专题二状语从句有例句.pdf

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1、英语语法大汇总!看完这篇状语从句不丢分! 导言: 状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方 式和伴随状况等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当 于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。 常见考点: 1. 主句与从句的时态呼应问题; 2. 连接词的选择。 3. 状语从句与非谓语动词之间的替换; 4. 根据从句与主句的逻辑关系选用从属连词; 专题二状语从句 一、时间状语从句 定义: 用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语,这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句。 连接词: when, before, after, while, as

2、 soon as, until, since 注意: 如果主句是一般将来时,从句只能用一般现在时表示将来意义。 1、when 的用法 (1)when既可引导一个持续性动作,也可引导一个短暂性动作,可用于表示主句和从句 动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作,有时还可表示从句动作后于主句,意为“当。 时候”。 (2)when在 be about to dowhen, be doingwhen, had donewhen, be on one s waywhen , be on the point of doingwhen等结构中,作“那时突然”讲。 (3)when “既然、鉴于;尽管,虽然(位于主句

3、之后);如果” 例句 When she graduates, she will try to find a job in Beijing. I was about to get out the room when the door was opened. How can you expect your children to be truthful when you yourself tell lies? 2、while 的用法 (1)表示“当。时候”,引导的动作必须是延续性的。 (2)用作并列连词,表示相对关系“然而”。 (3)引导让步状语从句,相当于although,意为“虽然”,位于主句

4、前。 (4)引导条件状语从句,相当于as/so long as,意为“只要”。 例句 While mike was watching TV, his wife was washing dishes. While there is life, there is hope. While I believe it is true, I cannot prove it. 3、as 的用法 (1)表示“当时候”,强调同时发生,不指先后。 (2)说明两种正在发展或变化的情况,表示“随着”,表示时间的推移。 (3)表示“一边一边 ”。 (4)强调两个动作紧接着发生。 (5)表示“虽然,尽管”。 (6)其他含

5、义“正如,正像”,“作为”,“由于,因为”。 例句 As I was about to leave, the door bell rang. As time goes on, it is getting warmer and warmer. As a young man, he was fond of hunting. 4、before的用法 (1)一般意为“在之前”,“才”,“就”,“还没有 ”,“免得”,“不知不觉”,“宁可, 宁愿”,“否则,要不然”。 (2)It + will be/was + 时间段 +before+一般现在时 /一般过去时。在肯定句中,意为“多 长时间之后才”;在否

6、定句中,意为“用不了多长时间就”。 例句 The roof fell before he had time to rush out of the house. It will be one day before I finish reading the book. 5、until和 till (1)与肯定句连用,必须是延续性动词。 (2)与否定句连用,必须是非延续性动词,表示“直到 才,在 之前不 ”。 注意: not until可用于强调句和倒装句 强调句: It is/was not untilthat 倒装句: not until 放句首时,主句要部分倒装。 例句 They waited

7、 till I came back. He didn t enter my room until I returned. 6、since 的用法 (1)since 后是非延续性动词,时间起点从该动作发生算起,意为“做某事多久了”;since 后是延续性动词,时间起点从该动作结束算起,意为“不做某事已有多长时间”。 (2)It is/has been +时间段 +since+一般过去时 例句 I haven t seen him since he left the company. It has been a while since the last time I saw you. 7、表示“一

8、就”的句型 (1)as soon as, once,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute等引导 的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即发生,常译作“一就”,这类从句中, 经常用一般现在时态代替将来时态。 (2)on doing sth.或“ on one s+ 名词”作时间状语。 例句 As soon as I left school and started my studies as an engineer, I became independent finally. On hearing the news, the

9、girl rushed out without hesitation. 8、部分名词和副词 一部分名词和副词可以起连接词的作用,引导时间状语从句。 注意: 时间状语从句中不用将来时态。若要表示将来时间,可用一般现在时态表示。但when引 导名词性从句时,从句中要使用将来时。 例句 Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here. The last time she saw him, he was lying in bed. You are welcome to come back anytime you want to. 二、原因状

10、语从句 定义:在句中用来说明主句原因的句子叫原因状语从句。 引导词: because, since,as, now that, not that, but that, seeing that, considering that, in that 注意:for 也可以表示原因, 属并列连词, 但不是说明直接原因,而是对某种情况加以推断, 用于表示补充说明理由。 例句 Seeing (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey. It was because I missed the early bus that I was

11、 late for school. since he asks you, you will tell him why. 三、地点状语从句 1、地点状语从句由where, wherever引导。 注意: where与 where的区别: Where表特定的地点,而wherever表示非特定的地点。 Wherever=to/at any place where 例句 You can find him wherever he is needed. If you happen to get lost in the wild,you d better stay where you are and wai

12、t for help. 2、地点状语从句与定语从句的区别 Where引导定语从句时,从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;而状语从句前则无先 行词。 例句 You d better make a mark where you don t understand.(状语从句) You d better make a mark at the place where you don t understand.(定语从句) 四、目的状语从句 引导词: so, so that, in order that, that, to the end that(以便, 为了),in case, for fear t

13、hat, lest(以免,以防) 目的状语从句中通常有情态动词can, could, may, might, should, would等。 注意: 1、in case 还可表示“万一,假如”。 2、目的状语从句可以用so as to, in order to 等不定式代替,但主句和从句的主语必须一 致。 例句 He pretended to be ill so that he should not go to school. She explained again and again lest students should misunderstand her. Take a hat wit

14、h you in case the sun is very hot. 五、结果状语从句 定义:结果状语从句的从句是用来补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的,一般 位于主句之后。 引导词: so.that (如此 以至于 ), such.that(如此 以至于 ), so that (结果是), with the result that(所以,结果是) 注意: (1)so.that与 such.that的区别 so+ 形容词 such+a/an+形容词 + 单数名词 so+ 形容词 +a/an+单数名词such+ 形容词 + 复数名词 so+ 副词 such+ 形容词 + 不可数名词 so man

15、y/few+复数名词 so much/little+不可数名词 (2)so that引导的目的状语从句与so that 引导的结果状语从句;目的状语从句一般使 用情态动词,结果状语从句一般不使用情态动词;结果状语从句常常用逗号与主句分开。 (3)so.that与 so.as; such.that与 such.as so.that/such.that为结果状语从句;so.as/such.as为定语从句。 例句 He is such a cute boy that everyone loves him. He is so cute a boy that everyone loves him. he

16、 is so cute that everyone loves him. 六、条件状语从句 定义:条件是指某一件事情实现之后(状语从句中的动作),其它事情(主句中 的动作)才能发生,通常译作“ 假如” 引导词: if(如果), unless (除非), if only (只要,但愿), only if (只有), in case (万一), suppose/supposing(that)(假设),provided/providing(that)(只要,假若),on condition that(要是,在 条件下), so/as long as(只要),( lets/let us)say(假 设

17、) 例句 We shall have a picnic if it is a fine day tomorrow. We will not have a picnic unless it is a fine day tomorrow. In case John comes, Let me know. 七、方式状语从句 引导词: as(像 一样,正如 ), as if/as though(好像,宛如) 注意: 1、固定句型A is to B what C is to D.意为“ A 对 B 而言正如C 对 D 一样”。 2、as if, as though引导的从句若与事实相反,用虚拟语气;若与

18、事实相符,不用虚拟语 气。 例句 I have changed my plan as you suggested. They watched him closely as a cat watches a rat. It looks as if it is going to rain. 八、让步状语从句 定义:是状语从句中的一种,其本身也是状语从句。 一般翻译为“尽管”或“即使”,就是我们日常生活中“退一步说”的感觉。 引导词:though/although/as(虽然,尽管), even if/though(即使,尽管), whether/no matter whether.or(not) (

19、不管 是否,不管是 还是) wh-ever/no matter wh-(无论。 ) 注意: (1)though, although, as的区别 A、Though, although的主句中可以用yet, still, nevertheless, 但不可使用but 。 B、though引导的从句可以倒装,也可以不倒装;as 引导的从句必须倒装;although引 导的从句不能倒装。其结构为: 形容词 /分词 / 副词 / 动词原形 / 名词(无冠词) +as/though+ 主语 + 谓语 (2)though可用作副词,放在句末,意为“不过,但是”。although无此用法。 (3) 某些短语

20、也引导让步的从句或短语,意为“尽管”,如:in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that, regardless of(the fact that) 例句 Although it is so cold, yet he still go swimming everyday. Even though it s hard work, I enjoy it. Smart as she is, she doesn t study hard. 九、比较状语从句 引导词: as.as(和 一样),not as/so.as (和 不一样) ,than (比),

21、the more.the more. (越 越) 例句 Your watch is not the same as mine. She is smarter than Henry (is). The temperature here is as high as 39. 十、状语从句中的省略问题 1、在状语从句中如果主语与主句的主语一致,同时从句中又含有系动词be ,则通常可省 去从句的主语和系动词be, 留下其余部分。 2、若状语从句中主语是it, 动词是系动词be 的变化形式,则通常可省去主语it 及系动词 be ,留下其余部分。 3、如果 as, than 引导比较状语从句,在前后句意非常明确的情况下,常可省略as 和 than 从句中的各种成分。 例句 While in America (=While I was in America), I learned a lot about American customs. There is little, if any, difference between them. Mary is wearing the same coat as Jane (= as Jane wears the coat).

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