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1、1 2017 年考研英语二 Section I Use of English Directions ： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different， with academics， writers， and ac
2、tivists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital， and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future
3、 will be a wasteland of a different sort， one 4 by purposelessness ： Without jobs to give their lives 5 ， people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today s unemployed dont seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a
4、 year report having depression ， double the rate for 7 Americans. Also， some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality， mental-health problems， and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jo
5、bless future. But it doesnt 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work， a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingl
6、y different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today， the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring ，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential ， ” says John Danaher ， a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days ，because leisure time
7、is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard days work， I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says， adding，“In a world in which I dont have to work ，I might feel rather different”perhaps different e
8、nough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. A boasting B denying C warning D ensuring 2. A inequality B instability C unreliability D uncertainty 3. A policy Bguideline C resolution D prediction 4. A characterized Bdivided C balanced
9、Dmeasured 5. A wisdom B meaning C glory D freedom 6. A Instead B Indeed C Thus D Nevertheless 7. A rich B urban Cworking D educated 8. A explanation B requirement C compensation D substitute 9. A under B beyond C alongside D among 2 10. A leave behind B make up C worry about D set aside 11. A statis
10、tically B occasionally C necessarily D economically 12. A chances B downsides C benefits D principles 13. A absence B height C face D course 14. A disturb B restore C exclude D yield 15. A model B practice C virtue D hardship 16. A tricky B lengthy C mysterious D scarce 17. A demands B standards C q
11、ualities D threats 18. A ignored B tired C confused D starved 19. A off B against C behind D into 20. A technological B professional C educational D interpersonal Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions ： Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B
12、, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points ） Text 1 Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed
13、 by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeleys world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour. Parkrun is succeeding where Londons Olympic “legacy“ is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 3
14、0th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise
15、, by nearly 2 million in the runup to 2012but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. O
16、fficial retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.“ The success of Parkrun offers answers. Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over t
17、he line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers. Indeed, there is something a little absurd in t
18、he state getting involved in the 3 planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots“, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goodsmaking sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and
19、netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to
20、do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse. 21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_. Agained great popularity Bcreated many jobs Cstrengthened community ties Dbecome an official festival 22. The author believes that Londons Olympic “legacy“ has failed to
21、_. Aboost population growth Bpromote sport participation Cimprove the citys image Dincrease sport hours in schools 23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_. Aaims at discovering talents Bfocuses on mass competition Cdoes not emphasize elitism Ddoes not attract first-timers 24.With reg
22、ard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_. Aorganize “grassroots“ sports events Bsupervise local sports associations Cincrease funds for sports clubs Dinvest in public sports facilities 25. The authors attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_. Atolerant Bcritical C
23、uncertain Dsympathetic Text 2 With so much focus on childrens use of screens, its easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It mak
24、es it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over 4 into the family routine.” Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verba
25、l and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention. Infants are wired to look at p
26、arents faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive as they often are when absorbed in a device it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment ” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it
27、, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother s attention. “Parents dont have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but
28、 there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a childs verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,“ says Radesky. On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demand
29、s that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if youre failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isnt learning from
30、 the screen doesnt mean theres no value to itparticularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier,
31、 which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time. 26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to _. Asimplify routine matters Babsorb user attention Cbetter interpersonal relations Dincrease work efficiency 27. Radesky s food-testing exercise shows that mother
32、s use of devices _. Atakes away ba bies appetite Bdistracts childrens attention Cslows down babies verbal development Dreduces mother-child communication 28. Radesky s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _. Ait is easy for children to get used to blank expressions Bverbal expressions are
33、unnecessary for emotional exchange Cchildren are insensitive to changes in their parents mood Dparents need to respond to childrens emotional needs 5 29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_. Aprotect kids from exposure to wild fantasies Bteach their kids at least 30,000
34、 words a year Censure constant interaction with their children Dremain concerned about kids use of screens 30. According to Tronick, kids use of screens may_. Agive their parents some free time Bmake their parents more creative Chelp them with their homework Dhelp them become more attentive Text 3 T
35、oday, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly t
36、o stay back a year, doesnt it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesnt feel natural to spend a year doing something that isnt academic. But while this may be true, its not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. Theres always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the social
37、ly perpetuated “race tothe finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuitsin fact, it probably enhances it. Studies from the United States and Australia show that
38、students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes all things that first-year students o
39、ften struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders. If youre not convinced of the inherent value in taking a
40、year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high schoo
41、l curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in
42、the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure 6 things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on. 31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates no
43、t taking a gap year is that_. Athey think it academically misleading Bthey have a lot of fun to expect in college Cit feels strange to do differently from others Dit seems worthless to take off-campus courses 32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_. Akeep students f
44、rom being unrealistic Blower risks in choosing careers Cease freshmen s financial burdens Drelieve freshmen of pressures 33. The word “acclimation”（Line 8, Para. 3 ） is closest in meaning to_. Aadaptation Bapplication Cmotivation Dcompetition 34. A gap year may save money for students by helping the
45、m_. Aavoid academic failures Bestablish long-term goals Cswitch to another college Ddecide on the right major 35. The most suitable title for this text would be_. AIn Favor of the Gap Year BThe ABCs of the Gap Year CThe Gap Year Comes Back DThe Gap Year: A Dilemma Text 4 Though often viewed as a pro
46、blem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management. In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual bu
47、dget fighting firesnearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agencys other worksuch as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep that affect the lives of all America
48、ns. Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire? 7 “It s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?”“ Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lowe