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1、2019 考研英二真题，凯程首发，全网最全 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when don
2、e too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 . Weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active, to focusing 3 on the scale. That was counterproductive to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, bu
3、t thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals. I also found weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to noti
4、ce significant changes in weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost. For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important
5、 for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program. I also use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to provide information about my nutrition as well. If my trainin g intensity remains th
6、e same, but I m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake. The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burde
7、n of a 18 morning weigh-in. I ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I m training according to those goals, instead of numbers on a scale. Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.
8、 1. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides 2. A. cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps 3. A. solely B. occasionally C. formally D. initially 4. A. lowering B. explaining C. accepting D. recording 5. A. set B. review C. reach D. modify 6. A. depiction B. distribution C. prediction D. definition
9、 7. A. regardless of B. aside from C. along with D. due to 8. A. rigid B. precise C. immediate D. orderly 9. A. judgments B. reasons C. methods D. claims 10. A. though B. again C. indeed D. instead 11. A. track B. overlook C.conceal D. report 12. A. approve of B. hold onto C. account for D. depend o
10、n 13. A. share B. adjust C. confirm D. prepare 14. A. features B. rules C. tests D. results 15. A. anxious B. hungry C. sick D. bored 16. A. secret B. belief C. sign D. principle 17. A. necessity B. decision C. wish D. request 18. A. surprising B. restricting C. consuming D. disappointing 19. A. bec
11、ause B. unless C. until D. if 20. A. dominating B. puzzling C. triumphing D. obsessing Part A Section II Reading comprehension Direction: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answer on answer sheet. (40 points) Text 1 Unlike so-calle
12、d basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a childs growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children arent born knowing how to say “Im sorry ” ; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends and their own cons
13、ciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing. In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable its the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understandin
14、g is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,“ says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions arent binary 一feelings that may be ad
15、vantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive. And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix
16、relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue. Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In
17、a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy c
18、an substitute for low guilt. In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children s self-observations, she rated each childs overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were han
19、ded chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low- sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadnt magically become more sympathetic to the other childs de
20、privation. “Thats good news,“ Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.“ 21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help A. foster a child s moral development B. regulate a child s basic emotions C. improve a child s intellectual ability D.
21、intensify a child s positive feelings 22. According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be A. inexcusable B. deceptive C. addictive D. burdensome 23. Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that . A. emotions are context-independent B. an emotion can play o
22、pposing roles C. emotions are socially constructive D. emotional stability can benefit health 24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing . A may help correct emotional deficiencies B. can bring about emotional satisfaction C. can result from either sympathy or guilt D. may be the o
23、utcome of impulsive acts 25. The word “transgressions“ (line4 para5) is closest in meaning to . A. wrongdoings B. discussions C. restrictions D. teachings Text 2 Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to s
24、oak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb. Thankfully, there is a way out of this trapbut it involves striking a subtle balance. Helpi
25、ng forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks“ long into the future may require reducing their capacity to sequester carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details. The states proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin ou
26、t young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest, including by controlled burning. This temporarily lowers carbon- carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forests capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healt
27、hy trees are also better able to fend off bark beetles. The landscape is rendered less combustible. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed. The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and beetles have killed more than 100 million trees in California
28、, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have scorched hundreds of thousands of acres. Californias plan envisions treating 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 financed from the proceeds of the states emissions-permit auctions. Thats only a small share of the total acreage th
29、at could benefit, an estimated half a million acres in all, so it will be important to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought. The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber, burned as biofuel in vehicl
30、es that would otherwise run on fossil fuels, or used in compost or animal feed. New research on transportation biofuels is under way, and the state plans to encourage lumber production close to forest lands. In future the state proposes to take an inventory of its forests carbon-storing capacity eve
31、ry five years. State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, including those owned by the U.S. Forest Service, but traditionally theyve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in stori
32、ng carbon. Californias plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as a model. 26. “ One of the harder challenges” implies A. global climate change may get out of control B. forests may become a potential threat C. people may misunderstand global warming D.
33、extreme weather conditions may arise 27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks“, we may need to _ A. preserve diversity of species B. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity C. accelerate the growth of young trees D. strike a balance among different plants 28. Californias Forest Carbon
34、 Plan endeavors to A. restore its forests quickly after wildfires. B. cultivate more drought resistant trees. C. find more effective ways to kill insects D. reduce the density of some of its forests 29. What is essential to Californias plan according to Para.5? A. To obtain enough financial support
35、B. To carry it out before 2020 C. To handle the areas in the serious danger first D. To perfect the emission-permit auctions 30. The authors attitude toward Californias plan can be best described as A. supportive B. ambiguous C. tolerant D. cautious Text3 American farmers have been complaining of la
36、bor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers. Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within
37、 the industry. If this doesn t change, American communities, and consumers will be the losers. Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today s farm laborers, while still p
38、redominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now, more than half are. And crop picking is hard on older bodies. O
39、ne oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it s been all along: Native U.S. workers won t be returning to the farm. Mechanization isn t the answer either not yet, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-valu
40、e, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they are automated. As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H- 2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricult
41、ural workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled. The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 annually. Even so, employers frequently complain th
42、at they aren t given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some work
43、ers and drive others underground. In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed wa
44、s imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imports was 25.8 percent. In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it. 31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs? A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S. B. Biase
45、d laws in favor of some American businesses. C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers D. Decline of job opportunities in U.S.agriculture 32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is ? A. the rising number of illegal immigrants B. the high mobility of crop workers C. the lack of exp
46、erienced laborers D. the aging of immigrant farm workers 33. What is the much-argued solution the labor shortage in U.S. farming? A. To attract younger laborers to farm work. B. To get native U.S. workers back farming C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops D. To strengthen financial support
47、for farmers. 34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its . A. slow granting procedures B. limit on duration of stay C. tightened requirements D. control of annual admissions 35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text? A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline? B. Impor
48、t Food or Labor? C. America Saved by Mexico? D. Manpower VS. Automation? Text 4 Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: it s easy to beat plastic. They re part of a bunch of celebrities staring in a new video for World Environment Day-encourage you, the consumer,
49、to swap out your single-use Plastic staples to combat the plastic crisis. My biggest concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “ done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions - a kind of “ moral licensing”