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1、2019 年研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析 Section I Use of English Directions ： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , wh
2、en done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 . As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass,
3、but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals. I also found weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to no
4、tice significant changes in weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost. For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less importa
5、nt for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program. I also use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the s
6、ame, but I m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake. The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden o
7、f a 18 morning weigh-in. I ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I m training according to those goals, instead of numbers on a scale. Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level. 1.
8、 A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides 2. A. Cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps 3. A. Solely B. occasionally C. formally D. initially 4. A. Lowering B. explaining C. accepting D. recording 5. A. Set B. review C. reach D. modify 6. A. Depiction B. distribution C. prediction D. definition 7.
9、 A. Regardless of B. aside from C. along with D. due to 8. A. Rigid B. precise C. immediate D. orderly 9. A. judgments B. reasons C. methods D. claims 10. A. Though B. again C. indeed D. instead 11. A. Track B. overlook C. conceal D. report 12. A. Approval of B. hold onto C. account for D. depend on
10、 13. A. Share B. adjust C. confirm D. prepare 14. Features B. rules C. tests D. results 15. A. Anxious B. hungry C. sick D. bored 16. A. Secret B. belief C. sign D. principle 17. A. Necessity B. decision C. wish D. request 18. A. Surprising B. restricting C. consuming D. disappointing 19. A. Because
11、 B. unless C. until D. if 20. A. Dominating B. puzzling C. triumphing D. obsessing 1. 逻辑关系题：文章第一句说定期称体重是一个很好的方式，空格后谈到hurt 伤害 ia，所以前后构成转折相反关系，需要填入一个转折词，选C however。干扰项 A 因此， B 否则， D 除此之外。都不符合题意。 2. 词性题：空前提到伤害大，空格内需要填入与 hurt 的反义词，正确的是 D help 有帮助。干扰项A 关心，B 警告， C 减少。 3. 副词题：这句意思是我们会把关注点由原来的通常关注体重和健康转移到 关
12、注体重秤上面来。 此处需要与 generally 通常相反的词， 正确的是 solely 仅仅。 干扰项 B 偶尔， C 正式与句意不符。 4. 词性题：仅仅想着体重秤上的数字，答案是A lowering 降低，此处用了仅 仅用来加强语气不能选其他，B 解释， C 接受， D 记录。 5. 词性题：我需要训练来目标，与goal 搭配,最适合的是 reach 达到，干扰项 A set 设置， B 审查， D 修正 6. 词性题目：准确的我的努力，已经发生的事，应该用depiction 描述，不能 用预测 predict，其他词义 distribution 分配 definition 定义 都不对
13、 7. 逻辑题：改变训练项目，需要三周到一个月时间来注意到体重的明显变化, 此处构成因果关系，选D due to 由于，其他 A 不顾， B 除了， C 和都不符合 8. 词性题：前一句讲过体重的变化是最不明显的需要耗费三周到一个月，所以此处 讲的应该是最明显的变化，因此选C 立即的。 9. 逻辑题：前后构成因果关系，因为这些原因，我改变每天秤体重的做法。正 确答案 reasons 10. 逻辑题：前半句和后半句明显是一种对比关系，因此选D instead 反而。 11. 词性题：空后是体重， A track 追踪，正确。 B overlook 忽视， C conceal 掩 盖，D repo
14、rt 报道，意思不符合。 12. 并列结构： and 前面 observe 观察，与它意思相近的是C account for 解释说 明，每隔一周称体重， 让我观察到一些明显的体重变化并且为他寻找原因。其他 项 A 批准赞成， B 紧紧抓住,D 依赖 不符合题意 13. 词性题：那会告诉我如何我的训练计划，正确答案是adjust 调整，其他选 项 A 分享， C 确认 D 准备 14. 词性题：需要填入的是名词，我会从半月体重称量得到信息。正确答案是 D results 结果，其他项 A 特色， B 规则 ,C 测试 不符合题意 15. 并列结构： and 后是体重下降，此处是并列关系，选择B
15、 饥饿。其他项 A 焦 虑，C 疾病的 ,D 无聊的 不符合题意 16. 词性题：体重下降，那是一个我需要增加卡路里摄入， C 信号，正确。其他 项 A 秘密,B 信念 D 原则 不符合题意 17. 词性题： to 后面的结构是修饰这个空，即停止每天称体重的B 决定，正确。 其他项 A 必要性 ,C 希望 D 请求 不符合题意 18. 词性题： of 后边结构修饰前面的burden 负担，所以我们此处填入的形容词也 必然是不好的D 失望的，正确。其他项A 惊讶的 ,C 限制的 C 消耗的 不符合 题意 19. A 逻辑题： 前半句讲获得成功是结果，填入的应该是因为because 正确。其 他项
16、 B 如果不 ,C 直到 D 如果 不符合题意 20. D 词性题：此处要填入一个动词， rather than 两个句子构成对比关系，所以 我们需要选出与focus 意思相近的词，几个词组都可搭配over， obsess 痴迷 D 正确。其他项 A 统治,B 迷惑 C 成功 不符合题意 Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your
17、 answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children arent born knowing how to say “I m sorry ”; rather, they learn over time th
18、at such statements appease parents and friendsand their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing: A child who claims responsibility for knocking over a tower and tries to rebuild it is engaging in behavior thats not only
19、 reparative but also prosocial. In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It evokes Freuds ideas and religious hang-ups. More important, guilt is deeply uncomfortableit s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Who would inflict it upon a child? Ye
20、t this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” Vaish says, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions arent binaryfeelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in an
21、other. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness (think mania) can be destructive. And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to atone for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other wor
22、ds, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue. Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and oth
23、ers have shown that guilt and sympathy (and its close cousin empathy) may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can
24、substitute for low guilt. In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244 children, ages 4, 8, and 12. Using caregiver assessments and the childrens self-observations, they rated each child s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and s
25、adness) after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even thou
26、gh they hadnt magically become more sympathetic to the other child s deprivation. “That s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because of our empathetic proclivity, or because we caused harm and we feel regret.” 21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help . A. re
27、gulate a child s basic emotions B. improve a child s intellectual ability C. intensify a child s positive feelings D. foster a child s moral development 22.According to Paragraph 2, many people still guilt to be . A. deceptive B. addictive C. burdensome D. inexcusable 23. Vaish holds that the rethin
28、king about guilt comes from an awareness that . A. an emotion can play opposing roles B. emotions are socially constructive C. emotional stability can benefit health D. emotions are context -independent 24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing . A. may help correct emotional defi
29、ciencies B. can bring about emotional satisfaction C. can result from either sympathy or guilt D. may be the outcome of impulsive acts 25. The word “transgressions” (line4 para5) is closest in meaning to . A. wrongdoings B. discussions C. restrictions D. teachings 21. 答案【 D】foster a childs moral dev
30、elopment 解析：本题目为因果关系题，考察因果关系对应关系。根据题干关键词guilt can be a good thing 定位到第一段最后一句。因果关系题找到原因定位句，根据最后 一句 this is why可得知应该是题点的上一句，即第一段倒数第二句“Children arent born knowing how to say “ I am sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends-and their own consciences . ”，这句的意思是
31、孩子不是生来就知道如何说“ 对 不起” ，而是随着时间而学习到的，这种说法可以安慰一下他的父母朋友，以及 他们自己的道德心（良心） 。但是这句话实际是个例子，所以我们可以进一步往 前看一句，就是第一段第一句的后半句主句，“guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a childs growing grasp of social and moral norms.内疚出现的稍晚 一点，伴随着孩子对于社会和道德准则的理解的逐渐增多” 这句就可以得出答案 A，foster a child s moral development 培养了孩子的道德
32、发展是a childs growing grasp of social and moral norms 这句的同义改写。干扰项B 的 regulate a childs basic emotions 原文提及到基本情感，但并未提及regulate 管理，干扰项C. improve a childs intellectual ability 和 D. intensity a child s positive feelings 都为提 及。 22. 答案【 C】burdensome 解析：本题目为具体细节题。根据题干中的many people still consider guilt to be
33、定 位到原文第二段的第一和第二句，原文的in the popular imagination 与题干中的 many people still consider 是 同 义转 化，紧 接着 第 二 句继续 说it is deeply uncomfortable-it s emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones, 意思是内疚感是让人感到非常不舒服的，它是穿着石头那么 重的夹克在情感上的对等物，意思就是内疚感让人感到很沉重，有负担，而正确答 案 D 的 burdensome 正是是原文内容的同义替换。 A 是不可原谅
34、的， B 是欺骗， C 是上瘾的，都不符合文意。 23. 答案【 A】 an emotion can play opposing roles 解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词Vaish hold that rethinking about guilt 定位到第二段第四句。她补充道，在某种情况下可能有利的得情绪在另 一种情况下是有害的，后面具体例子，嫉妒和愤怒可能演变成提醒我们注意重要的不 平等。正确答案B 的 emotion 是原文 feelings 的同义替换，can play opposing roles 是 原文的 advantageous in one context
35、 may be harmful in another 的同义转化。干扰项 A 的 context-independent 独立于环境和原文提及不同的环境情绪的作用不同相 反，属于正反混淆；选项C 的 socially constructive 原文并未提及，属于无中生 有；选项D 的emotional stability can benefit health 情绪稳定能够有益健康，并未提 及，是常识性干扰 24. 答案【 C】 can result from either sympathy or guilt 解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。根据题干关键词Malti and others h
36、ave shown that cooperation and sharing 定位到第四段第三句。马尔蒂和其他人已经表 明，内疚和同情可能代表合作和分享的不同途径。正确答案C 的 sympathy 和 guilt 是文中的原词，result from 是原文 represent 的同义替换，干扰项 A 可能帮 助纠正情绪缺陷，原文是compensate for an emotional deficiency 弥补感情上的缺 陷，并且原文主语只有内疚感并没有同情，属于偷换概念。属于正反混淆；选项B can bring about emotional satisfaction 可以带来情绪的满足感
37、， 原文并未提及，属于无中生有；选项D 的 may be the outcome of impulsive acts 可能是冲动行为的结果，原文是内疚会抑制他们更坏的冲动，属于偷换概念。 25. 答案【 A】 wrongdoings 解析：本题目为猜词题，考察上下文内容。根据题干信息定位到第五段第四句。 his or her tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moral transgressions. 在道德什么之后感到负面情绪，肯定是道德负面的状态下才会有 负面情绪，正确答案 A 的 wrongdoings 是错误，不道德行为。干扰项B discussions 讨论，和原文意思不符，道德讨论不成立，C 选项 restrictions 道德限制，不成 立。选项 D 的 teachings 教诲;学说;