promote the provinces “Trinity“ farmer cooperative economy organization sy stem reform of County building, and actively explore the Trinity of production, supply and marketing, creditFarmer cooperative economy organization system, real organic aggregates up to all kinds of business entiti
6、es, closely linked to the all aspects of production and marketing. (B) to make the countryside more beautiful. Promoting the construction of new towns and new countryside reactions together, strengthening the construction of rural eco-environment, create the beautiful countryside construction upgrad
7、es, making rural areas more livable, suitable for industry, nd travel. A focus on rural environment improvement. As far as the rural, the most basic is to make the environment clean and orderly. Pollution to extensively mobilize the masses conti nue to carry water, clear rivers, down violations, tre
8、atment of bleachi ng, such as waste reduction, flowering tree “big six“, vigorously carry out waste reduction, resource recovery, impr ove the cleaning mechanism, enhance the level of meticulous management of the village. Second, we must pay special attention to the beautiful residential building. A
9、 dhere t o the “planni ng ahead, because village system, combination classification implementation, demolition, alteration simultaneously“ policy, vigorously implement the “five hundred“ beautiful countryside construction, actively promote “beautiful house“ pilot expansion. Around 104 national road,
10、 Ling Road, longjindadao, sea road, Ju XI Liao road to catch t he five sides of the main roads i n about 200 villages, beautiful countryside features boutique village created, good job on planni ng, environmental protecti on, cult ural heritage, industrial development, crafting lines to create the b
11、eautiful rural scenery, boutique village breed characteristics. No matter which s long as they ca ught up peach Lake and village after eight acres to create a standard, even if the County financial to be nervous, the County Government will fulfil their commitments, and 3 million Yuan/v illage of sub
12、sidies. Third, we must pay special attention to development of beauty industry. Construction and traditional villages and beautiful countryside pr otection of history and culture village, rural tourism, bed a nd breakfast in combining economic, on rural tourism development in pre cise and accurate p
13、ositioning, preci sion marketing, supply, and vig orously promote the beautiful rural landscape of rural tourism complex, line, fashion boutique farm village construction and strive to build a group of XX feature quality boutique accommodation proje ct. (C) efforts to get farmers to become even rich
14、e r. “Off not well-off, the key to fellow“, the “three agriculture“, final destination was improving farmers welfare, improving farmers living standards. Focus on three aspects: one is “increasing income-generating“ efforts. Actively developi ng the characteristic agricult ure, processing, e-commerc
15、e, farm and bed and breakfast in economy, ensure a stable operating income growth. Deepen the “three rights“ rights empowering the reform, promoting the property income growth. Strengthening of farmers skills training, increase employment levels, prom oting sustained growth in wage income. Gui de en
16、terprises to strengthen social responsibility, equality and mutual benefit, and signe d a contract of purchase and sale of agricultural products for farmers, cooperatives and farmers are encouraged “guaranteed earni ngs + share“ distribution sy stem, sharing the value-added benefits of industrial de
17、velopment. Second in the growing coll ective efforts. City has developed the implementation of village-level collective economy three years cultivating meter, Requires t hree years of hard work a nd largely kongkecun, the majority of villages have operating income. Against this target, we have to be
18、 base d on local conditions, use your head, and actively explore and find ways, and ensure completion of tasks in the city. Third, work on stre ngthened safeguards. Advanci ng precision of poverty, improve the low-income househol d tracking, dynamic management mechanism, especially for “unemployed c
19、an hol d, unable to get out of poverty“ of poverty, further strengthening the fallback of subsistence allowances and social assistance, and address the basi c needs of poor people. Deepening the reform of public services in r ural areas, focus on resolving prominent weakness of rural public service
20、and people s livelihood facilities, such as through the teaching, medical and other ways to improve educational levels, improving health conditi ons i n rural areas. By encouraging the Central village to set up day care centres to promote old-age home, rural elderly pension problems. Third, firmly g
21、rasp and continue d to play well “five water treatment of“ winning the war on February 29 this year, the provinces “five water treatment 成都市“十二五”教育科研名师专项课题 农村初中生自主合作学习方式的实践研究 开题报告 一、课题名称：农村初中生自主合作学习方式的实践研究 二、课题提出的背景 : （一）政策依据 20 世纪 80 年代以来，重构基础教育课程已成为世界各国课程改革的突出特 点。我国在 2001 年 6 月正式颁布了基础教育课程改革纲要（试行），
22、这标 志着中国进入新课程改革的时代。促进学生学习方式的变革是新课程改革的重 点之一。因此，倡导自主学习成为转变学生学习方式的首要任务。而研究促进 学生自主合作学习的指导策略也就具有较强的现实意义。 （二）现实依据 我校是一所 地处丘陵的 农村学校，学生生源主要来自农村家庭。 1、由于农村的实际情况所限，学生从小到大，只会在老师的要求下学习， 而不会主动去学习 。学习很被动，学习效率也不高。 2、进入初中过后，由于课程的增多，学习负担更加繁重。加上家庭原因， 家长为了生存忙于挣钱，对孩子的饮食起居没有时间照顾，对孩子的学习更是 不重视，而他们是一群处在青春期的孩子，由于缺少约束力和自制力，也就无
23、 法养成良好的行为习惯。在学校听完老师的说教，回到家没有人来约束，这些 都导致学生的学习的积极性越来越差，学习效率也越发低下，厌学情绪越来越 重 我们看在眼里，急在心里。家长放弃了，我们不能放弃。 而要改变这些，就要求我们要想方设法帮助学生学习，帮助学生提高学习的效 率，使他们的学习成绩有所提高，从而改变对学习的态度，增加对学习的兴趣。 这都迫使我们老师要在交给学生学习方法上动脑筋，下功夫。 3、我们虽然是一所农村初中，但同样面临着周围同类学校的强烈的竞争。 优胜劣汰，这是社会的必然。教育质量的低下，势必危及到学校的进一步发展。 市区教育主管部门也在积极开展向课堂要效率的“聚焦课程课堂，内涵特
24、色发 holiday, pension and health, cultural and creative experience, sports healt h, farming, rural bed and breakfasts in new formats. T hree is the brand to create articles. XX agricultural comparative advantage into full play, especially the exclusive advantages of climate, mountains and sea resource
25、s, to create a group of the city, the provinces “called“ XX seafood, snack foods and safe agricultural products brand chara cteristics. Meanwhile, new industry guidance, support more farmers to participate in entrepreneurship, promoting large-scale projects such as bed and breakfasts, farm, seed bre
26、edi ng base construction. Four is the mechanism innovation of the artcle. Deepe n agricultural reform, focusing on supporting foster professional major, family farms, cooperatives, enterprises and other new subjects of agricultural management, improve agricult ural production and operation of large-
27、scale, professional level. Advance the reform of property right system in rural areas, to pay special attention to land rights, improve the function of property rights trading center to guide land management to professional users, family farms, cooperatives, leading enterprises in circulation. Spare
28、 no effort to promote the provinces “Trinity“ farmer cooperative economy organization sy stem reform of County building, and actively explore the Trinity of production, supply and marketing, creditFarmer cooperative economy organization system, real organic aggregates up to all kinds of business ent
29、ities, closely linked to the all aspects of production and marketing. (B) to make the countryside more beautiful. Promoting the construction of new towns and new countryside reactions together, strengthening the construction of rural eco-environment, create the beautiful countryside construction upg
30、rades, making rural areas more livable, suitable for industry, nd travel. A focus on rural environment improvement. As far as the rural, the most basic is to make the environment clean and orderly. Pollution to extensively mobilize the masses conti nue to carry water, clear rivers, down violations,
31、treatment of bleachi ng, such as waste reduction, flowering tree “big six“, vigorously carry out waste reduction, resource recovery, impr ove the cleaning mechanism, enhance the level of meticulous management of the village. Second, we must pay special attention to the beautiful residential building
32、. A dhere t o the “planni ng ahead, because village system, combination classification implementation, demolition, alteration simultaneously“ policy, vigorously implement the “five hundred“ beautiful countrysi de construction, actively promote “beautiful house“ pilot expansion. Around 104 national r
33、oad, Ling Road, longjindadao, sea road, Ju XI Liao road to cat ch the five sides of the main roads i n about 200 villages, beautiful countryside features boutique village created, good job on planni ng, environmental protecti on, cult ural heritage, industrial development, crafting lines to create t
34、he beautiful rural scenery, boutique village breed characteristics. No matter which s long as they caught up peach Lake and village after eight acres to create a standard, even if the County financial to be nervous, the County Government will fulfil their commitments, and 3 million Yuan/v illage of
35、subsidies. Third, w e must pay special attention to development of beauty industry. Construction and traditional villages and beautiful countryside protection of history and culture village, rural tourism, bed and breakfast in combining economic, on rural tourism developme nt in precise and accurate
36、 positioning, preci sion marketing, supply, and vigorously promote the beutiful rural landscape of rural tourism complex, line, fashion boutique farm village construction and strive to build a group of XX feature quality boutique accommodation project. (C) efforts to get farmers to become even riche
37、r. “Off not well-off, the key to fellow“, the “three agriculture“, final destination was improving farmers welfare, improving farmers living standards. Focus on three aspects: one is “increasing income-generating“ efforts. Actively developing the characteristi c agriculture, proce ssing, e-commerce,
38、 farm and bed and breakfast in economy, ensure a stable operating income growth. Deepen the “three rights“ rights empowering the reform, promoting the property income growth. Strengthening of farmers skills training, increase employment levels, promoting sustained growth in wage income. Guide enterp
39、rises to strengthen social responsibility, equality and mutual benefit, and signed a contract of purcha se and sale of agricultural products for farmers, cooperatives and farmers are encouraged “guaranteed earnings + share“ distribution system, sharing the value-added benefits of industrial developm
40、ent. Second in the growing colle ctive efforts. City has developed the implementation of village-level collective economy three years cultivating meter, Requires three years of hard work and largely kongkecun, the majority of villages have operating income. Against this target, we have to be based o
41、n local conditions, use your head, and actively explore and find ways, and ensure completion of tasks in the cit y. Third, work on strengthened safeguards. Advancing precisi on of poverty, improve the low-income household tracking, dynamic management mechanism, especially for “unemployed can hol d,
42、unable to get out of poverty“ of poverty, further strengthening the fallback of subsistence allowances and social assistance, and address the basi c needs of poor people. Deepening the reform of public services in r ural areas, focus on resolving prominent weakness of rural public service and people
43、 s livelihood facilities, such as through the teaching, medical and other ways to improve educational levels, improving health conditi ons i n rural areas. By encouraging the Central village to set up day care centres to promote old-age home, rural elderly pension problems. Third, firmly grasp and c
44、ontinue d to play well “five water treatment of“ winning the war on February 29 this year, the provinces “five water treatment2 展”的各种 相关活动。这些都促使我们在课堂上寻求改变：改变教师教法，改 变学生学法。我们的课题研究也正是顺应这种改变的一种尝试。 4、通过调查了解，我们发现，农村初中生在学习中存在以下几个突出的共 性问题：学生的预习（自主学习）较少，未做好课前的延伸；上课单纯以教师 讲、学生听的方式进行，学生的知识达成低；作业统一且量多，分层布置较少； 不同
45、层次学生间合作交流意识差，资源浪费现象严重。以上问题严重影响了学 生综合素质的提高，与素质教育和新课程改革的要求严重脱节。 因而，在初中阶段，要大胆改变传统教学模式，倡导学生主动参与教学， 突出学生主体和教师的主导，做到学、思、疑、问相结合，逐步培养学生自己 发现问题，分析问题和解决问题的能力，让学生真正成为学习的主人。为在新 时期教学改革中走出一条新路来，促进义务教育的发展，因此，有必要在初中 各学科教学中开展对学生自主合作学习方式的实践研究。 (三) 理论依据 1、主体性教育理论。 马克思主义哲学的重要思想。马克思主义认为，人的活动，即主体活动， 是个体自觉地与客体（活动对象）发生相互作用
46、的过程。人只有通过主体活动， 才能对客观世界发生作用，才能主动地认识客观事实，并在这一过程中改进发 展和完善人本身。在学校进行创新教育，实际上就是实施主体性教育思想的具 体表现。 2、发现教学理论。 发现教学理论的创始人布鲁纳认为，教学过程就是在教师的引导下学生发 现的过程。“自主、合作、探究”教学模式的核心和精髓，就是要求学习者由 “被动接受”知识转化为“主动发现”的积极学习，从而提高教学成效。 3、合作学习理论。 合作学习是一种同伴之间的合作互助活动，是以小组活动为主体而进行的 一种教学活动，是把个人之间的竞争转换为小组之间的竞争的探究活动，是由 教师设计教学，分配学习任务和控制教学进程的
47、活动。 （四）前期研究情况 立足于现代教育的高度，针对传统班级教学存在的弊端，近年来我国教育 holiday, pension and health, cultural and creative experience, sports healt h, farming, rural bed and breakfasts in new formats. T hree is the brand to create articles. XX agricultural comparative advantage into full play, especially the exclusive advan
48、tages of climate, mountains and sea resources, to create a group of the city, the provinces “called“ XX seafood, snack foods and safe agricultural products bra nd chara cteristics. Meanwhile, new industry guidance, support more farmers to participate in entrepreneurship, promoting large-scale projec
49、ts such as bed and breakfasts, farm, seed breedi ng base construction. Four is the mechanism innovation of the artcle. Deepe n agricultural reform, focusing on supporting foster professional major, family farms, cooperatives, enterprises and other new subjects of agricultural management, improve agricult ural production and operation of large-scale, professional level. Advance the reform of property right system in rural areas, to pay special attention to land rights, improve the function of property rights trading center to guide land management to professio